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Italiano印度是一个神奇的国度
印度是一个神奇的国度。我曾踏上它的土地，强烈感受到它与其他无论东方还是西方国家都完全不同的异域习俗和人文风情。
许多人诟病印度：它发展落后、人口文化素质低、贫富差距大、遍地乞丐、人们随地大小便、女性受到歧视和侮辱、政府机构腐败等等……但是除了亟待改善的这些问题，印度还是一个最矛盾最复杂最神秘又最有潜力的综合体。
印度以前所未有的速度在发展，现代教育培养出大量工程师和医生等高素质人才，中产阶级的数量正在不断扩大。印度是个进口大国，新一代印度人的思想观念和消费观念与国际接轨，他们热爱新事物迷恋高科技愿意为高品质的产品和服务买单（尽管进口商总是试图压低进口价格，但是他们进口的产品在印度国内的售价并不低廉）。对于掘金者而来，欧美等国家已经后劲不足，而印度才是你应该关注的超级消费大国。
如果你被派去印度差旅或者常驻印度，仍然需要详看以下建议：
（以下内容英文原文来自wikihow网站，由本号翻译并编辑整理）
How tobe a foreign expat／residentin India
India is a huge country with many religions and ethnic groups. Still, there are some basic rules that all expats should and have to follow if they are planning to live and work in India for an indefinite period of time. Of course this guide also helps people who stay for periods starting from6 months on a work visa.
印度是一个拥有多宗教和多种族的超级大国，对于外国人而言，如果想在印度居住或者工作一段时间，有一些基本原则需要遵守。这些规则也适用于那些持有工作签证并打算在印度工作六个月以上的人。
This guide starts off with the following presumptions:
这些原则是建立在假定以下条件成立的基础上：
-The person moving to India is not a traveler, but will work in the country
去印度并不是去旅行而是去工作。
– The person moving to India has accommodation, work and visa in place.
已经准备好了在当地的住宿、工作和签证事宜。
Tips below are for your reference but it does not contain any offense of India and Indian people.
以下建议供您差旅时参考但并不含有任何冒犯印度和印度人民的意思。
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1. Take the right taxi when you arrive.Look for the pre-paid taxi stand. Do not let any person approach you and offer you a taxi. They are definitely overcharging by a very high amount(up to300 percent!). Make a difference between A/C(airconditioning) and non-A/C cab. In the middle of the night and in the cooler period, A/C is not needed, it is just more expensive.'Luxury cabs' do not exist, thus a higher amount for taking one is not justified.
1.到达印度之后，乘坐正规的士。
去找预付款的士站，不要坐个人揽客的黑车。黑车通常会额外索要高达三倍的价格。选择乘坐空调车或者非空调车。半夜出行或者在较凉爽的地区就没必要乘坐空调车了，价格会比较贵。豪华的士是不存在的，所以即使加价也不可能乘坐到豪华的士。
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2. Pay the correct amount.When reaching your destination, your cab driver will do everything to charge you an extra amount. He might give you the following reasons: driver's charge, night charge, luxury charge, tip, waiting charge, parking fees, sick mother, grandmother, dog, cat, cow or sheep. None of this is true! Pre-paid taxis are called pre-paid taxis because they are pre-paid. Tipping cab drivers is not common and not advisable.
2.付车费时要当心。
到达目的地后，的士司机会以很多理由向你索要额外的报酬，他可能会亮出以下的借口：司机费、夜乘费、豪华费、小费、等待费、停车费、妈妈病了、祖母病了、狗病了、猫病了、羊病了、牛病了…这些都是假的。所谓的预付款的士真的就是预付款，不建议额外给的士司机小费。
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3. Get a telephone:Every Indian owns a mobile phone.Getting one takes some patience, but is quite easy. Identify the most reliable mobile provider in your region. Common ones are: Airtel, Hutch(now Vodafone), Idea. Usually you need your residency permit and passport aswell as1-2 passport pictures. You can use your European telephone or a U.S. one(although India providers are mostly using the GSM network– same as AT&T andT-Mobile in USA). But simple mobile phones can be bought starting from30 USD.
3.开通手机。
每个印度人都拥有一部手机，开通手机服务需要点耐心但非常简单。找到当地可靠的手机运营商，通常有Airtel, vodaphone,Idea。通常情况下，你必须出示居住证、护照以及两张护照证件照。你也可以使用欧洲的手机或者美国的手机(尽管印度的运营商通常使用GSM网络，但是这和美国的AT&T与T-Mobile是一样的)，但是用30美金就可以买到一部简单的手机。
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4. Register at the FRRO.Within the first14 days of your arrival you need to register at the Foreigners' Regional Registration Office(FRRO). Usually, your employer helps you with that. If not, try to find a reliable Indian person, who can help you out with the language spoken in the area you live in, as nobody in the FRRO will speak enough English to understand you. Do not forget to fill the simple form with your address and other details. And take passport pictures. In India passport pictures are needed for everything, so make it a habit to carry at least5with you at all times.
4.在FRRO注册。
到达印度的两周之内，你必须到外国居民登记处进行注册。通常你的雇主会帮你做这件事，如果没有，可以尝试找一位值得信赖的当地印度人给你当翻译，因为在外国居民登记处登记的时候，工作人员的英语水平可能不足以完全理解你的表达。不要忘了填制那份含有你地址和其他详细信息的简单表格，还有拍护照格式的照片。在印度，几乎所有公务办事都需要提供护照格式的照片，所以养成至少随身携带五张照片的习惯。
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5. Get a residency permit.Once the FRRO has workedon your registration, you(or somebody in the company you work for) will be asked to pick up your'residency permit'(stamped form). This paper is very important. Do not lose it and carry it with you when you are traveling, as it is proof that you are an Indian Resident and will give you discounts at many tourist sites(Humayun's Tomb in Delhi, Qutab Minar in Delhi, Amber Fort in Jaipur and many more). It also proofs that you are in India legally. The process for your permit to be approved can takeanything between5 days and2 months.
5.取得居住许可证。
一旦FRRO通过了你的注册，你或者公司其他人就会被要求去领取居住证(它是一份盖章的表格)。这份文件非常重要，不要将它遗失，在出行的时候随身携带，因为这是你在印度居住的证明而且在许多旅游景点可以打折，它也证明了你在印度居住的合法性。取得居住证的时间可能需要五天到两个月。
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6.Get a PAN card:Your employer will pay taxes for you or you will pay your own taxes. In any case you will receive a PAN card that shows that you are-
An Indian Resident
Paying your taxes in India.
This card you can carry with you instead of the residency permit, as it serves the same purpose and is accepted by most people and institutions asa means of identification.
6.取得一张PAN卡：你的雇主会为你交税，否则你自己要为自己交税。你一定会收到一张PAN卡，这张卡显示:
你是印度居民。
你需要在印度交税。
如果你带了这张卡，就不需要再携带居住证了，它们的作用是一样的，而且被大多数机构认可为印度居民身份证明。
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7.Obtain health insurance:either you have taken up a private health insurance in your home country or your employer offers you a certain health insurance package with your contract. Bigger cities in India have good private hospitals and doctors at prices that are affordable.
7.获得医疗保险。
要么你就在本国购买一份人身保险，要么在合同中指明让雇主为你提供一份人身保险套餐。在印度的大城市可以用合理的价格享受到良好的私人医院和医生的服务。
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8. Learn about transport:If you are not lucky enough to live in one of the cities that has a metro, you will have to rely on the following methods of transport:
8.了解出行方式。如果很不幸你所在的城市没有地铁，那么你不得不依赖以下的交通方式出行:
Bike rikshaw: slow, unreliable and usually the drivers do not know their way around. Not advisable after dark for single women. Price: bargain, bargain, bargain! It is cheaper than you think and foreign people pay a higher price than Indians in any case.
人力黄包车：
这种出行方式不可靠而且通常情况下司机对周围的路径都不熟悉。不建议女性在晚上选择这种方式出行。价格方面：还价还价再还价。它永远比你想象的要更便宜，而且收取外国人的费用比印度本地人高得多。
Auto rikshaw: They do have meters, but those never work. If they do, in many cities the drivers have lists that show the rates you have to pay according to the meter. If the meter does not work: bargain, bargain, bargain!
电动黄包车：
车上有打表器，但是司机从来不使用它，如果他们使用了，在一些城市里，司机会有一个清单告诉你付费的标准。如果不能打表，记住：还价还价再还价。
Taxis: same as for auto rikshaws. There are also taxis that have fixed prices which can be booked for a certain number of hours and kilometres with the driver. Ask your Indian colleagues for the local prices for these(and everything else). And usually, even though a fixed price had been agreed, the drivers will want more money. The only charge that really does apply is the night charge(usually from11 PM)and parking charges(in Delhi between10 and20 RS). Do not pay anything they ask you without asking forproof.
的士：
和电动黄包车一样。
通常也有那种已经固定价格，可以跟司机包几个小时或者多少公里的路程！你可以向当地的印度同事咨询本地的收费标准(也可以咨询其他任何问题)。通常情况下，尽管已经提前把价格说好了，司机总会想办法多要点钱。其实只有夜乘服务是需要额外给付的。除非司机给出合理证明，否则不要给付任何他们向你索要的额外费用。
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9.Experiment with eating out:Restaurants are quite cheap and usually the food is fine. Indian food is very spicy and contains a lot of beans. In most of the bigger cities, there is a good variety of Western food available(at higher cost though). Hygiene is a very sensitive topic. Mostly the plates and cutlery are clean.It is only a myth that the food is not cooked in hygienic conditions. Today maximum Indian restaurants observe the hygiene standards laid down by the central board. Indian chefs work very hard to give you the right quality food. If your concern about hygiene is genuine we suggest you eat at a good restaurant and not at roadside. Nobody can assure healthy food at roadside whether in India or in New York.
9.出去吃饭的体验。
餐馆收费通常都很便宜而且食物也不错。印度的食物非常辛辣而且含有许多的豆类。在许多大点的城市里，还有许多西餐可供选择(但是价格会贵一些)。卫生问题是一个非常敏感的话题。大多数的餐具都是干净的，但是食物烹制的环境是否干净就不得而知了。现在许多印度餐馆都把提高卫生标准作为重中之重，印度厨师们也非常努力地为你提供高质量的食物。如果你实在担心卫生问题的话，我们建议你在一家正规的餐厅就餐，而不是在路边。无论是在印度还是在纽约，没人能保证路边的食物是否干净。
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10.Get an International Driving Permit from your home country.Indian transport authorities do not recognize a driving license without an IDP. It is NOT recommended to drive yourself in India– driving is chaotic and random, and rules are rarely followed in India. If you wish to drive, do so with caution, and remember that drivers in India will not extend the same courtesy as expected in Western countries.
10.在你的母国获得一张国际驾驶证。
印度交通局不认可国际驾驶证之外的驾驶证。不建议在印度自驾开车，驾驶环境非常混乱，人们都不会遵守交通规则。如果你很想自己开车，那就要多加防范，记住:印度的司机可不像西方国家的司机那么文明。
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11.Buy food in a market.Fruit and vegetables are widely available on markets. They usually weigh what you buy, so if they don't, insist on it, otherwise they will definitely overcharge you. There are good supermarkets as well, which sell imported products at the same prices as in your home country or slightly more expensive.
11.在超市购买食物。
超市里面有大量的水果和蔬菜供应，通常需要称重，如果他们不称重你也要坚持称重，否则的话他们会杀你的价，也有一些较好的超市销售一些进口食物，而且价格和你的母国的售价相差不大。
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12.Wear appropriate clothing: This is especially important for women! Donot wear short skirts, tight clothes or tank-tops.
12.着装得体。
这对于女性来说尤其重要。不要穿短裙、紧身衣服或者吊带衫。
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13.Try out the nightlife: Mostly nightclubs are inexpensive hotels and the prices are even higher than in Europe or the US. Clubbers are either rich expats or posh Indians. Music is mostly Indian Bollywood, Punjabi etc. or techno/house music.
13.尝试一下夜生活。
大多数酒吧都开在昂贵的酒店，而且价格比在欧洲和美国要高。去泡吧的人都是有钱的外国人或者印度富人。梦的音乐通常是印度宝莱坞或者旁遮普歌曲等等，也有电音和浩室音乐。
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14.Observe state alcohol laws.In some states, the minimum age for drinking is18, in others, it is21, and some, such as Maharashtra, it is25 for hard liquor. Transporting liquor across state lines are often illegal– eg Goa to Maharashtra,(because of high excise duties in Maharashtra); Maharashtra-Gujarat(because Gujarat is a dry state). In Maharashtra, to drink alcohol, you need to make a permit, although this rule is rarely enforced.
14.了解邦际酒精条例。
在一些邦，最小饮酒年龄为18岁，在其他州是21岁。而在马哈拉斯特拉邦烈性酒的饮酒年龄是25岁以上。邦际之间的酒精流通是犯法的，例如从果阿邦运酒去马哈拉斯特拉邦就属于犯法(因为马哈拉斯特拉邦有很高的消费税，所以有人想从其他邦运酒过来)。在马哈拉施特拉邦，如果想饮酒必须得到许可，尽管这条规则很少强制执行。
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15.Be prepared to see poverty:It is everywhere. And even the poor expect more money out of you than of their Indian people. So they might cling to your legs, grab your arms or in any other way with their whining voices try to get your attention. There is no solution for this.
15.随时准备好见到乞丐。
在任何地方都有可能见到乞丐。即使是乞丐，在讨钱的时候也总想着从你身上讨到比从印度本地人那里更多的钱。他们可能会拽着你的腿、抓着你的胳膊或者用哀怨的声音以任何方式来引起你的注意力！对这种情况，你是毫无办法的。
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16.Recognize that cows are considered holy by Hindus.You will see them roaming the streets in some areas. Treat them with respect.
16.要了解牛在印度教徒心中是非常神圣的。在一些地区你会看到牛在街上行走，请尊重它们。
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17.Adjust to the manners: Remember that different people have different manners.
17.入乡随俗。要知道不同的民族有不同的礼仪习惯。
来源：BBC英语听力
