郭振鹤:关于思考,我们可以做什么?

关于思考,我们可以做什么?
( What can one do about thinking?)
头脑是一种可以改变资讯本质的设计,而改变的过程就叫做思考。 (The brain is a device for changing the nature of information and the process of change is called thinking.)
思考的六动作(The six movements about thinking)
1. 等待(Wait):你可以坐着等待,一直等到资讯自行分类(You can sit around until information sorts itself out)。
2. 暴露(Expose):你可以不必等待,而主动把自己暴露在环境中,搜集资讯(Instead of waiting , you can expose yourself to circumstances by collecting information)。
3. 借用(Borrow):你可以向和你一样有类似处境的人,借用一些想法与反应模式(You could borrow your ideas and your reaction patterns from others who appear to be in similar circumstances to you.)。
4. 组织(Organize):你可以用让你比较容易回应的方式,将源源不断进入的资讯组织起来(You could organize the incoming information in ways which would make it easier for you to react to it)。
5. 处理(Process):你可以利用标准的处理方法处理资讯,这类方法是可靠的改变程序(You can process information by using standard processing devices , such techniques are no more than reliable change procedures.)。
6. 分辨(Clarify):你可以试图去弄清楚自己如何对资讯做出反应,这意味着你要用某种注解方式陈述自己的想法,并对之作出反应(You can try to find out how you are reacting to the information .This means trying to set out your thoughts in some sort of notation and then reacting to this.)。
在这些情形中,基本的过程是对资讯的反应。你必须要注意搜集资讯,然后注意各种资讯的处理方法,才能做出最恰当的反应(In all these cases , the basic process is the reaction to information. One needs to pay attention to the collection of information and then to the various tools for processing it , in order to reach a point where an appropriate reaction is triggered. )。
你可以为思考做的实际事情是(The practical things one can do about thinking include the following.):
1. 要意识到过程(Be conscious of the process)。
2. 花点时间在思考上(Spend some time on it):许多有用的思考并非在特殊的思考期间产生的,而规划、革新、改变,则通常需要一些慎思熟虑的思考时间(Most useful thinking is done outside special thinking sessions. Planning, innovation, change often require some deliberate thinking time.)。
3. 发展态度(Develop attitudes):态度并非技巧,态度是总体的反应(Attitudes are not techniques. Attitudes are general reactions.)。
4. 发展工具(Develop tools):思考的工具是用来改变周遭资讯、让资讯看起来更有意义(Tools for thinking are tools for changing information around until it makes better sense.)。
5. 小心犯错(Be aware of mistakes):思考过程中很重要的一部分,就是要注意可能会发生的错误(An important part of the process of thinking is to be aware of the possible errors.)。
6. 避免抑制的过程(Escape from inhibiting procedures):你所发展出的态度或程序,并不见得在每个领域都适用,有时它也会产生抑制效用(One may have developed attitudes or even procedures which , while useful in certain areas, can be restrictive in others.)。
水平思考的三件事(The three things about lateral thinking)
思考的基本要点同样可以应用在水平思考,为了能增进水平思考的能力,必须做以下三件事(The general points about thinking apply as well to lateral thinking. In trying to improve the ability to think laterally, one does three things):
1. 发展能引起改变、新想法的态度(Develops an attitude toward change and toward new ideas)。
2. 避免垂直思考的抑制作用(Escapes from the inhibiting restrictions of vertical thinking)。
3. 开发各种技巧与工具【包括新的操作性语言】(Develops techniques and tools 【including a new operational word】)。
以上三件事是交互影响的。接下来,会谈到一些水平思考的方法,阅读这些方法,并且加以应用,你就会懂得水平思考的态度,以及垂直思考的抑制倾向。同时,你也会学到如何运用一些技巧;更重要的是,这些技巧能提供你练习水平思考的机会,一直到它成为一种反射性的技巧。新的操作性语言-PO,就是水平思考态度与练习的结晶(These three things run into one another. In the following pages some of the techniques of lateral thinking are described. In reading about the techniques and in using them, one becomes aware of the lateral thinking attitude and of the restricting tendencies of vertical thinking. At the same time one learns a technique that can be used. Above all, the techniques provide a formal opportunity for the practice of lateral thinking until such time as it becomes an automatic skill. In particular, the new operational word PO serves as a crystallization of the attitudes and practice of lateral thinking.)。
参考资 料
1你具备独立思考吗?如何塑造自我观点? 5大技巧让你靠 …
启程教育学院
2【创意思考五大方法】跳脱直线思考模式,让你创新行销不卡关
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