
٣һԴϣȨ߻ԭ浥λӭҵ;                          
ڣ鱻롶йƬͼѼйƬͼѼڱ󣬻ӭɢ  
ۣصַhttps://www.bannedbook.org  ǽhttps://git.io/jww                                  




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ëͳڶ񣬲ĹҾ޴ƽٵ䣬ʷϿν޽Сͺ±ѵĿ־壬ʹë乬͢춶֮СȨıʹйԾȥǧĴ󼢻ĺĻ

ⱾëʮרҽĻ¼УëҲǵһ˱۲רƱ(Seutonius)ġʮ¼ԡ»ľȨ㤾ı֣ɫȮ̰Űס̺ɱ顣߱˲ʶЩ޿ƥ˹(Procopius)ڡʷһУ̢ʵ۲ʿ¶ȴȱ̵˽⡣ʩ(AlbertSpeer)ʶϣգĹͬȤڹսʷֵŮٺ׼档غϣյ˽ҽռǽΪٴϡ

Ī(Moran)ġ񼪶ͺɶ(Herndon)ġֿϡΰ˽˻¼ʷī춱ĴǣΪ޽ǿʷ¼ϵչռ䡣йͳУÿġעҲֻÿλʽסˡزݵĽɫٽ¶µĸˡʹڡ塷йʷ鹹С˵УҲͶǸԡ

֮£־ҽⱾ¼Եøأṩһֹ۲¼ֳ֪µĶ

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ë˵ˮ㡣ܺ޾ɫиΣںҹйء

۳ë׷Զıëͬ־ڵأЩȥȻëδֱһִٳЩ硣һëĻᣬλܵսȺڴϽܹڦëƸ߼쵼ҽƱܾ׼һЩ˽֢ܰƣΪΪľĹ԰ˡŮѵʹ࣬޶ԡҲΪκ;üƻϵĳ֡˽ʹֻΪ˿䳼ӡκ˽УԳӺ֮ȥ֮ǻŵĻ

ҽƼëйʷ顣ëͳеȨƭŻػع֮á߳˱ͻ֮ʹܵҲֲվͬһŻɡë΢Ц̴ţλܺ߾һ·Ϲлȥ

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ררߵĸϢϢءëһȨŬƶȣһƶͰٰĹУһǰδе塣

ĵ⣬ëתĪ˹ƽˡѡѵҽԭ֮һҲγҹ̸Ļ⡣ëҽйͼһ塣ëѰë־Ҫйʽ峬ԽԭʼģʽйȽˮ׼ɾͽʹ崴ʼĵáԾëͼȱڹģʽŬĻٴ˴ʧ֮£̵顣

һӵڶƶ˿ڣԱĴ½ңëȺ׷󾭼óɳʶ̬ĿȡԴ˽һӴĲԴĹҵṹˣëЩʵ

ũӵܣŴԾһƬƬ˼ĵҽԣëΪҪɹǷ١ΪԼУ

ëΪйʷпѧ쵼ȨԶִ̱̽ȵԺ˶Ϊǳ֮ᣬëŷ˽̡Ұ֮ʣĵȶóԲꡣ

ë˼Ƴҷ񶨣βؽ綨Լֵ׼ˡһɹ飬׼ǩڹȺ˶϶ɵƣÿλ֯ķСûκμȨƶܽ˴еοֲӵ˼¡͸뾭áΡʶ̬Ļ˽˵˼档˻Ƹ쵼ȡȨڵ޷ӭë֮ĲŬʱϧҡȺϵֽ֮ؽͳϡ

쵼ײУʮʮ˹ͬⶨشߡǵĸȨȶȫëĹϵҽЩ쵼ͬ־칫ϵμҪ顢ͣﲿ̬쵼˿ɾĵ¹ܴϺ֮䡣ëҳװ豸޷뱣иȫľ߼¼·ᣬëְ

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һ˴Уëͬۼ˹˶֮ƣë˼ų춵֮⣬ʹڷԸ˳ݣëŬëҽѳЩδ׿ϡвëͳΡ³ϣͽ⡣ҽдëӾԲĻܻʾչйڹĿˡ

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󼢻Ŀʼᣬë˾Ȩߡ쵼ָõͬʱ˵Ϊʬ⡱˽±Թǲѯֱսʱһһݣͬʱũ帯⣬ʹͷתһв׵㷢Ļ

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ë˽ҲΪ˥࣬⡢䡢ȣ޷Ƶģͱ£ʹȾɥë黨ǲ֮ʣͼĿëҪΪϵĴʱڹȦͬٵֱһȨٱë谮ŮƣܸӽȨԴͷ

ҽгֱ˻УΪʯĲʹʲѣڴоСʱδܼëֻëʱĿ˯ܶëŸָʾճе·ߣصëȫȨֻܶΪ翵ͻñܳãԼԴ˵ķŭȡ

ë׷Уֻܶڹط籣ĳ̶ֳȵľ롣

ǣҽͬɴΪΪΣܰ쵼׼ϻ㱨֮٣ҳĴΪܡ

ᣬȫйܰ롣ëڲڼ䣬ҳȵҪͷǱȥǻֻŮԴ糣ˣݣָëʱҲȻ޾塣ëԽ˥ᣬΪɻȱһӣֻΪֻܽëԡ

ҽ̹΢ЦԲëڶҳУرͻֱı顢͵ЦݣĴ磬ڶڲסܵѵҽʺ̬ƺ˵ĲŸɣ˵㣬ʹԵر𲻿ɶáҽĲȫǡɱ֤ëİȫϢϢءëı֮棬ҽҩάλһһϰ˵Ľ

аĳ̶ֳӶˣܳΪػʹҽΪʷԹߵľ乤Ҫ֮һʱβѹëʱʱ£ǲҽ뿪ڹĳ۲죬档ڹУҽòֵѡëϯ⣬ı뾯ֳˡʹƫģͬʱҲṩ˽⹬͢εප

ҽ뿪йᣬ㼸ȫٷʷĨй緢еĴë鼮УֻһἰԵأ´ָ·δڹӰǶ޷޸ĵļ¼ӰƬƬУĳЩɿԴҲȷݡչٷͰٷ֤ʵеϸڣͬ춴ǣǶԵʹëĹʹͳεȨеѿЩ档ûκһٷǳһҽʵë񡣴йëҲйʷκһλרߡУ΢һ

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һй־ͨë󶫵Ӣ

Ϻ¥ᣬڡƽʱ֪ϲӼǣиƪ£Ȱѡһƪǳȥ

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һصһ飬ʣµʮռǣЩǻѾˣһΰɡ

ڶֽҽȥˣ£㲻Ҫգ㻹աϯĳ״ˡҪֳȥͳ˴⡣ٲҰ



˵ѾˣҲûпյˡ

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һ˰ﱻᣬ浳ϧ˵̫ϧˣʮռǡ

ܱҲû¡±£ӹ֮Ϊߴңдһεľ

һģҶӢҽԺ塣϶Ҷ̸ͬ¡˵ëϯ˶ʮ꣬ʱɲˡӦý֪£д˳Ҳʷ˵ҪһЩΪ

ֱ־ҵңҪͶ塣ԸȿǡҲԸͶ塣

ΪôĹ۲죬ǽĻ£߲ǱΪɣԷ˵ĳƺţûһ⡣ֲд蹦̵£̫ƽ¡

ֲԸҵЩľû޴棬ʰ䣬׫д¼һ꿪ʼִʣ϶д˶ʮ౾ҲûΪûйĿԣοҲ֮ȡֻΪҺȥ껪ѩצɡ

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Ѯ浴Ů浼ΡÿҪչ浵ʳƣȻ浶ᵽľʱأ

ʮѮðƼתֱ£ҽԺסԺơ෽ȣΪ˥ߣһŰ˾һʮȥǰһٶңҪһľʮед˵һдΪ㣬ΪңҲΪǵϧҲٰˡ

һŰ˾£ҵ棬ȡ˾ɼǺʹȫϣʼдһǶ浵õļһ棬ͿԽЩţֱ飬ܻ䣬Է

ⱾᣬܹϧԼҸǽҺ浶Ը

***

˶ʮѪսһľйȡ񵳣ͳй½л񹲺͹

죬ڰĴǡҴĴнܣйίԱţϣһȥҷۣͬҵһصƽ

ҵй칫ɽﲿǨϺϺﲿ

ҹڷܣܵйһЩ߼ɲһ㹤ԱѡΪй칫йֱصļ׵ȹģ뵳ΪϺﲿΣΪϺ칫ΡҽѧѧίԱḱ鳤й칫ҽԺԺ

һ꣬־ֳƼͨй칫빫ͬ⣬ܶ׼ұΪë󶫵ıҽᲢëҽ鳤ӴˣֱһëȥΪֹΪëרְ˺ͼ໤ˣڱȥأߣΪʱʮꡣ

ҳεëϰڲͬʳ˯߶ûһʱ䣬ǡʱʳ޳˵һʮСʱ֣֮ҹ֣֮塣һй˽ӼԪףԸΪ֪ͨȡͻȻжʹ߹ԱҲһжʲô

ϹڲܣǿƶȣëԹ涨Ҫ˵ʵ״λ˽һ֮У񻯸кȨС

һǰҳ̩ɽߣΧƺһضԽϸʹҲ

һᣬ𽥴ϣʵʡԭԱһȥǰ̨ľֻװ⣬һ̨ʵڡ

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ëԽʯȻΪУȫ񶨵̬ȡΪǿҵģ˵ʯҶֻһй־ͬϡ

쵼еĶȸۡһνɶ

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ҲǸëдǣֻΪëıҽڶʮķУҵţ֮飬Լһ빲İ浣ûǰҵֺ֧һٹҲдⱾ顣

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λӣȫΪֻöëĻҶҪ͸롣

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桢Ŵšĺ˴ʱߵëǰһ˴Ľﶼˣ׼ࡣ

վǣë֣о΢ʱסĴźիϵһžʹµ˭

ëʮʱĸţȴܾԲǴҲڣëĵӡëһ겻˹ξֵļҷԣ뽭Ӱ顣˵Ӱʱڶº񡣵һľλ쵼˵ӣȴ޷ʵȨᷳòźֱĻھŴεϱѡΪξίԱŵȨƴ̼϶ëͽ೤ë顣ëָ֮Ժͱ˽飬ԸĻ󣬽ȥ̨ݡֱë·ڶļŰϺĴźի½һĴӡ

ҡҡ˵ͬ־ϯͬԺ

Ȼëϣͼο⼸Ľÿһһº󲻾ãʱΪϯίԱḱϯëնӰˣȫйΪëܵսֱ뱳ë߻ɱֱļƻ¶֮ҶȺͶһ׼Ǳӵɻȼþɹŵ¶׹٣Աȫֱ¼ëξɥ޾ɣҳʧߣ춲ˡ

ͳɭһ߶µһйʵļǰëԿҽκҽƴʩֱɭԤִǰëĽ״ٲƣ޷ⳡʷԵ⽻Ҹơ

ʱĲأȫָǲܵġϵƣβȾõƣ๦Ժתˮˣֱɭʱ¶·ľ˫ˮ׻ûȫԣԭĲЬȥصһ˫ЬʱԺѡϺӾſӭɭͳë鷿󣬾ڽӴϽ豸׼ãԷһҲǵ̸

ʮëٲ̵ϰ߻ķΣס׺׷Ŀݣֻԣҷβܳ㹻ĿֻܽڼμУʹüһһܷйʱ͵ƺ

һȷëĲ²ɭۺ֢()һֺҩɾȵ˶Ԫ(ڲӲ֢)Ҳͼڣ׺ʡࡢ֡˶ϸ𽥱ڹױϵͳƣֲַʡ˶ϸֻܻꡣΪ̱βķȾʣʳƱظ˥

뾭ǵװθʳӰļ֯ʧȥãѡֽδЧƷ

ëĲרϵĶ񻯡ʹëģ--ԷĥࡣëһѮһξУһļ¶ʮǵڶΡη춾¶աҽȫ֪Ҫ٣û˸ԡ

ëϯں

˵ϯģа취ʱһۺëճ֣۶ʱ¶ɲǵϲùʡųسһۺشҵ䣬ĵͼʾϳֵһƽƽĺߡҿϵֱǾ¾ʱʮ֡

ëδʹҸеѹʮÿ춼ʱëңϯÿ顣ѲκεطЩҲֻëҽһĵĶ֣Ҽ֪ϸ֦ĩڡ֮⣬ҿʱõˡ

Ҹտʼë̩ɽйľǣҵǡһʱ̡öǰǸȫƽȣֹйʱǹԱҶġһʱˣҶĵͼƽֱʱͷëĳȥˡ

ͷ˲伴ţг־塣һʲô³Ϊëרҽⳤ

̧ͷãȻܡÿһ˵ɫֹǶλ߳һʱķŶôͬӵ顣תݺݵض˵ôεģҪΡ

ָ֮СľٶжıʮǰǾʹòáǰҲһ߶ָ꣬еһԱ

ߵԣһֱֵ࣬ҽͬ־ǶְˡǺæ˵ĸһֱֵࡣ

Ĳʮ꣬ξίԱԭϺһҷ֯ȫɲȨײٶ֮죬ʹȡ˸ʽɲ

Ĵºšû֪ëΪϲˣѸٵøߴӢǸͰֻѧ̶ȣѧֻŪСй쵼ײûκιס£ëĽشʱҸëۣҾܾˡΪ˻Ҳص쵼ˡëҲδùۡ

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˵ҽÿǣǶҲû˵꣬˵Ϊʲô֪ͨң

౨üëĲ顣ָҽ˵أǻѱ顣ŭʲ׼ү˵ҽĻֻ֮һ

¶ʮգǶë񻯵ʽկѲ顱գ绰Ӵկ߻رһ£˵̫ƣˣͻԼסûѯë

գëѽ봹Σ״̬ÿһҽͻʿ֣˵ӦˡƺΪëᵱȻӹȨҲ쵼

ҽ˶о֣ΪʲôԴëأҽЩˡ

˵ⲻ֡Ϊ谭ȡȨˣϯ

ʱŴű˫֣Űֲۿŵϡ

һԵëԶɫ࣬ȥƺʲô

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ǺҽʿüĿǵȴоҫ˵Щʲô

ҫʵʱй칫Ρֳָ뾯ų뽭϶ʱӵ൱ȨҪְй칫ΣǾ־ֳ浳ίǣԼ뾯ŵίǡ뷢ξһĶ

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ͬ־лл

Ķ˵ϯ˯Ϣң֮⣬˭Ҳȥļããҡһ˵һȥŸڽĺ˵õģͬ־

ʱҫܻ߳˵Ժֵ˺ͱˣûпϵǿֱ

˵ʲô

ǹ̸ʱ͸ϯǿֱëûдֱϰ--޳--ֻʿӱǶŶյ˼ѧ߹ĭһ͸ëġ

йѧԺԺֱһ߰ȥëĺѣֻʷֵ˵ղŴҶæȣ˭Ҳûעֻ˵ҿëԶȥһˡ˵ûпҽû˭еáּæҡ

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ߵȣ뾯һһжֵľԱһжӵĽ̵Աڵ̺ϣ˵ԺҪ׼ãξֿᣬ̯ͷϣ¶Σܲˡ룬ܵȥأ޴ܡ

ϵһᱻıɱë󶫡

Ҽҽ

ҵĴ̫ͬҽԺù٣²ù١Ҽഫһʷʵͬλʵۻ÷ֻ̫׼ҽˮΣð˵λϵĲˮŭͷϵ£ժñͷءûɱժȥﵱԴʱҪñ磬ñӷԱߡҪҽûк³ҼԾҽҩңҴ˵Ҫҽԣûҽ

ұΪëҽҪϼٿǡ޷ؾҳְüΣë˻ȥ

ֻҵļ˺׽֪ҹʡ˽ҹܾҲк³ǳңΪëרҽܻбҽ֡

һһҵֶ˵ڹϳе̫ëϯĽȫȫ񶼼ĵĴ£һλίԱĹ⣬ָ㣬ɾͲðˡ

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Դһ߶һëĲ˥ߺԽԽرϵͳ֢״ԺҾ뵽᲻ᷢһʷġҽıɱ¼ëȥǰ죬ҳһӵʱ䣬ؼһˡϰ࣬ѧֻϱķڼҡҽ޿޴´һСߡҴ㣬ҽıɱ¼Σʱ´뿪ǰҵÿ￴˿룬ټɣˡΪ׼ڷʮ򾲡ëǰһͷǡ̡ʱھѾǡˡ浸ңϱķͬ˵Ժôææػˣһǳʲô顣ڱɲҵıķС

Ҹ˵绰Լ̸ʲô£ôҽ̸

ǹʹлεδˡ˶Чҽ췴ɡĻλǽౣģΪû൱ʸ

ڿеңû˯ѵӡһҾʲôôš˵

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ҵİ칫ʱơ⻹ˡܣһλűѧоԱһλ쾲֯ѧоԱĿͣԴš

ǱȽϤԺ賿ıΪʲôȻôš˵ĻԺͷɱɱҹǽʻ飬춨ԭǼ춨򲻷췴ɺ˼ǾҪһٵûʲôŪûҪϷͬ鷴ñӡǰЩҹȥǹɱǱȥʣұڹ²ŷų

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㲥϶ëϯĲȥôᷨģ˵һŴӡĸ飬㿴

ҼæùһΡȿڻ෽ƣҽЧһ¾ʱʮڱԺû¿ʽĽˡҽŽ黺

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Ҫκþ豸졣˵ʱҶӢ߽ҵ

ѸߵҶӢԪ˧ʱɭۺ֢ڵĹԱ֮һҲžĴʼ֮һҶǶĵξίԱ

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˵Ҫܡ

ʱ߱ʽգԲ֪жξֳίߴ¡ܸ֪顣

ߵëסҼ没ңͷҽþߺܶ࣬ǽᵽԱһ󷿼ڡⷿǿյģܱ춹˳Ϊʱ̫ƽ䡣϶ʮĶȣ֪ͨԱµ͵ʮȡԱ˵ɲУ׳Ƕڣرͬ־¶ҪϡҪȸǣͬٽ

ֻصң˵ҪµɡǶӦýѿ꣬ɢˡ߻Ǽʱ̫ƽ䣬šѽִӹɶעڡ

˵Ϊñ档Ƕסˣ˵ⲻܰ쵽Ҳ֪ʲô˵ûзҲøɡԵҽѧѧԺͼݲûⷽ顣

쾲ȥͼݡһСʱ绰˵ֻ鵽ϳڱһЩ취ҪĵСʱڹע֣ͬԼʮʮൽ֫ĩȥбĸоͿˡ˵ʵûаգʾξ֡

Ҵ绰ˣ˵һЩ巽Լоʾһ»ɡëڼ䣬סӾԵֵңʱûߡ˵˵ֲϿᣬǿҲûãҶǾɣûбķ

һصʱ̫ƽ䣬ʱ˻ҽѧоѧϵһλճµʵϰоԱͱҽԺƵǹͬעעֱʮʱ࣬һ˶ʮĸ֣Ϊ˱֤á

ë󶫵δ䣬׵򣬲Ӹͷһ֣ƤҺëǳҲģŹ֣ȫ˵ˡ

ԱͷԱ߽ʾʮֲָ˵ǽϯӣͬ𣿡쾲ţűһɫ԰ףƺҪѡҼæ˵ŲҪ뷨ӡʱҲθı̫󣬿ѹעҺò˵֫ûйϵ·סҪͲҪ취˵ðĦԽ沿Һൽȥ

ǿʼë޻༷С༷沿ʱԴЩҼձƤһС飬Сŵû˵ҪԻװ޻մϷʿֺͻɫͿȥȻˡ

ĸ˼ֱ༷ʱ沿ȥ٣ҲˣȻܴ֡ЩԱͷԱΪȻףԽˡǽ׼õɽȥظͣϵťֻۣý¼ı߼ǿá

ʱظϵξίԱ½ڴʱݾ˾Աˡй˾֮һʱ빲ҲҴĳӢ֮һƶũʱƶУδܹ̻ʶ֡Ǹŵˣδϲ࣬ëʼĲ

ëϹΣë·ûдã˿ظƤͻȻңϯȥǰж٤ꣿ޷ش˵˶жʮ٤꣬ϯж٣ֻش𲻳˵ôҽҲ

죬һǲ٤ꡱʲôҶ̵Ѹ˵ͽ˶жʮĸ٤ꡣ˵ţȦ˵ôߣϹ˾񣬳ȥˡ

»ױ·ëʺɫףӺཻĹ졣ʮҹҲëԼʮСʱǽëϾȻҸëڳڡȻʻϺţ·ڰֻıֱֵáë彫հһݡ

ëغȨŶȫڡļսϡëԶ³⼸ӾѾûʲôˣÿҪëļȡļëһһʮʮѲӴϱʱ·人Ͼ˾־ί̸̸¼ëģëһֱûзر𽲵ֱһ⣬Լëرǽ˰

Ӿʮһյʮյĵհڼ䣬סð칫˲֪¡ȵҫʱϻϺӾأ˵ֻпЩļΣȨļˡЩļǵģ˲á޿˵ͬ־ξίԱϯˣëԶϯԱϯֶӣҹܲˡ

˵Ǻãռļ㽫ȡߵҪҪļûиţű˻棬绰ֻýļأͬʱɧ˵ϯʬδ͸ˡļȡغͿġ

ڴͬʱҳ屣飬ȫҽѧԺУĽʡﻯѧϵרҵоԱʮ˲μӹ

ойŴİ취Ϸвͨѧ߷򵽵һЩŴʬ壬ȻԱãȴڵûб¶СѧΪЩʬķҺǹЩʬһӴͿʼˡ

оԱǰӢоθС켼ϣйѴԽӢѧԺëӢĳͼٶˡ

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ײ屣Ĺڵհڼ漴չǵĹصڡһŹ̡ڡ

һ¶й䱦װͻëˡڶưԡĺ٣ڱܽ˵ͨűΪһŹ̡

ȿԲвͨá찲šϺֱǰסëйžҽԺ¥£ֱͨɽԱսʱΪʱָӲת֮ãҽԺ¥СҽԺ豸ȫΪ֮á

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ҵһοҸķѧԺʦǵļ̾Ϊֹľëˡ

ֻ֪ڸеëëһڵҽԺղһꡣڼÿݶȥ쿴ë󶫡ҽԺڱ֪ڱʲôһλ찲ŵļ깤׼չʾëʱë--ԼǼ޽ĸ--һת˵µĴ޹

˺ë屣йҽѧѧԺ֯ѧоԱ쾲㱻ָȥë壬Ϊëϯù־ֳ

ԴÿƵйϰպÿͣǰհ--йϯʮҵˡΪպһ帯ܻٻĴƷ

һʮգҲëһܶ࣬ʱ찲Ź㳡׷ᡣǴʱ찲ų¥Ķ̨ȣ̫վǻӺꡣԴӹй֮ëФ찲ų¥ϣǡŽꡱԼл񹲺͹ꡱĸںš

ȫйͣڣȫйصĹͻʾȫ֮ĬӡȻȫصĹλаȫµµʡ

ҿ˺ðĳƣͻȻûҡ濪ʼʱһ˻Σþȫû赹ԴëѮһļԺѾĸ¹²ҹֵÿ˯߲СʱԭһʮҲһٶʮֵʱֻ֪һжʱҾͿԺú˯һҲһԻصҼߡ

ʱҲŻصϺԺ󣬾˯ˡո˯˵绰֪ͨң¶ʮʮʱöҽйξȫ鱨ëĻԭҽҽȫμӣұ档˵λҪҪ׼á

ҺλҪġëȥ󷢱ġȫȫȫ顱ֻھξίԱμͨģصξίԱʱûиϵʮյĻȫίԱμӣͨҵı棬˵ٷʽͬëϲȻɣҽҲΣλϵҽԱĽˡ

ҵټҽҽǣ˵֪ͨҳۺ󣬾ִдۡҶд棬ʮһҹδ˯ʮдꡣǷݱʮҳϸһ߶һ˥ȹ𽥳ϵͳ֢״ֱļʵḶ́ƺԭ򡣺󾭴ۣ޸˼Σ󶨸ʱǶʮ硣

ʮҴݱȥˡ˵ˣҪһ濴Ҽȥ˻

˺˵дúϸҽѧ̫࣬ξֵͬ־ǲҪȷ˵ʲôԭģҪĸġûͬ˵ΪҽѧҪΪЩʶϸĿѧ壬ܿﻯڱʱԽ˵ЩʣԭΪڵҪ඼˥״̬˵춵һԭǿֱԭԺ˥ߡ

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ʮʱ룬ҫͬǵöξίԱѾɳΧһԲȦɳһȦΡڻҶӢı

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ҶӢ͵ʱ˾عͷңϯϵڰô£˵ϯδݣζзףȱʮأ賿ʱʮȥģͬ־ʱʮСʱǳʬߡһСʱͿʼ֡

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Ϻҫʾ˵δкҸ㣬Ҫͬҽһ£Ҫξֵ£鷳Ⱥξ־緹ʱҽĻߴҺ󣬴Ҷü͸ӳԲ·ˡ

˵⣬֮ǣ˵¶ѣΪǱ绤ĵǽࡣëΣָҼҽǽࡣҲȻĺŴŲμֵ࣬Ҫ˵¶ҽʧҲΡһģĿǰȨδƱҪҽû⡣Ժûҳϯξֻ顣

ҹĹһڣʮһչǰôҷֱصԭҽԺҽ˶棬δȻҲܽڶëȥԺ󣬹ڵȨӽС

ëǰ£Ҳʱ͸¶ҪļƻȻԽĮģҲһֱǿͿģ֪ʱ˰༴ʹһëȨյƶ̬һ

ֻҪδҽҲѲ⣬ëʱܳΪָصİѱ

ҶԣʹȨʱĻ˰ﱻ˭˵׼һζֻںʱǳϺԹ۶ʮ任Īĵ

ë󶫶ʮרҽĲΣ֪Զᰲȫ




һƪ һľ--һ

1

ҶʮڰĴѩҽʱҴӱֽϵ֪δһǹһƽҵĹ磬һľһʮһգʱԽСƽеӭǵġšڹ쵼ײ׼ƽл񹲺͹׶ƽҲָԭ--սδĻҶȷõյʤ

ҵϼңʮǰס游˽ͳĺԺϼҸԣϲ׼ǽ߶ƽԺԺݣܹʮ䡣ϽǵϷ--ҲһרΪʳɫߡ

游ҳǰ͹ˣĻڼеһ䷿ڣÿӵܶᶨھڴˣݡǰҽȻ游ʩʮʴȡҼԱ⿪һҩ̡֥áṩѵҽϺҩƷһͱطԿСǵĿԣӦƴǡ

ҵĸԣԽ˸˿˺ܶ࣬ĸײ׼ҳź͡ҰӡһˣС𣬼ڴҳΪҽҽҵҴҲΪ־ѧҽ

常ҵڱҽרѧУҲǸƺʩҽа˺ʱԸǰȥҽȾʮӢţ׺һֱסһ𡣸ͬסĻͬĸĴ硣Ҹڵһ̫̫ȥ󣬱ĸ׳ɻ顣

ҸΨһδм̼Ҵ²ˡһŶμڹѧ˶ĸ׺ǰѧһȥࡣܶͬѧ˳Ī֮

ܺΪ쵼Ҹȴ˹񵳣Ϊʯµĸ߼Ա

Ҹ׻عʱһλ̫̫һסʹȫߡĸǸͳйŮˣʶ֣СţԸӡʱй˿ԺϷӵ̫̫Ǹӵ֮ķСϼû

ȻˣҸ׵ķ̫̫º񣬽̶Ⱥܸߣڱѧ̷ġ

رãǹҳԡҿԴĸʱķŭͼҷиеҸ׵ĲҲǵҳ˺𽥶ġ

ͯʱҸסǺټһ棬ҵĴǸӰ졣ѵ̵Ҫ׺ͷȺҸ׿ȨơעصҸȴ;̫̫ع󲻾ãȥϾͶʯȨ󷨹̫̫ȥˣҸҲδȢת۳ӵܡҶ׷ɫȮое߳ܣĳΪҽҸ񵳵Ĺϵʹ񵳣ͽ˹ҲҶҸ׵ҲҺëʧԭ֮һ

һ󲿷ֵйһǻѪйǧ֡ʫʡȷḻʷŲΪ١ҶԽй˥еСѧʱҶһӢѻƬսйսܣԼձͶ֮£峯ĵйķѲаܣɢйɡҴС֪Ϻͬ·ӱ԰һԶıʾ--빷ڡ--ʹҷǳŭҸ˶й˥--Ҳνġ۹塱

һһ꣬ʮһʱձռαݹĸ׺뱱ݡĶѧѧͶܵȫʽӢѧУڽŨһ꣬ʱʮϴΪͽ

ʱҲӴ塣ͬĸĴһϺ𵩴ѧҽѧԺʱμйָԣ˵ܲѰȫƾһɾȹٺͶƶʹĹػҸҪȥ죬ȥ

Ҵÿĩ̽ǡ̵ʱа͹׼ѹȣܹƽָ񵳵ĸܺͲԸձȨųŹȫڶԿտܡ

ҳҴ磬еа--һǿйҵļ鼮˵ֻйܾй--ºëľǡԴëΪйǡҵ֪ݵ³ѸҲֹ֧ʱҵ

Լڴʱһ꣬ĸ׵ĸŮҽһλѧͬѧ浡Ǽһ顣ҲǳԣĻͽʮǲŽ顣ڼ䣬ʹսʹԽԽڵرңǶᾡ뷨Ӵͬһط

ձҺĸ人һǵִĴ׸졣

ʯһ꽫׶Ǩ졣һ죬ڽʯŵΧؽɽɳӰ»ءҴһλҲȥˡ

һ꣬ĴɶЭʹѧҽѧԺͶУһǰɼô̻졣ձռ챱౱ЭҽѧԺĽʦѧɶһһ껪ЭͺͱЭҽѧԺսʱУѧ˷ջᡣУд󲿷ֵĽΪˣõӢĿαִܵѵұҵʱƾ--ЭʹѧҽѧԺŦԼѧҵ֤顣

ԭ츴ѧѧתɶһѧУͶΪŮѧԺ

һձͶʵϰϾҽԺԺ豸ʮִҽǶΪְҵ־ԸǳΪƷרҡһʮһҺ浽飬ʱӢĻίԱͼԱ

ս漴ֵͨĻ̡̻浵нʱһ˸ߣһ൱һʮԪӢ֮ҵ൱ڶʮԪн΢ˣõйֽҡÿһнȥлҡһǮϽ֡׼ۿ쭣̫ƽʱҲ͵Ǯˣȷ׷״׵ס

ƬУͬѧλҽȥϰ۵ҽķᣬ浹ȥһİʮ£뿪Ͼǰۡ

δ۾ת޶˾ѩҽʱ޺ŦĴҽȶҲᵽۣ˷ӣӢ˹¡

Ϊ޵ʱʩСװߡҲҪǰ޺ͬסΪйˣҿڰ޶ھҽǮԶ޷Ϊ޹ҵĽʹߡסѩһСԢʶİ˶йûǰұøξɥֻΪǮҲסӢֳ--ۡҵĽҳΪͳ£ûѡȨ

ڹűʱʮܡȷʤζغ͵۹ԵĽйü

һľҸյĸ״ӱƽţҴһšսʱȥӰһľһʮһչձƽŹίԱ˱ƽܸ˻ϼңϣһȥ

дںȱٺϸҽ϶зҵĹȫҲžˡźìܣĿǰҵĹ൱ߣǵʣ浼ƻ޺žۡҿԽĸ׽ӳÿ¼Ǯȥû⡣

Ҳڰ޷ҽ־ԸйڰûзչᣬҾǮٶ࣬Ǹ뿪йֻûиĸƼһƮ㡣ҵİϣʹҹܼ尾

ǸʵĺԼһͬȥμӸУȻҹڡȣԾɱй˵ϰߡ޶˴һŮɯ׽ֵ׿ӻꡣ

Ҿߵңءҽŵ¸ûᡰװġ£ֻ˵²˾ġЦ˵Ǽ£Ҫú롣˵Ŀأʼ˵ͬ㲻һȫҶ

Ǳ߸ҵĴٸߣҲȥȻʵаװߣȫ˿̫٣ıסӦ磬ʲô£жٹʣ߱ȱȿ

Ļҵİ٣ҲںǮڹ쵼йɴ˸ǿ˵ʱ½Ҳֵá뿪ҵ͸д˷ţдȥҵĹΰš

ѮյţидżйίԱ谵һšйҽѧ֪ǳΨһһλܹѵĻҽһ곤ǰκëϯűӰĹսʱ˾ι쵼׼ҽдúܳϿңӭһȥû⣬ϣתҽԸȥģһɻӭֻδнˮĿҹʡ

ҿܳˣһλдŸң˵ϧ˲ţ˲ŽҵľġұŸж֪飬Ļȥ

ҶǰϦҵͬʱԼλйǿҵĻҽ

ףһ·ƽҪԺдţ˵ʣٻ

˭֪һʮꡣһŰӦҽѧ뵽޷ʱ˳ȥɯ׽ֵֽһҡӻ겻ˣҲûҵҵѡ

һľѮһصӢʵž֣ۡϺսѽ֮Ѿдͨӵ˴ڵˣв뿪۷ڵءһֵȥ˻λҵľʮϧ˵һɶð˸谵źĬ˺þãȻ˵ҲãȻȥõĻдҲȥûдŽ

ǰȥ浸ѧһλʦŽ׼ȥƽμйЭ̻顣ʱټ޵ɵĸ·Ӣ顣ǵʱ棬Ϊܸ֪ܳʶӡѧҡҡԱͷǹġʿʵȨͷԻᡣ¹ǵľͲй

ʮָ˵˵йϣӦûȥμӽ衣

һľйЭٰ̻һδᣬбͨл񹲺͹쵼Աë󶫽Ϊ¹͹ϯϯΪˡЭ̻ݱһЦ--ӹ˰ڵЭֻ̻Ǹƿ--źÿûɶôǶʶ򹲲ԵίԱԱɣȥ졣ʦЩ֮һ

һ걻ɣ·Ͷ졣һ߾ƽԩʱˣʧԼչԼˡ

һʼȺδչǰһֱùͳйǡ¡ҳݹΪйϣڡڰϹӣǰ;ããԺҽйҵĲܡÿεԼڰʱΪЩ˴ŵĸ󣬶Ժ

۸ǺסĻҽܸһλϵڼǰƶҽѡ֪ʶȥƽܣصƽԵҽѧԺ飬ҲߡƷûֱʿͿԡҷܵģȫ·ѶǳеƽдʳޡʡǮ

ⷬȻΪҴĺ⣬õСٺôʹ޻¸йǧĹٳ̰۸Ϊ̰۸ܡҶԻ˵Ϊġҿ³Է¡

ԺûͬλڱƽμйЭ̻飬ĳһɵĸ֮һԺҲ֪й鲿ˣɵۣɵɹ

ֱһ꣬ëҽһ̸УҸëξҶԴ˴µĿ֮ǣëЦ˵ӣӦöʣˮ㣬ֵġҴ̸ֱʱĭҵġ

һľۼΪ棬룬ҽصڱһָҽԺְҽϮҼҽҵͳҽѧѧλԣƶһɾΡһΪΰרҡҽѧҶԽǿйĹףǸйƽȣ̰

һľѮ۳˴صƽһ뿪ƽʮˣǼҶ˵Ҷˡǹ

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һ̻ᴴ챱ЭҽѧԺ˷ջ֮ʼһһꡣϺѧձֻڼǨ졣

ھݱһָһľʱйֻǧ߼֪ʶӡ



һƪ һľ--һ

2

ҿıǻããһƬľȫʧȥҶʱеĹʡ

꿹սս󣬱аܲǽദƺҲȾϱǷǹɲһϴɰɫƻɫĸɲһɴЬϰӣȫһʽ--ȫǼ̵ƽͷŮֱĶ̷ģǾ޽УҵĳͷҲ̹ۡͷ׷߸ƤЬڶ̷ŮɲͲ۵Ů䣬עĿ

ҼæҴҪľɾ浸ײ˲ЬͷֱʮĸͷȫˣݵôԼʮҾ˵㲻˰ɣ˵ˣȻˡ

ȴоɵ۴ͬƺ裬ˣȫĻӭȨĵֻмǻعɵϵѲ롣

մɩص̸ЩȻ˵Ĺ谸Ѿ˰šһҵ˹ҺͬšǺܴլӣͥԺʱǸսʤ˶˽լõءһԺӵıڼҡһλ޳ˣǰ񣬰һ˯ϡʮ꣬ڶʮУȻһˡ

ҵѧ;Ȼ˵зν˶ˣ̸ܶĹѾɺˣȥӺֱͬͳɡ

֮ǰйίԱִйϽֱ¡

ڶҵ˾ֱ󣬽Ӽҵ˵ǳӭҵϼˣȱҽ˵ˣͬһǹƣûйʣΪǸ߼ҽ·ЬӶᷢ㣬ǮҲһ㹤ԱЩÿʮСǮá

ʱĹƴΪ֣һɲ͹ԱĻʳ׼мɲСǸ߼ɲ׳Ļʳ׼ԺҲףԵõνƣǽҿԸμӡˡ

ԺܽšҾøأ⣬ҵ÷ĸסһһĸͱãԼҵĸ

һ£Ǵ۴ЩԪͻƽûйʿ֧һꡣһԺôأڳʱθҽԱߵһλ˵ͬ־˵ףš׽ҵɽͶѧɽﲿ

ν˵ȥ׼һ£һпȥɽһͬȥҾú֣ʼûҵƺһж׵ûأҴû˵ͶѧʶҵǲǵѧУ֪ûҽѧԺ͸ҽԺֻﲿôΧ̫Сˡ

浵Ĺˡҽ޷ŹֻʱȵͨعԱѵ׶԰ܲˣʱû˵Ĺðţǻ⿼ǻع£ΪϾӢĻίԱܣ۵ӢĻίԱȥ뵽ʱӦһͻĹʵİˡ

Ҵ簲ο˵ֻܹˣз֯䡣ʵ⣬Ŀǰ㻹еǮԺ

Ҳûٶ˵ʲô

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Ͷѧռɽ󲿷֣˿ڶַ࣬¡

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λľܲİɽҷɽϾĿɼιԶǸªСũᣬԣĳ˵ζ벻ַᡣ̵أ©ˮͷֻһΨһļҾһŴ--ľϵһľ--ûдǴûˮиéΪסڼª浲ͬסÿĩرϼʱŵԺž--ϴ衣

йũϰһֻ--ʮ㻹ĵ㡣ũٳ⣬ΪҽԼסһ䣬Ҽÿ춼ԡһªʳζҲɾ

ﲿҴһذũᣬ豸ʮּªȥ֧±ɵѪѹ⣬ûбļˡΨһҽҩƷǰ˹ƥ顢ʹǽҩ˿ֻܿԼľ飬΢ӵһЩôأ

ﲿΣʮҡҽԱжʮˣǶʮµŮũ壬ܹڵҽѵǶҵĵʾǳˡ

ֻС˿ּȣ֪˹ƥθðһϲͨ

е˵˵ҪˡϣһλҽԸϿΣҽѧ֪ʶѧ̫ˡŴˣҸôأ

һصѧʱһλѳҡѾʮһûм档ϹԱ빤ЩľڵڵͶѧﲿѧܴ󣬶ʮһڣ岽һڣѧУټ

ԺͻȻ˵㣬쵼쵼ҪҸһЩҪע£ողμӸ˽Ϳ󡣡˵Ϳˡ˵ҽ˿ϸʲôԷ˵㲻Ҫʲôط˵ҸˣͶѧʵʲô֪ÿ쿴ûʲô󲡣ʵڻķʱ䡣

Ц˵㿴ѧɽʵй쵼صڵأﲿΪعԱġŲãΪ˰ȫͱܣʱѵû˸㣬Ҫ𣿡ׯ˵ʱ䳤Ȼ֪ҪСﲿ豸ã˲࣬طҪӴҲҪǵ쵼̸̸ͬĵԭ



ʱҲָ쵼ͬ־˭Ҳ֪ԭɽһǵʱйǴڵءʱйУܶʱסڳסɽȪɽҲǹȥҵ԰ë󶫼סɽΧԷ¡¼ɽһԺΪ˴󴦡ס˵غͲӡ

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һڣй칫ֳɰ˴šƸ޵Ҫ쵼ײʳסиڹӦ(ʱҲڹֳ)쵼ײİȫͱڱ쵼ͬ־֮⣬ë󶫵ʿڱʱ谻ǣƳͻ

ҪΪҶеĸ߲㵳ɲ顢¼Լĵշ⣬ë󶫵ĻҪ飬ëļ񡢼ëƷĴѡɻҪ顣

鴦ʵʵĹд߸ɲ֪ͨҪһľ괦Ϊ²Ҳë顣ëҲ--ëӽࡢľӢҲר顣

Ҫ()ͻҪͨ()ǰ칫ܵĶšҪйĻҪ磬Ҫշܵ硢Աû籾ȫƾںӱżҿڵĻҪѧУѵֳԱҪԱᣬԴرڽСӺ󣬼½Ͳʺˡ

Ҫͨȫ쵼Ļļ

𱣴湲ĵʷϡйֱع˵𵳸ŵĺڹӦ

޵ú͸谵ϹϽ£ɽﲿ칫иɲıҵĲ˾ͰЩߵͽײɲ

ȻҲʶйصĴСɲƽʱûЩôСҶЩ˶ų羴顣ΪΪйĸǿ֣Ϊ˽йʱҲμ˹ļ࣬ˡ⣬ҶһŮɲ빤ԱҲżľ̬ȣΪЩҲǲƽϸĵʧĬĬзš

ҹȥûм¡йϣϣЩϡ

ҳΪйĵ³ԱҵڽʽУǰţл񹲺͹ʽ

һľʮһ峿ʱ𴲡Ǹ죬賿䣬޴£Թ緹Ժɽ˿ʱ찲Ź㳡

ǵִʱ㳡ѾȺӿ˳ŸʽĲ졣УƮĲһɨȺšл񹲺͹ꡱйꡱŸȺֺܼġ

ʮʱë󶫵쵼˶찲ų¥ϣȫ׶ҴһθëйľĿеӢۡҵһμëȻɽȴûмëֻʮ꣬ߴ׳˶壬ɫǰͷŨܣëһɽ(ʽΪë)һعñվһȺߵķǹ֮䡣ŵҲڳ

Ŀˣë̬ȴݶׯϣûһ˿ưҲ緢ʱĽʯüΣ̬Ƿǳ߰Ҫе˸׳Ƴδ˸е׽

ëȴȺȻëϿأܸȾйվˡ漴㳡Ⱥл񹲺͹ꡱйꡱҵ۳ᣬ޵ԺӿͷййԵһȥˡ

ҵĿУëϯһλʽġ쵼ˡһλʷߡܽ־úԶΪֻǸͨҽʱҿ벻Ժʮıҽҽ鳤ʱҲĲԡ

һľʮ£ëǰĪ˹Ʒ£ʷǩѺͬ˻Լһ»عëɽǨ뱱Ϻ(ΪϽǵ԰)й칫֮Ǩ롣йҲ̰ڡʱҪԱǨϺΪϺɽСˣΪɽɽһԱë˻ʱСסﲿҲ֮Ϊ֣һֽϺھ³ƣרŸëλǵıҽƣɽﲿĴ󲿷ˣΪɽﲿɽ

ûзһ£ҾͲ뿪ɽôԺʮƱһˡ



һƪ һľ--һ

3

һ꼾ӺܶࡣϺרΪǴǷķƣһԱסϺ̨ȾԴסϺﲿΪðûнӦļƶ֣ܶΪ̨ëס԰üݺܽëܵӶҧȾԴע١

йϺﲿﲿεĹɽﲿǨϺǿߺҽơͬﲿϺʼһתۡ

ﲿϺˮضǽһԺ䡣طԭǬ¡ʵϢĵطǬ¡ʵľƶҶȻţʧޣʻѾ䡣һǰûˮϺϵĻﲿƬݵһΪᣬһҡҼȻªͼ򣬵ɽʱҪ걸Щ

һǰйίԱйڳڵķӻû޺ãʱкüί»½һżʴοᣬԼ²ľʱδ˳ӢסھԶõԸΪİ˸ĺԺС

ϺﲿҽУֻܹѵԾҸҷ䵽һСᡣҰᵽȽϴϴȥ浺ǻеĶرͬס

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ͶˣȻϣ̧ͷЦĻԵμ̸ô࣬ѵá

һһڸ͡ҽԺԺëϯӣҪ̣˰ҽӵҪ̰Ѱκá˵ԣʱÿκõġһϯҪȥ̣ȥ˷Ը˵ȥˣѺͬ־㣬չʱС˵ϯģչˡһֱչܺͬ־ֱ˳ҽӵδ˵˼Сһֱûۣ˵һ쳤֮ǰѾӣϷʱǼũңһֱûһǡ˵ʱʮֳּ죬ǰҲ顣˼ڰ׿ˮͣһ˵ҲȲ裬Ҳκδ̼ʳƷ

ת仰⣬˵·ʱҵAB(ʲάţ־ǹɵڵ֯)ϯҡʱùνˣ岻á

ϯҺܺúΣʱһƥÿһֻһֱڡ

ʱǺݳƷÿһֻ޷ҺȲ裬˵ҽǰ¸ʹ˽ϯҶرǳ֮ǰڽĺڼ䣬Ȥ˵Һ֪һЩϯǰ㽲ˣԺϯкܴ

Цֽϯкصʧߡڸ͡ͽʱ˻װˣϺ˷ǣǷۣ˯ǰˮһСǷۣһƬҩƬ취Чϯǳˡ㿴ҶϯĹϯͬ꣬ûá

עң˵㵽ϯǶǵĸ߶Ρ⹤ǳ٣Ҳܼޡ

˵ԱϷˡ˵ϯҪͬԷñд㡣嵭С˺һ͵ÿһֻϰߣ

ֽ˸һСѾƣҲС뱭Ʊ˵ƽʱȾƣͬһ㡣ڳԷ˵ϯҽƱҪʮֽСġѣʲôʱҪңһ㡣ҲøܰʲôæȻëȫ̵˽⡣

꼦ͲٳˣȻ˵ÿҪٷÿγԲ࣬㲻ҪϯҪͬһӢģҪǺȻͬӽĺð취Ը̸̸ͬɲҪмӣȥҽϵ£ΪģҪ

˺ܲҽ񷴶ҵĴҪְҳ˵ҿ㽲ҲûٴᣬҽҲԽԽԶ

ɫ˵ֻ㡣ϯ֪ʶ󺣣ԴѧණȻҽƱͲܾҽѧ֪ʶӦø㷺иĻ̸̸ͬſԸ˽

ëҲҪҶ飬븵ĻǺеġëὡտʼͷҿܲʲôҲӽëͲ֪ƢԸϰߣҲͲ֪ĿǰصԭôܲȡһЩĽĽİ취أҪӽұȡëΣҵö飬ëйͬԲųɡ

򸵸ǣлҵָ̡վͬ˵ԺÿڵһΣ¶һΡ

ųӣɳ̲ת뾰ɽǰ֣ʣЩȡһͶǰصĴŶƽʣһӶӵѧϰǰľʹҲɵгԺС

ԴһľԺ⼸ľһֱ겻ҲһܵˡҵĸʱĺѶѾǡϸˣǶһ꿹սȺȥӰʱڱأһŵ쵼ɲȻЩ˶бУڹλϣ𾴡

һûСμӸҽѧԺͬѧأʱڸҽԺеĸרйѾ˸Ƶרҡ

ȴרҵŸƶɵƿҵҽĹƺһءǣܶϺﲿԺﲿϲɹԺ쵼ҾҪüԱȻұΪﲿΣ´䶯ĸ£ȶס档

ʱͻȻëıҽʹѿ¾׵

Դһľ뱱ԺëӼסɭϣһ˵ǸңԶأ޷󼰵߲쵼ˣȥᣬҲѵë̸̸Ϊҽν߹ԱʱرҽӢԺ󣬼̸Ļˡ

ҵȻʣضΪһҲֻǸС䡣һľҸջعȥʱżҵġվţǷаӭҡ

ҺҲֺܶ߼쵼ͻȻúԸӽңҺܿѾǸͨҽˡΪԼе

ëרαҽ

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ëʱ϶ѧӢġ

Ƚ(Yudin)Ϊѧǵ䡷֮һΪʷ˼Ȩѧߡһ꿪ʼë֮ìۡ͡ʵۡͬȽפйʹëǳӭȽ𣬵Щй˺ΪȽΪ˾ͽ˽ëѧԱ

ЩԴָܹŮһڡ;СŮֻһкΨһĴߡСũңһֱûһزۡ



һƪ һľ--һ

5

ëһμû죬һǰϦѾҹһˣһʿֵҵʿ绰Ҫ̵ëȥëڵҡ

ҴҴߵһкĺšëˣҪȻôôȥ

Ҵûȥëסءҵһ̤顰ʥءʱĳ˼ϲá룬ڡĺġˡΪһҽ˵Ĳɡ

ëŽ򵥵½ڼĺðϺסؿţչǰƾɵ·ӺЬʾΪ˽ӽȺڶݻëũڵֻھԱҪʱŴ룻ƽʱ˯Ժǿͷ㣬һ˯۰ڴϡ·ʱֻƾɵ·ͲЬڹʽĳϲŴëƤЬµĲЬһҪȴһʱ䣬ȫȺϽź󣬲ſϻϡǶ칫Ϊ񣬰ڸӡʵϣһӾش¡

ԹŵëϺסкϺ֮䣬ǰϺϺһȫŽɭϵĵطëоװĴڣʵϾëΪģɻ״ɢ鲼Ϻڡë(ֳ)Ҳӣװɭϡ˶µ뾯װȫסءΧվڵȾڡ

뾯ŲפϺܣëѲʱȫֱʩ

ëٲֻ쵼׼ͬ־Żֹ֪ϺʽʱӶͣĵطԷƺ뱻˼ƺ뾭ְȫʩϮԹҲǷ⽨ʱܷ

ëסԭǬ¡ʱ˽ͼݺϢҢ١ʮûкúޣѿʼδָǵ۹ۣ޸ڽУڵǬ¡Ҷ

ʽͳϣͼһң԰ŻɫߡڶǾֵҡһԺһңáһδ֮ǰëټ飬ӼѣҲ˵ᡣúǡáëĲҡ

ëסġݡڵڶԺڣһԺĺԺУдеĹɰأзһЩʮڣʱëԺټ飬ԺҲû￪ˡ

һ󷿺ͼС䣺ǽңаëĲͨмëĲңëҡϷǽĻҡ

ҪҶסڱ䣬ҸڡҶס࣬롰áӴһҶëʳƷëʳƷƶȺܸ--ҲģʽϮ⽨ƵķһëĪ˹Ʒ󣬾λʳƷרңĿָʹʳƷȫɿڱ¶

λרҵָ£һľɽũ߲ˡࡢݼ̣רŹϺڵġ׳áھ³˹ӦվũʳƷеվڡվﻯңʳƷʼ֣ﻯңʳƷ޶ֽʳƷԳƶȣڡ׳ǰĸʳҪԳԱȳһ⡰׳жּ鷽ھڳΪһƶԺȫʡȺЧ£ȷʵ˲ơ

ëİ칫ңҴûмȥ䷿ӣǳرյġ

ϷγһĺԺǽ¶ëŮګ˵ס¶Ƚ곤࣬Сšĸ梴ĸְˡй쵼ǨϺ󣬽¶ӽͬס԰æչګëͽ಻̫ǵŮګסѧУĩڼջؼҡһֻмκëһ͡ƽ˴Ҳټ档

ĸĺԺΪԭдӱϰŷӣȫˣϱһţƹңһҽ칫ҺϢҡ칫ҼëԶµסңһë뽭ң͵Ʒҡ

йʯ챯͸ëƷҲ

Ʒҿ˹͵ĴŰѩѣͳ˹͵ĳأʹĽ̺СҲҶ

ˮأѩɺʹ񣬺һѼܡÿʱܱȱ𴦵ĵȡԺӿߣϻǽϿһСţб̨СšСԭһƬ˵أЩƹ֮࣬յ£һն

ǽһСţͨȥǡˡһǰʹĹ飬ԡëʿͽĻʿǵᣬܱߵķڡ

ԺӱǽڣһŷӣëʿͽĻʿֵҡҹʮСʱֵࡣһƷʳƷҩƷʿСֵ־ϸ¼ëһлˡë߹Ա˽ëƽʱۻĵط

ǽϿһţкëƽʱšһ˺ͼëĵ쵼ˣҲš

һʮ賿һӣҴҴҸţëһˡң̰壬ʿ˴ţͬһ߽ʿֵҡôˣʲô½ҡ˵ϯѾԹΰҩ˯̸̸

Ҵӵȣ뱱ݽëҡ

ëҺܴ󣬼СҾִʵõʽҾߡϱǽĸһڲһϺɫ޴Ļסȫֲҹ

ʱë˯ڴϣϰڴͷͷϡŴľһͨ˫˴󣬴ڲռ֮顣˯ĵطֻռ֮һലͷβֻţľͷߣڲ߳硣ʿŸң취Ƿֹëʱ¡ǹ˼ԺҸ˽ëĻ֪İϰеĹϵ

ͷһŷľļëİ칫Ҳķ뽭˵ϰߺ͹ȫͬһͬԷʱҲࡣ

ëҽ˵һûг̸̸ӣһ˯ۣǰ󳨿һװ飬΢죬۹˸

Ұһӣڴԡʱʿ˸һ衣

飬ʲôûСһ°ʺͿˣҲָ֪ķţҳˡձϿǵ⣬Ҳûбšҳش𣬸žͽʲôˣʲôۣ

ëÿĿ׾ǡʲôûУÿ˶⣬ռ鱨ͼӿһԱķҪǱ̸ݣǶԱ˴˵ϲһ˶ȥҪǡ֪޲ԡ

ҽ谵

עȻ̧˵ڽABšABŵʱ򣬸һˣŮŮABŴˢڡǹԱʱԸԸߣԸ⣬һƥ˴Ǹŵ±ǴˣһЩȫƩ˵˲βʱʲôôηҪͬãͬˣλˣҲ㡣ǲͬκˣҲûйͣĴ󡣡

ǰ谵Ļ⣬Ǻ潲βķʹĪˡԤеҽƹʮѡëҪҽǰҪ˵Ͳݱ̣ÿһҪﵽʲôĿģʲôãõʲôȫҪǳؽףҪʹܣܲףұʵϣ˺꣬ϣ˺ܶѣҲˡ

ʱʿϷˣϵļãѷһߣһ˰һ̴ĺ⣬ʶ٣һ㣬һ̳Ȳ˺һཷϡԷԵú㣬ﲻΪȻʱѾʮˣ谽ҵëĽϣǰʮ߹ٳԷ⣬Խкܴ󻵴

룬ԺҪͬ˵⣬ر⣬Խһ㲢ûʵ֡ԭһȺãʱϼɽũɵģֱȥǰֲ䡣

ҪҳԳϣζΡǰûгԹҲûм˵ֿࡣЦһӦóԵͿ࣬ر飬ȻҽûгԹʲôࡣ

ҵʱûŪ˵⻰ǿЦǵ棬ÿЦķʽҵʵĿֻǾ˵ǰûгԹϣǺζЦ˵ǺãԺҪ׼ҪԵࡣ

ˣΪҹȥһ֪ˡ

ëÿ˶áԿࡱŮګнźŵ쵼ɲ󲿷ֵ쵼ɲũʮΪʤܶѾԹˡëڵȨ֮𽥳ڳеݻ־

ëΪЩ쵼ɲٳԳԿ࣬ͻйЩУߵ--Һ쵼ɲ--˿ࡣ

˵˵йףһҽڶǲѩдġ¥ΡǴ齫ơһ᲻齫ƣҽᡣڼͥʱҾͽ齫ƺѻƬй֮ʮ

˵Ҫ齫һٰʮţҪԼϵƣϴƣҴ·жԼÿҵӮơҪǻ齫ͿԸ˽żȻԺͱȻԵĹϵ

齫ȷսϷëйΰľ¼Һ齫֡սսڡӱйʷ͡塷ë齫ƿɲֻΪĥսԭ齫Ȼһǲë˵ȴҲһĻᡣϣںơơƣȴýŹţỵ́ţҲæһͿ

ë˵¥ΡⲿǷ⽨ʷйǧʷӰҴС˵ҿ¥Ρ

¥ΡⱾС˵ǰʵȤеھ󣬾Լ˼̫Զֻһҳӵһȥˡ

¥Ρⲿ֮һǼּҵʢ˥еʱĶ䡣ëΪһ̽й⽨ƶ֮ܺ˥SJTXTС˵أй˶ֱ˵İ鱯¡ֱ׷ŮԺ͸й֣ʵͥķʧˣֻöȥСҲ֪ëһԼֱԾӣӵұΪһȤ԰˵ļָҲΪ˺ġ󹬼ԽԽ࣬ԴסʹƮȻԼֱԾӡëλӢ۸˵ҲʥˣҲС

ë˵йӴ˿Ӧù鹦ҽķ˵ҽ뿴ймǧʷϵ˻սɱ˿ڶ˰ɣôˣҽĹҽйϰꡣǧϰԾǿҽΪʲôڻ˰ҽһĨɱأй飬ֻз𾭺ҩûжҽ𣿡

ɰʵˡȻҵ϶ҽû뵽ҽй˻ôáοҽûгֵԶţͷչأ

˵پġ˺ۡŪľˮĵȻ֪˵ʲô

Ц˵ǲöǴڵͲ״̬ҽϣҪһЩиܵҽѧҽϵҽҲӦѧѧѧѧϸѧͲѧ֮࣬ҪִѧҽۣҲӦýһЩŵҽ鷭ִԣ߼ע˵һʱ䣬ܿγҽҽѧй׵ġͣһ£˵ᳫҽԼҽҩ㿴ֲ֡

Ǻܹ֡

ϵĸ֮˵һͶڣͬһ찲ȥҲһκܺõܽĻᡣңжˡ

ҸѾꡣ˵ѺҲȥ˵ǲܰ졣찲ŵĶ׳ΪϵȥǺӿɲȥ׳ǵĺӶûȥôȥοܵƤֲ£ǳ鷳ôҿʸ֮ˡЦ˵Ǻã졣ȥ˯ҲҪ˯ˡ

һصϴᣬѾ賿ӣ͹ÿʮ˯ʱ䣬浻ڵҡҽ˵ܺãҪʲôԵơɫ˵ҽ˵͡

˵ܼͷֻӽοӡ󻹲

ǧҪ

ëҹ̸Ŀˡëܹ¶ټ࣬ҲûʲôѡνӰ񡱲Ǹ񻰰ˡܶʱë֮Ľ̸ֻڹϵͲڡáëѲеĳеĻۡë쵼ͬ־֮໥׽Щᡢ֪ʶˮƽܵ͵ʿ̸ΧȻޡëʿǵŮѣڻˣΪд顣ë޷ʿµ--йʷѧ

ҳë͡ҶЩëƼʷѧ飬ëСʱÿܵĳ档ʧ֢˯߼ɡһֶʮСʱûж壬˯ʱ˯˯̸򿪻ᣬ顣ʱûκƣҲʲôá

ȰҲҪǶԵģʵ֤ҪӦëֻһ¡ëǸߣЩëߵĹԱΪġëĹԼţѰ·

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һڣӰغëǷסõľ

˵ӰҤʵġ

Դʾ谵ŮŮһ곤⵽ɱŮ±ҽ˵һëβ˾óԣʣǱΪABŵԭ֮һë˸ɱ



һƪ һľ--һ

6

ڶһͶڣϾŵûãҴϱҪļþߣߵʿֵҡֵ鶼ڡŵëӱݳһǳɫάصıɽװҲëϴһ˫ԪͷĻɫƤЬ߸˵ͬҴк

ʱϵʿֵңëڱ棬첽߹洺ë񣬴ףؽպáë˵ʱ˰ɣ˵ˡǴ᷿ߵãڷ԰ſڷ׷˺쳵

ԴһľʮһһյνÿʮһһͶڵȺУҶμˡÿβμʢᣬƲס顣찲Ź㳡ӿȵ۾ʹҸеΪй˵޺顣

겻ͬˣҲȺеĲμߣҪ찲ųΪһߡ

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޽ĳϡ⳵ͷ·ӷ԰ϺϺʻţͣ찲ű¡޸æ˳ӣܵëĳԣ˳ţë³ëһۣ˦޵֣޵£ȥչ丱ϯ޼æܵεĳǰ˳

ʱһʮ꣬ȥʮ£Ӻݴ󷽡ףؽպã߹ͬ⣬ʹ˸еǳƽ׽ˣͰס

Щνġʿ--衡ͨ--Ͳͬˡ˶̬ӣǡëǰߣк¡һͬϼ찲Ŷ͵ʯǰëһѡ

Ǹ찲¶ͷǶƻ

ǵһε찲ţеֺּ档ߵ¥ƶ߽찲ų¥ڣƽʣŴţһ󷽵أһɳųɰ԰ΣΪëڻϢͻμһڵˡطųϰ߰ŷΣһĵĺˮԼˮϡ

μ־ۻᣬǺܲ⣬ʮ㿪ʼһֱҪʱʱ찲ϵġ׳ǡôվôأˣԭһϢʳĵطеȺ벻İɡ

ëͬʶ֣Ȼϯ̨㳡ϵĻ󺣵ĲΣͣëȺ⡣ʱгһͶпʼ

ʮһֶš졷(죬̫й˸ë󶫡

)ʸ衷͡ž

ɹ»ճĲӣȻȺпʼ

ĺ½ӣ̹˳ʹʻ֡

ë׳վıֶž衣

ǧȫװϵźѧ߾ٹ͸ɫĸɲһһĴнë쵼ȺгСʱ֮áëܸˣûôȥϢϢһʱǧϵĶͯ찲ų¥£߾ٻë¾ŹйëϯĿںšеȺڶǾɸѡγɷֿɿЩȺȰëϯ

һһգֻվë֮ңͬСҶл׳ľĿͷ׵Ⱥڶйսӿȵİ黳

찲ŻصϺѾʱˡʿֵǰë˵

ϯߵ찲ţҷͷȥͲˡëͷʾ⣬ݡ

ֵңЩԱ˵ǶˣصҪʱ䡣

ҴҴҸϻϴ룬浺ͺڷ壬һ˵ô԰ȥˡҸϻҪ찲ţûа취ʲôطȥˡ˵ô죿ڵء˵ʲô취Ȼȥ磬ȥǡҪǵŵҲǾͲҪˡ

ǣҵϺʳȥԷҵֵʦһ棬ʲôζҲûС

һصһʿֵң;ѾڱԹûгϷ˵Ҫµ찲ȥԵġǲҪһ𣬷ֿ˳ԡҪȻ˼ˣ˵һôĹԱ׼ԣΪʲôͬ׳Ĵһ

ߵʱ˵ôϯæ˳ȵݡһᣬ߻˵Ӹϯأûüߵʱ˵ˣ㻹ȥϯߡҺĸȥһ̽

ԭëмǼ䷹ڣһŸ߱ϣھϵϰײǲһװڿ

ëȫԼתͷɲα̫ߣֲ쵽ԺѾʮͷˡëͷתҵؼͷûãѾͷ󺹡

ݣһھһֱëëһͬҽһĶӰʼ˶ġʧ˶Уӱɷ

˶ĿǾɵ˱̹׽ӵʱ̹˵ǰҪʱõɱë

ëңҾͲţ͹κôãһСӶûиôҪɱҵҪɱĻͿˣȵڣǽ̸̸ˣҾ¹򣬴˵̹׽Ҫɱϯ˵Ϊʲôأ˵ȹٶ֣˵ʱõ㶯֣

ʵ˵ôҹ˯ʵܲˣֻܰǽ̹׽˯һҲֹͣ˶ǰ̹׵ȫ㣬ʲô˵ʲôûоͲҪ˵

ӴӴ˶ë޶ġëĹУë׽ķӶܹëľ֮

Ժ󣬴Ҷޡͬϣ˵ôϯǾһ䷿޸ңһ˵Щð졣ʾϯͬ⣬ֻ׼

˵ôˣֱҪϯƹƤôˣ



˵ϯµˣǲҡӴӰɵˣϯͬ⻻ˡǰüӵӻΣġ

޺Ȼﰵ֣ëϵϸڣΪʲô֪أ뵽ԺҹƱҪһЩҽþߣע֮࣬ë᲻᲻أȻȡԺźýй

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һƪ һľ--һ

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߽˯ڱĿ۾ðװϵȼ˵ҳԵʲôҩôãҶҪ˵ҩʺã˵ǰҩֵģʮѾҽձӦٴԶҩú͸ã˽ҩ尲ȫ

˵Ϊʲôҳԣ˵ϯˮҩҩζֲãԲʱûó

ʵϰɵЧˮȩ࣬ѾʧߣƣټϷҩǰԺжʹھϽİʾƣ˲Ż˼Ч

ëľ˥Դ档ҲžοСʱдأĸ״ȥݰ㣬ëҺ󣬾ͲҩҷԴݻٷ£ëȫйľɡʱ˵ũСͦͦ͹ȥˡҲһҽݸһԡ㲻ҪСң˵ľϵֿ֧ɴ󰡡

Ц˵㵹һְлеҩȥ˯Ҫʼ칫ˡ

ӴԺˮȩزٵİҩٿͬʱáʮԺë񫣬ֻԷǰҩǻ͡ᡢ裬ǰҪһΡ

__________________

עͣ1ëԱҲëıء˵ھɽָëٱ㣬ѧ˹೦սڼ䣬ëܾʹϴңľҰ⣬ڵڸޡ˵ڳڼ䣬ë˳޿Լʿ

2ڱУΪҽδܹҽѧѵôʡһڵ÷ϸҽѧ(depression--֢)ëȥй˶Ĺиı䣬Ƕѯ



һƪ һľ--һ

9

һ򲻹Σë쵼֮佣֮Ҳһ֪һҿʼëϯڲ߻һȷѪζ죬ҲŶĻǳʮδ籩ʵһѲӣ³һʮεзƪʷܱ䵼ߡ

ëδμӴᣬйǰȥݴƣʱʮ꣬ͷܺڶࡣûҰģź󼸺ǰݣֻμְλ--ȫίԱ;ίԱḱϯ󲿷ֵʱ䶼ٷԵѲϺĻֻ--ǧ˴ίԱǸвԳ˾йʮڹĹס

³ͻľٶʹ´ֲ籨ʾʱʾҪַ֧ʷ֡ëʮŭë˵˾ʮֺͿɼºͺ³򶼿ס

ëԹĽɫëӲ쵼ֻ쵼ܸйȫ¶Ϊëйʷ֡һйһëԼΪǡ³ƪʷܱ棬ֱӶëͳιвë쵼ëӭͷʹëͬ³ʷֵĹΪеķë˶·ë¡ʷһȥ󣬺³漴쵼ë顣ʷ¼ëתԺ³⡣ëΪ³Υһĸ--ǾĲ³нĵλȫ鹦ʷֵΣ³˾ǹӲš

⣬ëú³Ϊ---۹Աë˵ǲҪѵӣҪѵӣҪʹʷ֣ǲǲǻҪӵ

һֱǳʷ֡ëԡʷ˶ǳڶʷ𾴡

ʵϣëʷëλǰĹϵʱǳ㵡

ʵأëһ˵һëʱŤʷӭĿġ

ëʷǿҸҪ׷ݵһŶάȨʱڡ

һŶ꣬йãЯֳͳһսߡйʱķѣָʾй񵳺ݵľ棬ͳһһŶ꣬ʯڣټӣëӻغϣĿũıëΪйũһ쵼ʮ͵ĸë󵨲ȡһйʷ龳ȴΪͳսë쵼ũ塣漴ëڽɽأάȨëڴ˺ũ֧֣ʵģͽʯľλսԺ񵳵쵼ũռСάȨë쵼ս׳

һ꣬ʷָɵʱŶʮ꣬˺üΪʴǰйëԣδʵ쵼й·ߵִָ߰ʾִ⽫ʱĸ·СëΪʱԱĺһڽܣԪˣ˴ԣɱ㣬ǰ¶ʮαְԼΪ塣ë˵ʷǺƤܲ˼죬ףҲû

άȨ᧿ΣʯΧˡΧʱͻΧʼʷԵĳڳ;УëָȨ

ëΪڵʧȫùʷֺ͵ʵĺӸš˵йԽʱܵϹָӵĿͷƸһͿʧٷ֮٣ݵʧٷ֮ʮûйʷֺֻԼͬ־˽󡣡ëġͶӡ

ë˵ձͶԺʷҪ񷨹ϣһǹȥǲͬ⡣ձͶ()ͬ񵳴ˣûиһǹһԮսԺҪ񵳻ΣҪȥȵϾվסţᵽȥӢϰѴʹݰᵽݣʹݸȥˣʾֹ֧񵳣ûǣһľ궬죬ҵĪ˹ȥ̸Уʷֶҿǲˣһס£ʷ̸ָҷƢ̸Ͳ̸һȥŶѺͬ˻Լ

սѼ̽ˣ˵Ӧóʷ˵ܳ˱Ҫս˵㲻ѳʴˣйǴݺ㲻ǴӢ˵Ԯǣôûйϵ١߸ڶʷַʵǲйѡ

ë״ȷ̸ʷֵĿҲҵһ֪й֮䣬ԭôáôķ硣

ëδĿĸ쵼λʷֹϢϢء

³ܱҲʹй쵼һμ±ʾҪַ֧ʷ֣󴥷ëҴӲΪ»ëвëڽʱѹ¶ԡʷ֡޳ɷӦʹë¸Ҽ˵ǡƷ⡱һһڣ岻ʹ찲ţҲϡÿһͶڣ쵼˶պգ棬ͺѰζˡ¸߳Ӣ˵Ҳϣ˻Ϊҷ˴ϲ찲š

һй쵼յƬУɫ԰ףüչȷëϯߵελ

ëԶԭº³ʷ֡һУҲëԹ쵼ͬ־ǳëȶǶģʽ«ѡ

һ꣬йģʽӰ죬ʱѽһɹֱӿƵӴҹϵũҵչɣҪĹ̵չӪģСֹҵ̵겻Ǻ绯ǽɵطӪ

;ú͹ƶȶԣйĸƺơ

ë׷Ĺ--Ҳйԡ--ңңڡӴӵĹƽյĸʿΪŵĹţ׷ԺյλëĸԺëвͣҪٵƶĸܶ

š쵼ɲ׷׷ѶѭĽĸģʽëΪǶģȱ⣬ڲй֮£֯ϵȫ׳ϮëΪ˶Ե겢ս쵼ͬ־ʮŭ

ëĸҪ󵨡ǺͶʣЩҲëԸΪ쵼ֻīسɹ档ǵһЩͬ³ʷ֣ë쵼սëĴëҪκҡɡйĺ³򡱣дڱ淢֮꣬εƻͳεĶݡ

ԹڵĲռڱĻⳡƽ١

______________

ע

йڳսʹõľнٷ֮ʮ

ھɽڼë󣬡ëѡһУ¼



һƪ һľ--һ

10

ëԼΪСһʮʮգë˹ŵʱһЪǺдɡ˵Լǡ޷()족ķԴһЪﲻϤ˽Ъ﷭ɡһ¼ŵĺУɡߡˣ˹ŵ֮ѧΪëһֱԵĹ¼ᡣǸ⡣ëʵڴԲѵĸ˹ŵǷ--޷()족

ëʱëܲסڻ̸ʱʫļٵ

һʮһʮգפʹȽ̸念ʱĻѧʿӢĵʣӢļھؽ磬ףдţʫŻظǧֻΪǽֺηڣʼʡõߣԷΪҲߣһëʫ䣬Ա߽֮׵̬ȡʱҿʮΪѣҲģ֪ô룬ȾһãȻı鿴ûë˼

һʮգëӡȸͳϣϣ̸ƽĩϸķ˹ܵԵһʫٯٯ߯ɷ飬ദƻ

һһ㣬һҡһƣˮͣһ㣬һҡ㣬ҡͬһͬһ餡˵ӡܹϵΪѣ˵˺ܾãҲ֪ԷǷë˼

һĪ˹ףչʮʱëڴϽŽҪʱٵһһúʮΪ仰Ūһͷ󺹡

һһëλҸëá¥Ρ˵һ仰дѴ˵Ĵ仰ôҲ벻

ëңִѧëǸͷβӣеȨһ--ξߵճ΢Сϸ֦ĩڣϺڷ¶뾭׿ϣŴ硣йش߱ͨ׼

ëûѣһӴͽپһŮ١

֪ëԵһμУʵʯĳܲһ˿ůһϺϺӼűݡݡϵһͯʧ֣ͷµذϡأûκαʩ¡һ죬Ҷ

ӵĸҲӼԱúޡʱëĸڡȫһƬֺʱëԵĹԱ˵˵ЦЦŲ裬ƺʲôҲûзһºëδͯ

ʼ޷˽ëĮҲĿù˶Ŀʹ޶ԡëĵһλۼܵëë񵳴ëӢڳսУŮڳʱزۻʧɢ䡣ҴδΪʧȥЩ˱¶κСʵϣһӹЩѣƺֻԼ᳤꣬Щȥˣֻ˵Ϊ˸룬˵

ëȻֹ¶Ϣȴͨ󲿷ֵʱ䶼ڴϣһüֻּ˯۶գĶҪߵˣÿͷйں£йƫԶȫأеȨָơ

ëʹ޷Ƚڡһľ꣬ʱԺ־ֳ彨飬չڣӦôɫ·Ƥ׺ɫƤЬӼʹë󣬴Ƣ˵йй˵ϰߣʲôɫɽװ׻ɫƤЬӹ顣Ӵйĸ߼쵼ˣҲһɴɫ׷ˣǳġëҲ֮֡˱ְĻʱɱ

ëܾκʱûƮÿȥɢسһһ·Ӳصȥ㼣Զ辶˽ڹҴϣë׷Ѱǰδе;

ëʷ񱣬࣬ĵʷ鼮ܶʮʷùȥעڡһЩʷۣҹȥȫ෴ëι۵УûеµĹǡ֪ëͬйĵҳ˷ָı󣬷ǳ𾪡ëϧ̱ŰķﵽĿꡣ

ëΪйʷϣ˶ϴƬأʹйĽִ󺣣ҶйͳһвĥĹ͡ȸЩ˷ĿؽߣȻҪɱЩŮʵĸʵ۲㣿

ë˵ʼйĹͼͳһĶҵĵˡڷ壬ٵѵ飬ӵŷѵ壬ɱİʮʵ㲻ʲôЩ£ǡץסһ㣬󣬲ࡱȫߵڰס

ëƳ籸(ĸнԾ)һ̸ͬ졣˵Ĺ󣬸ܹģɱ˹ࡱ˵С׼棬иĸҵҺŴ跨ƷʵĴ

øֶܵΣ֪Щ˵ıأɱɱʲôӦã



쾵ǹͨйϷͱʹϱнΰйĴӶ뺣쾵ۿɱϵĴ˺ӣһйסë˵ʷ˸ȫˡ

УëؼΪƳ硣Ϊش˹ŵսĳ棬ʹսսԺս˸Եĸı䡣Ʃ磬ʱܼںȡʤëƳصһش¼ǣؽʱѧߡѧҵ˽˰ѧоŰĻԴ¼£ëҲӵƺӵķԴຣʡȥ̽ѰйԴͷ

һ֯һѧߣʷѧҡѧҡѧߡˮѧҺ͹ѧҡΪ˴ɹżĵƥһоĺװëÿһϰëʮ̡ҹֱӲμԽսļ磬ëȡƺеľ

ëʷ볣˲ͬӳëԸëϧ񣬲϶йʷмסΪйǶȨթë˼ϵӰԶ塣

ëǸʵĿǽйɸǿȴӹȥרʷѰͳηȨĶԲߡ

йʷë׷йòëΪйĻͣͲǰҪΪעµĻбҪѧϰĽ˼룬ʹӦй顣˵йĶҲԲһЩĶвĶҲԸһЩ¿Ҳ

ëΪܼйȥʢԻֵ͡ңòѰСԴл񹲺͹ëйҪһ߿ëаǴйɫ壬ĿйǿĻˡ仰˵Ҫйʽ塣˵δյȫãҲδᳫһԭⲻİйΪڽгɹĻʧܵľ鶼Ϊ

ëһټҿʼ㽫Ƽͱ¶ɡ֪Ҫѧϰǲġԡһ߿Ŀںźб

ëʷλʮֿ϶δɹĽɫΰ䣬֮--ͳһййʹָȥĻԻ͡ëδùִʡëִˣȵʹйָյķʢ绪ëǸңҲǺʹͳѵˣҪйëԼﳤǡĲйΰ֯һйָµ鳡ëй

κë˼򵨸սˣëΪˡëĲˣյֵһᡣ

Һ󲻽⣬ҺѽëԴﵽĿꡣһʮѮӡйë³̸ʱëȷʾԭӵ޷ǡֽϻΪսʤ۹壬ֵǧйë³ҲԭӵôˣйôˣըꡣԭӵܷţҲܷšըһǧǧ㲻ʲôЩʱʹ³ΪԾ

ëһĪ˹Ƶݽ˵йһ˿()

Ҳ㲻ʲôǿˡֱԾǧйڼģҲſʼëƳ籸ı֮֮ë֪ǧ˶޶ԡ

Ҿһ˼ڸ㶮ëʷ۵㡣⣬ⷬҲ׸ңҶֻܾԷӣԼ飬겻Ψһ·

˿ëĹ磬￴ëΰΪ˹٣뿪һֱǲ˼飬ֻЩëĵ˲Żᱻǽ֮⡣ȫйҲûеطݲ뿪һˡ

һЩĹһΪëо֮аȫ(ҵʷëһʹһ)ǳë̩ɽΪйľǡȴһȺֻƨë衣ëҲֻΪõЩ˵ĵطǣһüֵûˣëһŰ߿

һ̸ͬʡ˵ΪҪо˰Ϊë񣬻Ϊ﹤ǵģΪ𣿡

ΪںëġϺǽڵ»ź⼸ĽǶһƬǽϣҲסйϰһϽи߼쵼͹ߡϺѧϰУǿҪΪ񡱣ΪΪˡںʹҼѣ˾ļ빲

ҷë﹤ȴë衣ëأԴЬ࣬ϴҶ⡰Ϊë񡱵һǳ⡣

ʱ棬̻ⷬ塣

ëһһԱ쵼--ֱܶ--ϵУǳëңӿڳ˺ʮУ˶ǡšĻڵġֱСֱҶؿƿֻëҽƱ˽ĲпᱩŰ֮ҲһɱֳĬйֻëж־

ҴʱԳ羴ëйľǣ䡣ҽйΪһ壬Ҫһ峤ëϯǴҵ쵼ΪëϯΪй

________________

ע

ٰ¼.˹ŵԴµTheLongRevolution(NewYorkVintage1971p.175)

ں³ëڶй˿ʱԵĲпᣬ쵼Ϊë̬ȴֲKhrushchevRemembersTran.&ed.StrobeTalbott(BostonLittleBrown1974p.255)



һƪ һľ--һ

11

ͬëʼѲ֮󣬲żʶΪë񡱵˷ѵһ档ëİȫͱȫëʺǵһҪ֪ëİȫһǳӣϺϰΪֲ֣ȳѲʱֹݳ޵ű÷ԡ

ëϵĳѲأٴڱǸϷӵܣ˾뱱롣ݡݡϺ人ϲĳСëÿǺü£һڡջӼʱŻر¶档ëƮʱϲžȥݣʹҴ·ˡھ»©ͨԱǰһҹ֪ͨҪȴҲ֪Ŀĵء

ëͨרгѲëרйʮһڡרƽͣ뱱վ൱Զĳëжëרжһëãһڸ౸á

ֻһëͬһרСëĲͳëԳǳװһŴľ󲿷ֵĵط飬ǰĽ̵ʿӰԱҪԱʦԱԳٽӹԱͳһڣҽƼȳһڡ

ëǽڳǰһڱ

רû͡һڣӶ¶һרУʮݻʽƹ⡢豸ȫȻҲ豸ˡҪֿ˺ͬסһڣ˹һҡÿɳӡˮԡҡ

ר;İȫʩĿࡣëרеһΣ·ȫгʱҪĹһڲָܻС·վϴæĳ˿ͺͽʳСȫ˰ȫרʻյĻվһ·ֻվ̨ϵڱоǳŹ֡ҺԱ˵º㰲һЩСľվվ̨ϣʵС

ëר;ĸʡ쵼ʡڣëϯİȫëͣڼ䣬ÿʡ·ֶɳһλ˾ͻ𳵻߲иʡɾÿʮ׷ڡһκʡһλңһһëĪ˹Ʒʱڱ·ϣÿʮɲӺҹءһ·¶ڣҲ֪˭Ƕ춳ùǺ˺ܾò֪صëϯ

ë˻Ҳʱơˮ⣬վ˯ʱ򣬲ܶ೤ʱ䣬гʻͣҪ˯ʲôʱ䶼ͣһ㶼ͣ·֧ߵĹɻǹҪͣҪֹͣɻɼ䡣

ʱëɻһҵһëѲʮѮëȥݣɻȥһľһγɻëһγ˷ɻһʹնͬӰɵ죬С̸

ɻѡԷɣɹͿվ˾¥Ǿ̶ۣġ-Ϳͻ磬¥ͬëԱǰԷʱ䣬ȫкͣɣվɳսѲߡԱֳļܷɻ䡢˼顢ԱԱһʮġë˾ʦӰʦλʳƷԱһȫֳܷɻԼԱëרгרëơļ˹(Jis)ë»Ԥ˳ֱСдרͣڰƻʱëʹá

ë-СɻֻеͲԭжʮĸλǰһλװһ˴һֻСֻΣ벿ֻĸΡܷɻë⣬ʿšһʿֿ˺ҳ

¥һλݸ߸ӵľ˽ܸë˵Ǻƽϯܷɻë˵ҪˡԴʣ˵ܸϯɻ̫ˡƽĻΪվıһһһֱ׹󣬺ƽ̡

ִﺺڻʱĺʡίء人ίũԭǽʯĶỷ人ѧ

ǰˣرǰ׶ںڿһЩưɡ꣬õĳʦԱרѵеһֱд

ʹҶëеδ۽硣˵ʷִڶ⣬ϯˡɱôˣǵǻǽŽᡣë˵ǰӦڲìܺ͵ìܵĲͬʡڲìܣǴҲɱ˵ϯ쵼õ

ҵһμأҸеᰢķСҴԹ۲죬ë൱С޹Ĺ˺ͨġ꣬йϾǡȻˣëҲûӹĻһءĻڣΪйĻ쵼СԱ֮һܿ챻ȺڻϣָΪĸС

ʱݰƻ㶫ʡί͹㶫ʡʡڻȺ򡣴ӻ˳ȥ㶫ʡίСдһ·ͻӡǽֵңϵǴഩľЬִʮֳˡ

ëĹ֮ǸܡһԱɢ־׼绰ͻšǼĵżȫרͶëҪǰ죬˲׼ͬ㶫ʡĹԱ۹⡣

ëʽڰȫʩ

ƽű󲻾ãûɱҲЩµģ쵼רá

칫Ȫɽ쵼--ë󶫡桢ܶºʱ--

(˶ǺѼ)ΪëӸӾءΪ˰ȫӾֻˮֻϥ

ëΪСӾشΪ𣬴ʱ»ξֱֻԣָ⶯ùΪë˽áëԼĸѸӾصķá˺ûȥȪɽס١

һ칫ڱӺһûɱ쵼رΪë޽ˡ˺¥Դ˺󣬸ʡ쵼ҲʡΪë޽Ϊëϲִ豸װʽɴʽˮͰëѲʱܴһŴľ崲ͶʽͰСһľ굽Ī˹ʱľҲȥˡһȥʱסڿķֹڣֻʽͰûа취ȡһʱպϾȼ

ڹΪëͽ޽Сдë⣬ëȥסСд齭֧ᴦСõ԰ŹľŽ㽶

ԭһɽıСɵ¥ʽ¥Ϊ¥ʡί¥̫СԱһ¥ͷһңëסһ䣬סһ䣬иһԿᣬҲɷӳӰ¥ë뽭ҡ

ĺšź¥Ϊ桢ܶʱõġ䡢Ƿסֿסĺ¥

ڲװںͰڣ뾯žһжӡԱֲʮڵĹ뷨Ӱɱë齭֧˺ȥѲͧ⣬ϾСõϰó棬ֻȴ౽

˵뾯ֺ뾯ԱëڱԱˡǴסλ½νӵĶ԰ͷڡ˵ʮ˼һ䷿䡣

ëרó豸ãȫסɽũÿ˲˹ëĳʦʹáëʱԹ㶫ˮ˺㣬ǰĺϲˡ

¥ķܴ󡣷ͳķԱʦĹͻȻӺܶ࣬طԭСûʳƷ豸ѷһСڣԺ󣬷ŲˣֶڳԺСȻѾ붬ǹůֶ࣬Ҳпʳж˱ټ˱һЩԱЭʦóʳƷ뻯ƶȣСڲҽ顣

˺Ϊëİȫν£ȻëȻʮֲëˣھϡǰӵٴУֻԼʲô¶ҪԼȥɣŵص쵼˺͹ԱȺڡëܲ߾ԱĽ顣ëȺڳ˭ıأ

궬Ϊëڹݣġ׳桢ܶ¡Ƶ˶ݣԱ㿪ᡣ쵼Ƿֱסġ塢¥ǨŶ԰Ĺ㶫¥ס׳ֱסСԵĹݾдͳĹ㶫ʡίдڡ

Ϊ˱ʾݵġǡ黶ӭʡίдٰᡣëëԸϯӦꡣһ볢㶫ˣëԲӦͬˡҶҲμӣë˵ȥʲôرĲ˽

ǰһСʱ뾯ְ칫ҡʮֽ˵ʳƷڲл軯ȫ˷棬ԱҲȫ׼뿪Ҫϸȥʡίд

ҸȥʱŴ϶Ѿ̺˰߽ԱһʳƷңֲˡơϵƷɱλʳƷԱæͷ󺹡ҽƺһ˵ˣɺˡô졣

㶫ʡո˵֡еĹԱǷû⡣Ҳ˵ôл¶

ֻк軯Ĳ˶û⡣дԺڵԼڳġڳһЩ񣬻ȷ΢軯ָϵɽҽѧԺ鼮΢軯ʳƷڡ

ҽ˵Цݣסҵ˵лл㣬ȻҾһơ

ոҵһͷ˵ɰ˴æղǴƢ˵ҪǡˣҲ׼ʱˡҪȻڹǿɱ𡣡

Уߵǰ棬ٱ˵лл㣬ɱվлת˵ǿ֨֨ģ춼ϲϡ

ϻصСȥëëڿʷҽȥ飬ʲôšҰ¸˵ҰѧԷҲҪ顣ڱ˻㣬ְһװᵽظ㣬˼±£ӹ֮ˣҪġ

Ҵë󣬵鷿ëܲˡ˵ô˽ϯҲȻб˻ȥʱϯ˵²ʵұ˽ܸܿʵг룬ϯһʵһӡ󣬾͸޷ڸı䡣ֱ˵

еëıëʳƷӦƶȣȡʳƷ鼰Գ취ɽũУӦվԱ𵽸زɹʳƷ(ıֻǱģëʳƷԴ󲿷ɾɽֱӹӦ)

ԺֽЩıëëЦ˵˵ѧѵʺҲҪѧҾͲѧҵҪѧѧ

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ٽҲ˽СӾصľ顣



һƪ һľ--һ

12

ʱҲڹݣǳӴ档

ݺĵ죬ʿңȥ࣬ϯЩܵ㱨һΡ˵ݵĵ죬Ҳһͬˣ

˵СҪרȥһΣ˵̫󡣡

Ļŵ㣬滤ʿ¥鷿ͷһοϡǱɫȹ߸ɫЬͷһ١

ëˣҲѧëһ֡ͬǣȫڿǰװӣͨѵ˵ʱ

ʾҪ¡ʺãżʿֱһٶңǵò

ϯܺã˵ûжʱϢѾϰߣǶϰߣٸıˡǿĻϯӸ

ǲ廰˵˼ȥòȰϯʱˣ˵ǿĻʧ֢״˵ҽļ𣿡˵ҵĿüëһԲԲ˵ļͬϯ𣿡ҳ˵ҽˡ

ƺ벻ָԱߵĲ輸ɫ˵ϯأ˵ϯͬҵĿ˵ѾˣЩϰ߲ٸˡͷȻ̧ͷһͷ΢Ц˵Ҳֿǰ׳Ȱϯģǲ޳ɸĵġ

ʵôҩأ˵ϯʧߡڿʹ˯ָƣͣҩá˵˼ǲҪˡ˵ǵģֻҪټӴҩԲġ˵ûһҽų԰ҩԼ𣿡˵Ҳԡ˵㲻ԣ֪֪ҩк

˵ʲôҩҪԡϯôϰߡһû˵꣬ɫңҲϯ˵˿Գ԰ҩ˵ǵģˣϯҲͬ⡣ۼϯ˯ʱ䣬ÿ˯ܱǰһ˯ʱСʱƳЩ˯߳ЩƳٵ磬˯߾Ͷ̡ƽÿ˯СʱʱʮСʱʮСʱû˯ÿȥͿ˯ʮʮСʱƽÿ˯塢СʱԿɣϸ㣬ϯ˯ԼĹɡ

౧ԹҵЩΪʲô粻ͬ˵˵ǰûл̸Щϯ̸ͬʱġǷǷ˵ðɣ̸Ժʲô⣬̸ͬٸϯ˵⻰ңһӿëǲȦ׵ġ

Ҵ˳ʱꡣûдɡֻǻ

ΪѾˣ߳鷿ڴ˵ꡭŵ̫нٽһ¡Ҹ棬߽鷿

࿪ʼʲôѧУ飬ʲôҽԺͬҽʮʱϺһο

˵һҷգһҽҲûҵʲݲݿһ£ҩҪߡҵʱˣΪʲôôʶԴˡǲʱҵ߹ʹġҩҲûãͻȥˡͣһֶ˵Щͷҽ˿Ĳ˵ļࡣ

˵ҽѧʷϽһЩΰҽѧңΪ˽ʹ࣬ϧԼĺܡЦӹ׵˵塣˵Щ˵ܸжˡֹסҵĽ˵ǴҲϲͬұۣһˡ

ʱѹٴθǣȥ

Ļʿңߺһֱڸֹ˵λҵ涥ҡûмȥ˺Ҳ׷ļ⡣Ҫú

ȥëʱ˳㽫̸ͬݣë˵ĻʱëЦ˵ǲͳ˵塣Ƿ˵ģҽޡĽ½ˡԺҪ棬˵ĺûϸñӣͻˡ

ҹҹǰˣҽϵ۸գգ˵ֱ̫ˣҲῴɫԽҪأҪȻû˵ȥ

룬ܶԼᣬҽɡʮȻëַͬȥġ̵ҪɵˣķеСˣȫ

ҼȲϸñӣ޷ֻͬ뷨˽Ϊף˵Ҫʲôʲô£塣ëæµԽĮģҲѲסһë󽭶ʮ꣬˵ϰԺͰ֮𡣽°Ͱ࣬Ȼë򷴿һеĳ񷶡ëǳĶûĿһ顣ëĽԺüչζԯޡëĺϲˣϲ嵭ˣΪóЩԹġˡ--ӽ

ëҲýЩһľԺëýйմԵëĴԾӣ¶ͲֻҪ뿪й칫θΡȻָʹˣܻӭֱҡרë飬ëӡοϡУѡһЩνҪϢëġ

еëֿˡΪͷȥοϢҪֲַЩϢҪģ˶ë˵νô

йνġС--С¾֪ʶˮƽߣȱ

йʷ֪٣ʷ͸ģģ֪һЩҪҺ䣬֮⣬һ֪֪ģʷֽ˭鳣ץص㡣дθ˵Ӣûйô⽨ǾйüŮ

Щֲʶֲ˵ʶȴʱˣñô

Ȼ֪ʶˮƽߣϲЦ˵ȱ㡣ëдЦ˵ҵʷ֪ʶǴӾϷѧġ裬ϵͳȥˡͨͶʮʷպԳҡëЩ顢ļŸ˼Ҫථʷʱ£ೣǸһԡ

쿴۽ڵӰʱ硢絽϶ڡӰ˥İ취

һ뾯ֹͬһλδרְҽԭëıҽëãƽûʲôҽϵҪ졣ëɵһ쵽Ľࡣ

˼Сһ꣬Ϻչ˶ڽָ£⵽Ҳδưոݡ굽˹ݣҽֱһʿָضԽĻʿвΪ

һʿƶѪݺ󣬾ͷΣҪҽ顣ҽסĿͷϢ顣ҪȻҪȥѵ·һũĻµʿ߽ײҽѧ޸뵽Ĺϵȥ㴫ҽвΪЩԷ

˲òΪ˿˻ᣬչ顣˺죬ЩţοʿĿխ޼ʶҲμλᣬǵָأʮֳԾЩָؼΪơΪ˹ֱЩִǵʮϽ

˵ҽ巴˶УѱϷСųԱñӣ侮ʯұҵֿ˵ܶҽְҵϵĲЩĪеָ

ëγ档û£λʿְ

߿ɾûûˡమƬӣƬû˼ȤҽԿõƼеƬΪΪã֣˵Ƭʹĥ˵ñԿ˵Ӱ˥İ취ҽܲΡ

ľ˥ȫԾ飬±ë־塣Ĳ״ر¹ߣ·硣ЩҩΡӰӱʵѰοҪʽ

ǺнϲƬӣӰǿ̱ƬһоͱɲֵһĴƬˡȴ˵ϷūƶȣҳЩǡһڣû˰ĸ߼һ¡Ļʱ˵Ļɾ˵ǰ;

㽭ҽƬӲʱе֡ӳʱƬӹҪʣۣ˿壬߶˵ҪĥӰ¶Ҫ㶨ܸߣܵͣз磬áЩʵڲͬʱֻ䷿һӳƬӣӳһһϢӳӰͨ绻¶ȣٹ

дιݺϮ¯úķԱùڵϣĿô徲һΪ̽Ĳ軹岽⣬ͬʿʿԺ﷣վСʱرʱҪɻͣڼϰϲҽʿ»뵽ʲôʲô塢ææ£Ūëϯ˷Ĺ٣⹤ľѹʵ̫

Ҳ˽ĲԴëϵ黨ǲݡҸĻʿʿǶƯëŮͬҶνɲҪ̫档ϯڸϿɲרһõЩʿҪע⣬ҪǡһΣڱʱһһһŵϺľᡣһңҹȥø˵򣬲Ҫͬ˽ϯˣζϣ˭Ҳ㲻ʷҲûа취ԸŮϵĸ˽ϣҲ˭Ҳ㲻

Ϊëֲ࣬ܲ뵽λпܱŮȡտʼʱëΪ˼滹͵͵ġһãҲûôСĽײëԼĻʿΡΪһŮˣܼ޿κΡֲҹȻʾŭ⣬ë᲻Ҫ

һë̸ͬĲʱ˵ҲҪˡͬģǷĲ¡㿴ֲ֡ë˽ķΪ˽ģȵĲȫС

µįĽֻðȫڷϡëΨǴӣʼնǷĸԸжĴþë׿ϡȵĲȫʹ˿̱С֪ҶźʿǶëͬŮϵ֣ȴҲ޿κΡʿ˱ӻ˶ԴҽԿˡ

˵˾ŰĥʵǸñʹˡԱͨãܲҪߡεһ죬Ҳٴ̫ãҪҽԺѧϰߡЭҽԺȥˡʱʮĽĽѡ



һƪ һľ--һ

13

ëڹУ˵ëҶǶëôˡҶй칫ҪΣëĻҪ鲢ëļ񡣺Ҵǵ֪(ҶҲ׿ڸ)ҶҲëŮѡҶëӸԴṩŮ--ҪҡҪҡѡһЩָӿơϿɿŮ

ҶסϺëľݵĺ档ҶŮϺȶڣȽ˯ʱٰǴӷͽëҡ賿ʱŮϺ

ҶҲëķ칫رĸѡһ꣬Ļǰ(Ҳڡë¼֮ǰ)ëѡʹë׬Ԫҵĸѡһëȫй׸֮һëҲܿһЩ򹲲ȨûղƲΪ̵ʦˡҲǮǲЩһŮҶǸЩĿ--ǲɼٿ鵽ǧҲȡ

ҾҶ˲ദҶûܹٽĻ̶ȵͣȲ飬ҲҶҲʱμ˹±ʮëľ굽ǰδȥУûù磬û޺ơ˱Ժ󣬶硱ܿͱͬˡԭһûԶˣȥֻûлḯѡ

һһһϺﲿһҶңҪҸƿͼùء˵ϼҵһλũݣ÷ҪҩʱҩйȫڣޣﲿֻƿûиȻȥ

ߺﲿĻʿͬҽôëϯߵĴˣϺһԡᡣôҵʱΪȻ룬ҶˮˮģҸҵģʲô˲ġӦˡԶǣнǡû뵽ұһ飬ӦˡԩҲͷ



һڣҶĴͬһҲǹƣûǮ˶ԸͽëĻҪ顣ʱᳫ򵥽ԼľҶȴٷʳ¡סж׷󻯡߸ɾֲҶЩ˻ú죬õĲ硣

߸ɾֲͱҶûľҶ֤ͨ˭һȥóҶǸ߸ʱǵ񶼴ɫ첹£ҶһõëëʮͻۡҶҲë·£÷ܻṩҶһЩѵõϢ١

ҶëƷҡëͨƷһˡ˸ҶֽŲɾʿֱģҶǱڵһӵձƵ羧ˡʮϤȴ޷ڵͼָλá

ҶһǱйġźũʳƷ

ź󣬸ض͸ũǹطˣηڵͶũڵηǹ񵳾ӻͲطԱ߼ԱߣҸһΪաҸǹӭġͶߡ֮һϾʱܶһȥ˵ҸҸ׾ܵİرףԼķӡ

ҽһҶദòáǾʲ֪ʶӡƼһ鹤ģǸ谺Ҷ뽫ųһ飬ҪҶë˵ϲɿмӣͬũĸɲϲЩ˵ȵȡֱëҪҶЩ֪ˣҪˣʱһ䡣

ʿҲҽʿֵҺҽԱڡߵλɼҽУرĬԡʱɷӣֹϲΪȻΨֻӿڳ

ҽԱһΪĬ֮£ʿȴ̸ۣӣͣ

ÿҶֵԺ˲ݣСϢɢɧֻ˵̸

ֵﳣ̸Ļԡë߱ȷֵ֪ʶҷëϲ̸ԡë߸ڵǳ档߸ڡʷֳΪ

һ򱻿ءˡɱ˸ңߺʯһЩ˷棬˱

ë˵ߡĵĴʱһÿνߵ˽ʷڿϣǱϣԳΪ۶Ϊ顣ëǳĽþٰİ취ŮˣһٶŮ˷˹ϵëϵС¡ڲС㲻ʲô߸ûϵĴ󣬻ԼĴ˵νһҪ

ҲԴʴʡҵһ󲻾ã׶ë˰ҼֱĿɿڴΪëĲ֮

Ȼëͽ඼˿ַ£ʿǰ̸¾ͺȻˡ

ʿһ̸۵Ļ⡣ÿ಻ڳʱʿܰѽʿиСӣģ½ࡣʿܴüĿ㡣·ֵңɾϴ--˿Ҳʿ̡ʱϽĴñϽĴ£ƲֽѧŤŤȥǵôҹЦһڱݵʱëҲЦЦҲûбıʾ

ԴһľعԺûֻʿ֮ǳĬԣҶǵУʵڿȥ㱻˸оˡҶȥë״

һӺëҲнͣӾͲŽ

ϺҶŰ첻ݡ֪Ҷë조¡ҶԶšһֵҷۣ˵˼Ҹܵݡ硱ȥˡ

˺ҶһˮݡҶһΪΪë裬Ҳšëһɿ𣬵ִ˲ųƽ⡣һӱ꣬һδƽһйȥ

ëڹ̸ͬʱ˵ҽôһҽӣᡣ˵ҽһмǿܵģ㲻ᡣ˵ǲŲġûмأʱҲ֪ԭŸһ״

ʱҲŻȻҽѧȻСҽӡټʿǵġȾҾͼʮˡëĸֵƳ繤ũĸɲҽмһˡһ£ĺܲƽҴСܵĽңҽְҵβˣǸеĹҶ˿Ҳ˳ۣ뽫żһ飬ָʹȥëǱ߸״

ëΣ跨֮ĲϪмë̸ͬʱҽҶ˲ġë˵˶ôҪùϵ⻰ҵʱҲĺ塣֪еĵϸǼԺˡ

ʱԺëĲһ˵˽ңʹ뿪ëġۡ͡ñۡʹԹͬҴʱһеһԱһӦǸ൱ٵȨ塣һ˶뿴ҡҶšҪʿǾŴ͢УڵˣëġֻּиΪëıҽȴƾҶ˵ѹơ

ļǿԸֳ衣Һ´ëܺãҪһλרְıҽٴ⣬Զ޷ΪܳҽǿҿΪһҽ

¾뿪һ顣

ҽҵֿ˽ˡƺǳ⣬ҡҡͷ˵ôùİһˣΪϯгɼ˼ҰѪߵ⡣˰ҩϯϢúöˡӦôӴ룬ӵҪһ룬ҽúܣҽϯҽɾͲǼ׵ˡҪôͿ׵ͻȻ뿪ˣ˼Ҳ˽뿪ԭҲ˵ЩԭĸظҪȥأ

һϯȷʵҡҲǴȥˣʹǡףũһΪˣҲܻӭаһλëǰαҽڡÿ˶ϳ뿪һġȻ˭뿪ϺȨأ뿪ұļͥʷ񼡣ﻢ£ֻë˵ģӲͷƤס

ҳȻǰ;δԾӦ뿪Խºáǣ˵ҿǹԼǾ֪ʶӣͥ͸ʺϯҽý׼õģûʷҡ

ңЩͬϯûУ˵Լͼͥϸҵһϯʱ˵ˡҪûнһ˵㲻Ҫͬϯˣǿһ¡

ڶ콭ȥһҪ¡˵£ǿǹˡԼͥȥһЩ⣬󣬶ڵʱ״£Ȼᷢ£ЩеΡο˸䲿ζ˽⣬飬ʽۡҲ֪㻹ǰĹɣԺκˣҪЩˡ

̸֪ĽԺʮָˡ˵ϯĵˡǲ˵ҿǲˡúøɣû

ֹȻ鲢泩

ҸоԴԺ󣬽ұÿˡÿȥһлʿʿһ裬Ҳʼ̸ҽĻˡ̸ķʽͷܿëѧġ̸һĿòİ취̽Էʵ뷨֪ĶԷͬʱָԷһֲʽĺ¼ŵ顣޿ɻԣⷽѧëѧ൱ɹֻûëô

߼ֻһֲظëĻҳʿɶֹĻԺ󣬽ཫǰʫʻС˵ĿΪԧɣӦ֮С

һ죬ǻڹݡһ磬ĻʿңЦض˵ͬ־ȥк°

߽¥ڴڿƬͬкƬЦ˵˵һ쵽

Һܾȥӱëĩֻ˶촩·û뵽ڹסôáůһŴëߴ¿㡣ѵֻ¡ûÿ絽ֹګګ˵û뵽ϯסôãûдļ·

ָָ߼˵㴩̫⼸һΣóȥ

˵Ҵų¿Խ͹ȥʿ԰سҵı˼˵ллĺ⡣˵òſȥ˰ɡֽСдţȥ

Ҿ³ϡƽʱҶŽʮСͻȻô󷽣ûпǵĹԱô룬ȻʹҳΪʸ֮ġ

ȥˣ˵⼸ڹݾеձչġһΣ㲻ܣΪ㿴ˣǻἵʣ͹ˣȥƴǰɡ

ȥһᣬҵң˵°ɣͬ־ܸˣ˵ͬ־ȺֱΪʲôûͬ־Ļĵĸأɲ򰡡˵Ժ˵л˵

ȻϣԺźʿ˵һһëΣ͸һӣĵһΡҶűڿഫ˵ҡáⲻѰһ֪ëҲ⻰ϣȥëӵ¡ë˵͸ϣǰ֪

ë֪಻Ҹ㡣֪ΪëҪѽڡżֺëߵˣҲֻǺ˵˵Цѡ

ë˵ǡġɡ±Ļ

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ע

ëĲ÷ܹѵķװʦ䡣ɷװλڱĹ֣֡

ëһľһʮµıҽױӰܹҽѧѵ뿪ǰ죬ȻعڱҽԺһʱ䡣ëȥʱڵڶеҵ



һƪ һľ--һ

14

¹󣬹Ѿˡëᵽ¥ڡΪ˽¶ȣڷͰÿͰڡҵ˯һ֧ȣķ綼ȵġ

ֶ࣬ӣҧסӣ͸ˡ

Ϊ̫࣬ëƢʿǲӡֽƵҽʿϡӻᴫȾűҽǵΡ

Сش齭ޣˮ࣬޷áдӺܸߡӶ࣬޵ģӡҹ󣬾ͳŰĴӸͽ޹ʡȥ˲DDTʱ⡣

ԽԽȣҶܲˡǽȥȰëرë˵ҲȣЩûаꡣٵȵȡ

ҵʱˣһη籩Ҫϯйë뿪ڼ䣬쵼ˡðۣձ۸ŹũӦȶ١йʱһЩ߼쵼ðʵë

ũѸٺëġ

죬䡢˽ȥ齭ˮɾɾһͷԣ֪ǵ˼ʲôûлش˵ϯ޲ȥ̸ˣҪ齭潭ˮͬ־˵齭ˮ࣬ͬ־˵̫зУΡǶΣǵס㿴齭ˮ಻ࣿ˵

齭ޣڹݹҵΡܸɾൽʲô̶ȾͲ֪ˡ

ʲô취飬Ҫҽ鱨澡á

ڶʮӣʿͻȻң˵ϯƢˡΪʲô˵Ϊˮ¡޲¥ϯ

ߵ¥ʿֵҡޡ˸ɴ߳ͷ󺹡ͨ졣εЦŶ˵Ҫ齭ˮˣϯҪ齭ˮˡ

ʱë߳¥һɫ˯ۣһ׳̿㣬Ŵһ˫ƤЬ˦۴ͷԵͧء˴Ҳܹȥ

޺պëİȫΡڱëİȫǲ޳ɣëڽˮëһУβɡ

ͧʻȥñͣʻͧԵ֧嶼ֱ£ͧԡëͧϹŵݡޡաһһˮһжӵĶԱˮ󣬽ëΧһȦ³ͻȻֻëӾ㣬ȫֻڿˮ

ĽԼһٶ׿ˮˮ࣬ˮɫǣżзëˮУӳһ䣬ȫɳڣ΢·˯ɳϡˮƯֻʱֱ۴ˮڶȡ

ëεúεԱ˵ҪɣֽŲҪֻڱ任λʱһ£ʡֳ־áԿԣҪ졣ë˵³ȥ¾ͲԽԽžҪضǰţǺܿѧη˶βˮƮǺܾԺˡ

齭Ư˽Сʱʮصͧϴ塣ͧϵţһԷ

УëʮָˣӮһ̡תͷ˵˵ˮ̫ࡣ˵ǵģԱ߾ƯŴࡣëЦúϲ£˵ҽı׼˶ȥˡ̫ܹӦ⣬벻ˮôôɾҲţûдˮʣ˵ࡣҪˮܻãĬȻӦ֣Ҫü仰˵ɾĸǺѰ쵽ġ

¥ȥҪ齭潭ˮ䡢˵Ρ齭޺˵˴д󣬵ȥ̲˵Ҫ齭Ρ˵ܲ潭Ρ˵ҪڳΣ˵ܲ齭潭Σȴ˵ԡ

˻ЩǹϽΧڵ⡣޺ëİȫϣκһˮ㶫ʡίһȻҪë齭ˮʡίëĳˮĵ

ë˵˵ҪıûеףеסɺµȥΣұ档һжӶӳǾƿƳ˵ӾγǷǳðաˮļдߡûγëǵһҪˮɳˡ

Լʮ죬´人ˡ˶˵ɲ齭Ҫȥ̲һձѪ没˵ϯɡҡ˵˽ȽϺã˵Σϯ᲻š޶ź˵ǿҪ˳˵ΨΨ˵ǡ

һȥë

ܽţɽˣ˵ëϺĻ˵㲻Ҫˣش𡣡ºˡëʣ󲻴󣿡ͷ˵󡣡ëʣж಻ࣿ˵ࡣëʣȥ̵ó𣿡ҡͷ˵̲ëʣΰɣͷ˵ɲΡëŲ輸˵ҿûȥ㻹ҵһжӶӳأҹҿŰˣվδëֺҹ˳ȥʱڿƺסˡ

ëͷת˵˵˵ҿг񣬲Ųæ˵ϯΡ˵֣ë΢΢һЦ½Ҫ˵һ죬ë˵Ǿ仰͹ˣҪ˵ˡú׼

˳ֵҡôشȲ˵Ҫʵ𣿡ͺ˵㿴Ϻ˰ɣҪ˵ҲҪˣʲô취˵ⲻǰˣο˵ʲôǹԱ˽㡣Դˮ¼󣬵һжӡ

һ꣬ɹݳרеɳë׼潭ʱɳѵʮȡסºĵڶ潭

潭ˮж׿ˮġӰߵߣһɰءһˮǰڽߣëԶĺʡ飬ͻȻˮҧһڡɧ˽еȥҽԺ

ë޷ӦޡԱһΧëԡҴûдҧҩ˵ˡ޲Ϊ仰ҲȣΪֻëı

˵Ϊʲô䲼ãȲ߶ϸ˵ʡ˵ԭ´ɽ½˭֪ϯʱҪͣˡ

˵ϯ˵İţҪɵ˭ҲסԺôһˮؽʮﶼҪ׵顣

ˮԺˮƺܼëȻƯţġ潭һСޡëε˰Ѳͧ漴ӵݸӡЬ̡ǳϰֻӾ㡣

СüСéûëߵһǰһλŲ·̫ţǰ첹·ẹ̸̈ëʣӹ̫Ų֪ǰλëϯԹԲ·ëһΡǿ˵δ̧ëһۡ

вСʹΧë̸ʱ޵¡ʱϾһƬߡ

Ǻһֻʱޱú̡ԭëͻȻϰѵصĹõսľëߺ󣬹;ɳһʿȥӡǨеľ񡣹ڵïܵٻʢ˻ŽصĴ԰Ǹ̫ŵȥˡ˵֪һֻ֪ǲ˵ʵѡ

潭ַһû뵽¡˳¸ʱȻУҪԭ潭ûˮǰһЩأˮһǣû˷أϺ֪νһм䣬Ūһ࣬ҷЦ

ë˵ˮܰȫǴصЩһû˵꣬ëЦ˵潭̫խγȥ

ûСʱǱ人רС

Ϊˮ˳ֵ׼סڶдһɽġšִרԱװд˯ϢһСϴҿϴ衣ë쵼ëʿؾһһڵִԭеĹȫ룬Ǿִϴ˰ľСͧѲߡ

ģҲ人޽ĵطëˮȥҷ׷ˮһжӶԱʮëΧγһԲȦ

ݣָɿˮ̽³壬˲ϢƯʮףҪΣֻҪƽ⣬ȻѸ˳£ûвˣҲûС

ˮиоˮҵ̫ͷƺںˮеɡ

ˮȺУִ˴С̧ͷСľ׷׻ִԼһ״һЩˮִӴˮȥʱ֪ʲô£ëԱߣëҴʲô£ߵˣҶĪ

ȵصִ֪人˾ٵˮʱȴԶžˮˮˮ³壬ˣ˼ˮȵľϵǽϣѾǽƣˡ

ˮƯһСʱ䡢ִϽңк˵ͬϯһ£ѾһСʱˡεëԸë˵°ɣ˵ηǲ¡ë˵Σյ£ֻҪ׼Ͳ¡׼ã£Ҳ⡣

ָֻˮһ£ҲӰΡСʱȥˣޡֽëк˵˵ȥѪˮë˵ʲôˮȥ˵СʱҲˡеǰûгԷôãҲˡë˵ǺãȥԷ

ִʻ˴ԣëȥ˵صˮ˶Զ˵ġʮ˵ˮƯηǵһΣԽԽ䡣νݣ˵ⲻˮˮƮǲ÷

ëϴ쵼Ƕ˿ǰرšͬ˵νûгʲô£ٵȼˮǳʮĴˣ

Ҳͬҽ˵γһѺϯˮи̣Ҫͽȥ

ִϣëʮָˣ˰ˣë˵һԡظëһ˵ϯһëЦ˵ôȵ죬ʲôƿԺһ㡣Ҷһɡ˵꣬һھƣ˵ٵͬ־㵹ӦӦ˳ô泱أ죬Գ԰죬˵

ص˵ϯǸô꣬ǲ֪ϯˮεôáϯ뵽ϯʱ˵춷ض˶һΣͬϯһܵ棬ϯǡ

˵Ǹϯôãϯ£Ծǽ̶ҿɲϯ˵ģЩǻʯԽһġ

˵ϯǸüֻ֣뵽ȫ뵽γȫӰȫϣǰ˲£ǰ˲¡

ëǸ˼ˣ˵ǲҪҴñӡԴҪסκǲϤ£ҪһͷԣԲɣǲ׼

ͬ־ɲ޳ɣת䵽׼жȷ̬ȡ

˵ġ࿪ʼҲһٷԽˮëΪˮƢ˵ˮʲô£Щŵƺݡڹǲ޳ˮʱҾͬǲһˮϵĴٽɡ

Ժëֻнȫ޳ҡ

ҲԹЩ쵼ͬ־һë̸ͬʱ˵衣ǶǺõġǵĵطҺôΰԣЩķеˡëҪʲôô

Щ˲ֻڷëˮҲڰëëΪйµδͼģ󣬴ðգëйѸٽң쵼СĽΪ״̬ë˵Ϥ£ҪһͷԡЩɡëΪũ绯ͳоؽ⣬ȫڡ׼ëĸĸ߱ĴˮѡΣաֻҪ׼Ͳ£ͬйڴ󵨸ı侭úܽṹ۷磬ٵǹ̨쵼ǲ֧ëԶļƻЩط׳ԸëĽŲë˵ڱסˣͷԿ飬񹤳ûԭϣһߣԭϾˡ

ëһļѲУһʤ̡

ëˮķʽͳй--ëʵһЩǰδУͽΣյйԾĻʱһ£ëĴԾĻЩθδȫΡ人ëһγҿʼģزëаõıɽһǡ

人ʱë˳滮칫һɽڳϿ޽ϵˮӣֺ飬ˮ֡ë˵ҪϿ޳ɴһݡּʾǳ׽ˮֵİ취Ͽӵ޽

ϸɲǿѧһ򹤳ʦҸ˾ãϿĸĽ뾭ȷļ㣬Ӵӹ̵ĽҲպԤϡë滮ë˵Ͽûˣһˮ⡣

ڵëдһ״ʣˮͷӾˮʳ㡣ﳤɣĿ档ܷ紵˴ʤͥŲյÿࡣڴԻ

˹

ǽ߾ͼһŷɼϱǵͨ;ʯڣضɽ꣬ϿƽŮӦ⡣Ժë˵е䡮ڴԻ˹򣡡˵ĿϷӵĻʾŸ¶նµġԾǧŷĶ࣬Ϊʲô׷仰棬һ䣬ҹ󽭱ܲһַܷȡľô޿κεأ˵ͨŽˣۣܿͨϿԹŴĴĹºܶ࣬ЩȷǻȡܹĵġֽϿƽһһɽǵĻǶ̸ͬһ롣ûаգ̸̸ǼƻϿӣˮȱˮҲһĴڳˮλ̫쳯ͷֻʣʯףµũȫҪûǺ׷ݻƺӡϣ̽Դ֮Դ˵ƺӲġǵ˻ƺĲ쵼ġ紵˴򡰵סëӢơʼﳤǣëҪΪԼһľ޴--ǾǳϿӡúһѧҺ͹ʦͶϿӵĹ滮֪ëԴӵ룬ͬë֤˹е֪ͨĿѧң˲ʱ޳滮ȻԺЭ̻µĿѧҺ͹ʦǣʵرǵı滮ëʮ꣬һžŶͨڶ͵ëˮëڳˮͻȻҪرʱ¡Ҷëս⣬ҲӲ̽ʡëҽƱҵΡǴëӢ(ҵ)СļУһƴճʱɨȫľ޴䶯֪ǻرұ⡣

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ע

ëı޲£һйָθߣԤƽڶڶֲ֣һǧ˰ֵǧ֡һŰйʷ(ֻڶ)ϣëļƻȻǡðֱֲһŰŴﵽǧ֡

ʫʵë쵼ðĻ



һƪ һľ--һ

15

رëңҪҵ顣һë̸ʱ˵ûв²ࡣҿ㻹ҵ飬ٸɵҽ¡һֿ˵ĹëҪҳ˶οϢ⣬Ҫод

ǳԸ⡣ɾͻεǷȥˡҲСȰҽܡҿǣҽѾڡܼĵλټ飬ҪΪľ֣ش֮ˡҽƹѾʮּѣôͶأ

Ҹë˵ҲУֿˡһǸҽⷽС

һȥǰëҰӴȥ

˵С̫С̫ƤұӶ׳ҴӿɲáëһЦ˵˰ôС΢ֲý˵Ϊ̫нܴȥګԶ¶ȥΪʲôܴȥ

ʿֵҼҶţëĻ˶ԵôŤҶ˵һ䣺ʹҾòϽᣬµԭί

˼һ˵»ϯĻ졣Ӱ̫󣬹Աӡ㵽֣ҽԱֵࡣǣϯȥҵǴȥֵûл˵ҲΪѣڱԹҡ

ʱ쵼˵ľֺ뱣֡ڴ󲿷ݵ쵼춼ȥӱҲһﲿӦҰĴشСڱ浺ĸ״š

ǰҪתңҸ(ëŮʮ)

ϰѧСʱй׶ԺûܵƵĽȴǺʵҺʮòһڱʦѧŮж飬ѧͻѧرѧϡ˰ҴӦ

Ҳû飬໹бҪ󡣽֪浵ӢĺãګѧӢҲӦˡ

һɵóԾѧദګǷȱò浿û

һҴӦ˵ѾӦͬ־ˣɲܲͬ⡣

ʱѾʦй⽻ЭṤͬزιۡ

Ҽ˵浹̫æǵԱϯļңܲʡͥǵֵ̨壬ЩǴ⡣˵޲ҲͬˡҾ飬˵Щ⡣

Ȼͬ⣬˵һ﹤ѾˣٰҲദܲˣ˵㲻֯쵼޲Ҷͬ⣬ǲͬ⡣ⲻʹΪѣ˵ҲʹΪѡ¸ɲáǷ˵ˣګŤһ㣬ټҶЩˣƽû»ҪǡǸܴӵˣӦһôӵʶϵ˻鷳

ʱѾܲͷˣ˵ˣ̸㲻ҪˡҿѾҪŪˣ˵ҽҸϽȥ浡˵ڵȥ̸㲻ܴӦګӢǿ̫æÿ°̫Ҫɿڡ浴Ҵȥˡ

һСʱ浻ˡɫͻҷһģ̸ô

˵̸úܺãҽĿǰĹرʱнӴ񣬻Ҫͬزιۣʱϱ֤˸ګϿΡȫˣ˵㵹ǻὲô˵˵ϸҽ꣬˵⵹ǲð죬ԺɡҾͻˡ

ڶ콭̸˵㰮ôæ˵æرʵ࣬ͷ˵ӢԺôԽˣ˵ԣÿСʱ

һѮëרǰӣëͽסڰ˺¥ګëԶסżҴ¥˵ԭѧҵıҺֿˣסڰ˺¥ʮ¥

ӾˡҺһݼһڡû뵽ʮΨһļڡǺϲطԭǲһС壬ĩӢ˾Ӫɽú󣬷С壬˱γЩ˺йĺŴҲһЩһľԺЩչУΪй쵼˵ڻءںƶһ̵ͷݣһܷ򡣱·Ӣ˸ǵĺשܳ˳ֲ췿ӳԡޱ޼ʣã΢΢ɫ⡣ңʾдȺû

ǰʱ賿䳱ʱ֣ɳ̲ϼʺͺݿǡĵʱۼ˳յʳȥ˵صзǳζƫĿ㡣

һ뿪еıñˬˡ棬΢̶ʪ󡣱ǰɰ̲żһҶ׷ڲӰС

סΧֺ͹ľԡǰĿ¶ʵÿмƤϺɫȿƣζժʳ䣡ڱ򲻵ˮÿ峿ǵвĢĢ㣬ƺеСʱժһûϺףëȤȴá

ӹüɢƽʱеӰӳЩ·еӰƬÿԡᣬĴ̨ҲأΪë׼ģ桢ʱҲÿСʱϰѧëʮ칫ԱһжӶԱϢԡ밶Լǧ׵ĺϣһһӴСƽ̨êסëεϢһλȥ

µװ³б꣬Ƶ͵ѹںϣʹëҲȥιΡȰЧҲι̫ˮзƯʱγȥԶˣȥʵûгɳ̲أ˳һ˽ƺƶˡȥƺ뺣̡źˮڶţ޵

ιԺëңڴвȤ˵ǰûë˵ƽ˵˷ˣ𣿡

裬һжƽ̨Χ˰ȫֹ롣ʱǲ㣬ʹë̫ԶͷԽȰëԶΣëԽȥðգǽԡչʾȰЧˡëԡϢҿļ쵼ͬ־̸ذ˺¥

ڣǸˡһɹֺ׳ͬһжӵĶԱѾ죬ͬһȥˮȥӰϲȥ档ܶ£һĺ˯ǰǽҵĴãµ·Ҳϴɾ

쵼Ҳڱӣֻ¡쵼˸еë̫ǴȥɽԺϽԡ賡ˮ衣ǺëҲδȥݷǡëҪһֻЧǺͱ쵼ߵ̫ëỳҪͨ籨š

żëϢҺë̸̸첻ˮһȦˮƯΡϲ壬ûжʱҵĺسԾ֡ҷǳÿμңҪëϢúòá

Ҳͷ׷ˡǾ塣ϸ΢աһĵԺˮʱëնӰˣܹΪ˾нׯ϶СĽëУڱʱҲټ棬ֻйĵ

ɺļȳģúҪң͵ëǡ

ëעĿշת͵ȥִС

һ١ʱԼʮ꣬ͷڶŨ΢ų΢¶ëڵʱǺҲëεƽ̨

ÿʱע⵽̨ϣһĲͷͲˡˮֻɳ̲ԽһݡÿˮƤЬΪֺԸ˿

ǰüλӸ˲ٺӡĵڶǰŮҲڱӡκܴԾʱԼʮĹˡͬëһԶҲë衣ëһֱйоءεĿŻ磬ֺּޡ

ೣŭҳźĿͷû뵽ʮѹֵļʺͲȫȫһһ⽫˱ھ

ëݵĽɫܲͬëϵ쵼治¹ˡԾëƽƽΪвɻȱһԱ

һëϵת۵㡣ҺëĹϵܵش֮ҲżӲһ΢ơ

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עͣЩԴʾĵӡֻȷǵλ



һƪ һľ--һ

16

Ϊļ籩ǱӵļꡣвƣëͻȻҴƢǸ谡

һ»صԺ󣬸Ҫҽһε㱨ȥԺһţдëġҪëһµİҩģСն㡱(Phnodorm)ϣëһ塣

ҾúѰ졣ΪԴӸı䰲ҩķ˯߻ȽϺãƽÿ˯˸СʱʱµİҩܲʱëΪ¡˽ëĸԣëһϲҽ塣ǰ˵һһëҽС£һҪġ

˵ǲЩʱȵ˯߲ʱȰҩ׽ܡͬ˵ëһ¡˵ҴӺʱھ͸ϯôˣң˵ҵĽ顣ȫйרҡҸҪٿ˵ס˵㵨ҪЩҪĵģˡ

ҽŸ죬ִ绰ҿȥֻûشһȥ档

磬ëӾأӾɹ̫Ҵչȥëң˵ôûˮҽҪһ·Ӿ㣬ˮë˵Ҫεÿ죬Ҫεʱ䳤˵ֻûѧϯˮԺһëЦҵԣҿˮȻ˵

ҿܲ˵人γÿϯСʱϯࡢѪҺѭһˡëЦ˵ָҴñˡ

˵ҽʵö˶ܲˣһˮ֣ľˡ

ë˵ô֪˵Ϊ˶࣬ͬ־ǽš

ëʵЦ˵ʲôýŵģʲͬҽ˵óںܽʱһ壬һ͹ۼ¼ԺвʱԶճ

ëңҡͷ˵˵Щҽ뷨ҳ˵ҩҽҩҽǵҩô飿޺ҩ˵ɣ˰ʲô취˾ͺˣҲš˵ڰûɢǰЧ飬ڷ֡ë˵ãٳһ

Ǹʱ򣬡߼쵼ˡ꼶ܴ󣬻ûһӿԾٳֻ˵ٰӡëЦ˵ͷͷײ顢Ρֻ˵еĲλİڲΡǧƪһɡͣһ£ë˵˼Ҽ飿˵谲зŸ㣬㿴ëţƢ˵ˣԱ˷ûɣ¡ڲÿգ쵽˵ɡҸʣҽǿһͬȥɣë˵ԣǼ飬Ҳ̸̸

ʱëȫ˽⣬ΪͶˡǸ˵绰ڵ绰ϸ˵˵ͬ㽲˰ɣֻҪ˵Ľ飬ϯ϶ͬġ

ëͽڱӶ顣ЭҽԺТ幺͵˼Ҷҽëɺڸҽ齭ܿøƼ飬šȴʮ죬ëûж绰ҷɧ˵ҽڱæҪȥҪʲôʱԼ顣

Ϊºð죬ëڱѾͬˣڲһʱ䣬ѡ

ڶͬëһӢʱֱëТ年ʮˣʲôʱأë˵סϢɡ˵ôǻػأë˵ʲô˵Ǽ𣿡ëͻȻɫ˵˭˵Ҫ壿˵뿪ǰϯͬ˵Ӽ𣿡

ȩ̈˵ڱĻͲܸıξľҲԸһ˵ģҲ飬

ûŪףΪʲôëôĻҲ֪Сָ˭ͷԵ˵Ǹ谲Ҫұģͬ־֪

ë˵иҲ˵ûӡ

ͻķʹͷһƹ屾Ǽ£˭˿ûж⡣ͬ⣬ҲԾܾΪʲôôƢأ

ߵʿֵңëΪʲôôƢ

źʿ͵ˡ˵ϯǶ㷢Ƣ뿪ᣬ̸ʲô²˵ϯڻ˾رᵽγһЩ£л𳵵İţ̫࣬öġ

룬ë˵ͻȻʹ޴룬Ҳ޷֪ʲô

˵ϯԼͬ˵Ҳͬͣ㲻ҪţҪ̫ࡣ

߯ҼëԱ˴ǵһëô˵ôһϲŭ޳˹⹤̫Σա̫׽ˡ뻹뿪һ飬ȥҽԺá

һصһ룬ν̫ðʧˡҲ֪ëʲô˵ЩʲôҪЩʲôóȻô¡οڱʱǹĨ壬ȡ˺ܻ͵ķʽʹͬġϸڱʱĻͬǿģǡӡӦҡҵͷ̫ˡ

ڶëҵȥһëЦ˵ӪѰɣҲЦ˵ôҾǽˡë˵ҷƢҵһҲ£ǿһƢˡƢȥûˡ㲻ҪϡģԺвԵĵطԵͬҽǲҪҽһ򷴶Աˡ

˵ϯҽ̫ðʧˡ

ë˵εЩҪ°Ҫڰ˴εȫᡣûʱ䣬ˡҽǣ˵æԺټ顣ҪúдǡҪԸ⣬סٻȥТ年Ǻˣһ̸̸ͬ

ˣ岻ˡҲëҵ

¹Ǩָֻԭ״̬ÿ춼Ӣġë˯ţȥ̸һ̸ĶĲԼйѧϰҪ

ë̸йĻĽͣΪ˼ɴʹйĻֲ븽¡ĿǴзĻ

ָĻޣë˵ҡȱûнȡ񡱡Ҳ쵼ָء

Ҳһļڼ䣬ëһθҪǵϯ˾Ӷߢ١ʱΪֻ˵˵ѡʱҶë˽⣬ëϷԡëЩ̸˼ںü£ü̸֮е⡣Ҫȥϯ֮£ʱɼλ쵼ۣδһëʽȥϯë˾ӶߡֵĽԼΪС·ģֻרҪ¡ʵԭ򲻽ˡ

ëĽȷʵԭ֮һÿһʮһգ鶼ܽš˯ƫƫ˯ţҹδ˯찲šëܷ纮׸ðһϾþͱ֧ס찲ųΪëľ񸺵

ëȽһԭл񹲺͹ϯʱƽտͷë밴ʱϯ⽻Լӭʹᷳ

Һ˽⵽ëν˾ӶߡԴ쵼˵ҳ϶--ر͵Сƽ--ʱëѶ˽ġ³ķʷܱ棬й쵼Ժյ֧̬조쵼Ŀںţëġð۵ȵȣʹëеȨʵǽЩ֮Ϊ¡ģƸȥȫȫͶйĴҵ

ëûе̫þ֪οĽһµйڰ˴ȫϣëȷ͵СƽĻɡ

___________________________

עͣٱһ˵һë̸˾Ӷ֮¡



һƪ һľ--һ

17

йڰ˴ȫԤһʮսĻ쵼ڿǰ׷׷رëڱӡʱѿʼк⡣ÿºӾëҲ̫䣬Ǳڿǰϻر

ߴȫһӰٿźǵһٿȫᣬҲǡ˴󡱡˴󡱻нѡµйίԱᣬΪ½ƶָ졣ëԭϣ˴󡱽伤Ҹĸγɾ飬ȷΪйһ޶쵼ˡ㽫ϸڽ͵СƽȥΪëҪȨ渺𽲵ڰ˴ȫҪα档ⱨ뾭ëйĿ޸ġëĻڼҶ--αûͽëĿʱְ()ĵСƽҪëϢμӻ顣

ë˵ȥл񹲺͹ϯȻǵϯٿ˴ΪʲôȲͬҴк˴αۣûвμӣȸҲҿ˵ˡû뿪йʲô˵ҿһأ



Ҳȷ֪ëĹξֱûУȻϲǿý貢ܿ׼۵ëҷɧͷϵĻ˴·(ּ쵼չáԸ˳ݡʵǵ)δõë֧֡ëеж--硢Ծ˶Ļ--ȫΪƷ˴ƶ·߶ĳֱһھŴȫʱ(ʱ汻Сƽְ)ë˼Ϊȫָ죬ëıĻ

˺йĹ۵ëȻ졣Ϊ߻³ķʷֱʹǼᶨߵëĹ۵ǵʽġ

ëΪ־һ֮ϣκηˡ

ëڡ˴˿Ļͬëϯ˿ĻͱĻ飬ں̨α档һ˵ı棬֪ëһΪŭҲǳëȷɾѹα͵޸ĵĵµıУＯ쵼·ߣԸ˳ݡСƽһ򵳴֤йԲָ˳ݡ޸ĵµУɾë˼Ϊһйָ롱仰Ϊëϯְλ--Щʾëĵϯְλְ쵼ҪȨ

³裬쵼ơĻرëйԱʵʩ쵼ƣǱʾ쵼֮λƽȣش߽þëҪԱëҪµһˣ˳ݡ

ë˵Ҫ˾Ӷʱش¼˾ҪģëòҪûļë־úҪҲë˵ġ²棬С챨

ڡ˴󡱻״η֣ëƶӰ֮䣬ش졣˴ë˹ϵת۵㡣ë쵼żȨ

ëƽϢŭĲԣԵֵػعֱӲĿꡣëմŭ⵽֮ķˡëķŭҲʹҵ˿ٶϷԵĸı䡣

һ꣬˴Ļպ󲻾ãë㱬ˡϺ󲿷ֵĹԱ׷ȥÿݡëûȥʿֵҿֵ¼ͻȻܽ绰ãлڿ䡢

ޡˡʲô£ֻ˵ϯȥǴҴ߽ëҡȥ˴ԼһСʱëޡʱźʿſڣú

ޡëҺëƿڴ˵ǲѹëضɽҡѧʲô;ɲӡʦڣȫȺڡ

ë˵ԭ--ޡ˹ڷӵ֯ǶҪ汨档ҲΪֺҸëΪӰȫñְëʱһУڽ־֮£תѰ֧֣Էһ£˷ֵΡ

˴ޡվǰȥ뱨ëһУʹëΪջǲ֪˾ɭϣʹëһһھԱļ֮¡ëȻԸܵԼӰë˽ġܡ

ëʱԶ»ǧ֮﹢ڻɵľԽ࣬ë˽Խпȥ

ëޡ˴˵ҾͲţͳԻëǹë˵Ҫ·ŵʡʡҪȥй뵳УѧϰȻ·Ž

˴ëҳɫ԰ס˵ʱබ˵ôһ£ҹ̿ᡣԸңҪ˵˵޲ȱ𼱣ٿɡ˽һ£⵽ôһ¡

Ȱޣͬë̯ƣתأ᳹׿̨

Ǹëд˼ֱ档ȻٿᣬڻҼ顣ëˣƽιû·ţҲд˼ֱ棬ûиְУȥѧϰˡ

Ƽģѣڷôı仯Ĺ¹ϵðˡԹۣߺҶŶƺȥһ顰ĲȻ޼ɵǰ˼룬һ鹤ҽԺٴһ쵽ڹĶǵġսУ˵̫󣬺οⳡսУ϶ǡսܡߡұ㿪ʼѰһһ顣



һƪ һľ--һ

18

ˡ

ڱӣɡӹϸͿƬǷֱϸȾɫ飬ǶΪа䡣صԺٴȡӹϸ걾ɹ㶫ɽҽѧԺǿںͱЭҽѧԺƺڣͬƬǰ䡣ϸûӣԭλơ

һƬӵȥҲһ¡дë

ëͬҽۡɴ˵ĿǰʮƣЧáʱйҽѧԺûʮ豸ҽһʮЧáһɱԼҽͬţһϴҲûҪΡ

ë˵ѡǾ˲ֻҽģûбķӰ

ʱͬȥʮơëóһη

ҽ˵󣬽ҽһٱ֤ԭλȫƽ󣬽˷ɻ

ʮһϣҵȴĻˡ

ѡ--һҪҽӢȴһǵʱйҽУһλľ񲡿רRushinskiһ߼ҽް࣬ȫҪҽѧԺľ񲡿ƽʦϵҽʦޡ

һӢģë˵ҵҪë˵˼ȥ˵Ҫϯͬ⣬ϣȥ

ëϸѯʺרҵȻ˵ʲôȴҺ޹ϵ

ҪȥĻҽľ񲡽ްȥԺ󣬿ܶкô

˵ϯͬˣͬȥëʣȥˣĹ˭氡˵һλ档־ǿС꣬ҵϾѧҽѧԺë˵ҲʶôԶ߸߷ˣ˵Ժ󻹿ԻҪȥʱëס˵߸谣ʱҪҲԣԺ˵

˻ָΪëıҽǨϺʮһеްϿΡ

ɹ

ڽް࣬ϲõĿγ̺ܽաμӽ޵һʮˣǼҪҽѧԺľѧΡദúǢҲ졣ÿ츴ϰרҵγ̣ҹﳣӲϢ

ҽԺԺջҽұ֤ްԽҵ³ƹ

Ϊһ飬ʮָˡ˵ֿԿʼͥˣ̫ˡ

浵ĸĸԭסϾʮһѮǽǽͬĸס浣ͺסһһϾĹ֪ëҽָϵĹȨֿʹˣǵĵñժˣΪƶǼΪˣ죬رڿǵӺǴ¶ϲá

Աϴᣬ˺ȥס뾯ֳִ޵ԭϷȥҽԺޣͬһ飬ҰϺëǰҽ

һߣëϯҪʱҲɾͳ˴⡣뱣ָԵҵ𴦹

μӽްҽǶͷרҵλġҲ⡣ëڴʱٻţټһ¶ʮëʿ磬ްҲ˺üᡣҼרҵûȥᡣµµͬ

һ괺ڽްϰרҵ

һͶڹȥԺ۲ҽԺң˵

ϯȥðˣ˵־ǿ𣿿ȥ̫æ

˵СԺ󣬲ȥΣϯԲϰߡϯҲ벷ȥΣ̫ţϯͻᷢϯϲϯûҽϯմӹݻѾ˲סڹݡˣҪϯ㣬ôܲȥ

˵ȥû⣬Ҫٲź뿪ҲӦ˵һ£˵̫ˣҪҪ߾ߣ˵ӡ̫

˵涼֪ˡ˸Уȥˡȸֳܾͬ˵ˣԼҽԺˡӶſˡ߰ɡ

˵ⲻУһñ汣ֺ˵ˡϯ˯Ѻͽȥ̫ãſɲáȥԺȥֺ߱Ҵżþߣͬһ顣

ҽëңë˯ڴϡҿƺƣɫҲһЩڴߡʿһ衣ʺá

ë˵ˣðˡðˣЩԡ¶ʮߺݽԺһֱûθڣԷҪһ壬ͬˡҸԺûзʲô֢״һЩ̵ҩͬʱһЩҩë˵ЩҩԳԡԺ󣬽ʿЩҩúͷͲÿҳҩˡ

һӦţһʰþߡë˵һᡣ

ë˵ʱǾ仰ӪѰ찡Ц˵Զ߸߷ˡûˡɣǶһЭչҡƽʱҵ²ࡣʱ㡣ǰһλܣԼôɣǲˣڵ¹רоӵѳ˲ʿ㿴оѳԵòʿʱҲоһЩʲôЩСŪһʵңЩ豸ҪҳǮǮ

ҾϺŪСʵ¾ԲԡϺﲻ׼--

è׼;¶ὫȾȾë쵼ྐྵһֻӣ˱棬춯ءҾвͨ

˵пʱҶ࿴顣ëһ˵ҲԣûʵʲͲȫ档ɡ㽫ҵץпյʱԼš

˵ǾЭѹëϯġּû˸ҷëĻǷɣҾܾͻҲҲŹҲᱻְ޷ơҲӣᱻ

Ъһ£ë˵ǰͬ˵ҵһ飬ֲϣйִʷвٳ￪ͷѧҽģɽ³Ѹ͹ĭѧҽҽȻǺãҪҽѧһϡҪעѧҪ飬㲻ɡ

ҽҲԡҽ鲻࣬һ쵽Ҳ塣֮仹Ҫһ㹲ͬԣ֪ʶҪ㡣ԺҪοϢǿԺƽëֽҴл񹲺͹ϯڷһ֪ͨôۡҶǶ޳ɡЩ˶ҵĻҲϯкôЩ벻ͨҲϯǾûˮˡϯԱϸЩɡ

ҸоëһεĲֻǸð뿪£ξ˷츲صĴ仯ҽԺҿԶ޶ãֻصëĹСʿȥҽԺʰҵĶëټҵҾͰϺ롣طһ飬ԺҲû뿪



һƪ һľ--һ

19

ֿ˸ңȥڼ¡

ëΪ˴ɵĸ--ᳫ쵼Ը˳ݡð

ë˼벻йָ--ΪŭҿʼȥްޣҲһʮһѮй˽ȫڱٿʱëڻһ꿪չ˶һ壬壬塣

ֿ˵һ궬ëڼҾڴϣС⣬𴲣Էڴϡë˥֣Ҳʱ˼һж

ëһ¶ʮշһƪ˵Եһ֡ëԹϯ֣ٿ߹顣ξίԱίԱ߼ɲ߼ԱԼʿļλ쵼μˡëڴ˻˵ϵš١ʿ硣ëΪĸѾɹȻһС鷴ӣ̫٣вڲìѲǼжԡһĽ׼ڡ¼ĴģѪ¼ڲìҪķ

йڲ˶ëһĶӰչ˶(Ŀɲ)εӰ粻֮ͬڣһε˶ֻǵڲ顣ʱëԵڸ߼ɲΪ磬Լá˺ʿëǳѰһԡ

йǸϵܣǿ֯ǹʿһ佨ԡ˶ɡȫйն

Ϊ֪ʶӵë֪ʶȴкܴǡëڹϣȻᳫϡá֪ʶӣʵڲǡźйչ֪ʶӵġ˼족̳Ͼдģ˶ָ뵳վͬһϡԸܸ֪ʶӱ⵽Ĺڦ

ҺսбΪĶ󡣺(һйźȫЭ̻鳣ί)һֱԣëĶãĻٽԡ󵨵ѵ̸˽ͨзԡһЩѽŽ˵һ꣬Ϊ練šԴ˺֪ʶӼȡĽѵںѼ಻˵Ļ

ëιѧۣٻţټǸĲϷëΪġϡ٣֪ʶ޷ǸëָӰëԼΪҪĵʿ(͵Сƽ)߽ëⳡľУȲʤȯ

һ£ë߹Ժ˵ҽУ½ǹ쵼ĴҲëԼĴڻеһΪë绤

ԭǹ񵳽죬һ̸ʱҪ̸дһľ꣬ܶȰ˵Ͷ򹲲Ϊĸ߼Ͽ͡˵ҳϯ뽯ʯȽϣʯǡ޹ëϯǡ޹𡣹˴Լϣëϯֳе˴Σʹˡ

Ȼëٸ֪ʶһٳĬ

ëӴվ̨ϡһյʮգйٿйȫ顣ɸ߼쵼ʿμӡëظ˶½ص㣬١ٻţټʿƳĬֱԸɡȫֽתëĽطλ쵼ҲӦëϯĺ١

տʼǳºͶ΢µףһ찲Ⱥ˶УȺȺڸ硣

ʿչҵ˶

ҲڴʱѮһصëࡣ

һһĹȥǸԽмָġԽԽࡣ漰˹Ҹʲô쵼⡣ëû뵽ʿԽԽУìͷָëˣ磺ⱾΪСвҵ쵼ҪɸΡҪԼľӡȵȣγһʱë˵ġѹǳݡľơ

ֿ˵ĿëܵشûϵļͷתָˡëıⲻҪȨܵɡëΧ˵İķϰΪΪĵͱδ֪ʶӵĲ֮

һѮŴﵽ߳ǹԺ(ǶǸ߼ʿ)Żϣһλ¬Ĳ·зۡ¬ķûڡձϿʱձܱ༭ǵأй鳤ľ(ҵ֮һ)ܡձ

ëⲽƴˡëһ쵽˯ڴϣ˸ðҽл˯߸Ӳɡëоɵġۣܵë׼ݺݡʿ

ʮգһһû죬ëдһţڵڸ߼ɲܴġ

˶ıʱ̸ı䡣ë׼Щ۵ɷӴ󷴻󣬵ط쵼͸༭֪Ϥëķƻġۡ͹ɡֹ֧¡

ëӸң˼Ҫ߳Ҳǡö̳Ȼһһ֮Ϊϡ֪ʶڴţ쵼˽֪˶չ

ë˵ԭɡʿ벻ɿͬˣеŮ潡ëΪһº³ġʷֱ桱ġ¼γȫԵķ糱й๲ɲܵӰ졣ëΪ˼Ϳ

ëľһ٣˵û챨Ӧôְܰ챨·úסձȥӱֽϷɡĲҪ»糤ձ糤滻ԭ糤ء

һ°գձëдƪʾ˶߾Ҫдȵת䡣˵ɷ򹲲͹˽׼쵼ȨսȻҪ̨ëȺɡ

һʮգëڶ¶ʮ߹ԺĽʽڡձʿʽëһ˵ͬһ߹ϵĽȫͬˡ

ëԭĿᳫţ֪޲ԣٻţټʮƪУȴᵽԭûеġݡ߳͡

ë˼--һŽ񣬶Ƿ񣻶彨裬ǲ彨裻ڹרƻרġڹơƻƶȣ塢ڹ̹쵼ǰѻ쵼ĹŽȫ簮úƽĹŽᣬŽᡣ

֪ʶ¾ë󶫵ġëҲ֪֪ʶӼëһʽ˵˵ǸıǴţǡ˵Ǹıҽ磬ţ˭㷴򵳽ȡȨҽ㲻Ҫô֣˲ãȴкıı¶ȣ˰ʾģǲӲǵʲ׼θ죬ô˵Ҹıһ˽ëĿڲһԭë֪ʶӽĵڵһĲʵ䷴

µף֪ͨ׼װͬëӲ죬ȸ˵ʱãҲ֪ʲôطȥʱѾ˶Ҫչ



һƪ һľ--һ

20

רеʻͣëϢʱΪתơڻϷ֣е˴١

Ϊʲôֻôˡ˵ȥëػȺڣɷˣԺʡеľУһжֻʮˣֻһˣ顢ʿˡ

ʱѾʼ˶һ·̸ĶǷ⣬ëڱʱԵþ߰ëڼ̸໰ֱգҶ߻졣

ë˵һİ취Ǻˡ仰˵һӲΪȣָİ취ǲȷѡڶ˱ᣬǽĹضİ취ԭ£йڴˣȲ֣֣Ҫ˱ʮΪüƣ㱩¶һ£ôҿòҲ֮֮ǿϷӵĻȻˣ㣬㻹ôҲͶˣôҾ編ƣȥԭһ֪ʲôɣʲôӣ˵ڴˡʲôɰǷɡ˵ҪзϷñҲÿͽɰɡ

һʮɰɡǻϰ취һɱһɱ䣬ƵľͶҪɱûнˣһӰʱġʵζ򵳽дһƪ½кһ飬ɷ񣬾Ҳ˵ҪɱϽӰǴӰˣǱؽʵζɱˣ˵ܣɱˡһǲԡڶǴ󲿷ֲ׽ҲӰʱġǲ׽ƽߣ׽Ͷ׽ţ˷Ͷɲ쵼ɲпͶֵ취йʷһֱġνû١ǸͶ

Ǿ͵ظ죬Ӱʱûȷ˵ȴҲģȷôôеˣⵥλɣⵥλ졣ҶУԣУڴҵļල£ĸáһܺõķԱܸ죬ܺáܸ죬ҲֻдŻӵܸ죬ʲô취ҿǼҳ˵ǿԸġ

㿴ţ˸õĺ͸˼õģҲġҰţҰ˵һָ죬ţԸＷ̣ˡѵܸ졣Ҳ˵ҲãҲãôһر£һ㱾ҲûУôܵɣΪʲôĸһ£㱾ʵζǿսǰϺҡսȥӰÿᣬʱ׳ݾ磬ܲ⣬رǰʿѪ󷽸ƽд˼ۡСؽô״˶ɷѾȫƽë̸ϯҶˣ֪ȫʵҲϺԹ۶ĸһȻӰʱڿʼ㲽䡣ȥɽϣȻϺϺгʩӴǡëҽйڣۿľǿһˣʱѧ顣һȺڼϣ˵һҲ˵ʱĵĳ档ɼ˵ĿУܻ

Ϻסڻһʯ¥˵ԭһй̫ͬ˵ķӣһʯ¥ͭ¥ݵغܴвľëϲרסϺгʩһס¡

ë˴εϺ֮ǹġҪȫ֪쵼߻ķ˶ʽչϺķ˶ڸ߳ʩë˹ĴֱϺеĵɲ˻ڽһЩսġɡʿС˵ҰͽԱԵӻӢŮԱ

ëʱѸ磬ڶ뿪Ϻĺݡסׯׯԭǰռ̡һ꣬㽭ʡΪʹëסøԭסòĽɺִס޺ů豸ǽ̻Իͣ׳ׯУǵ͵Ľ԰ְ֣𱱾ú԰ʤһׯнɢڳˮ䣬еŹÿСп׽ܶ㣬õʦ㣬ζ

ڷֿƷĪз򷴵¼ʱչ׸ййͨ׸һ˵˺ݣëй䷢չƻëҪȥ׸

׸ӲߣУ΢գȥԼѾʮˡҪ֢״ǴؽʹҪڱʹȹؽڡƺܾãЧ˵йƺЧܸܲʩΡ˵ķÿΪҪҸһλܺõĴ徣ͬʱҩο

ȻҺȷؼӣƴˣΪҲȾơҪһ衣׸̸ͬԭӵĿ¡˵ԭӵըΣһλĲ˷䲡

Ҷ׸˵ҽԭӵоҽ˵ԭӵκɱһӦüԷԡ

صׯҽ׸Ĳ̸ëë˵׸ͬ˵ǵԭӵ͹ˣǵԭӵɡԱӻǡʵǣҪԭӵǲĿƣǵǴ˭ĿƣҲµĸǸ㶨ԭӵˡҳ˵дɡ޷졣˭ҲҪơơŻǣƣҾͷơ˭ҲҪǵ̫ϻʡ

ë˵ԭӵըһǧǧ˶㲻ʲôɱʮʲôôСֵأëҲδЩ(ʵζһ)ҲֹЩС

ëںһεĽǱɺݳרеϾסɽ긽ԭڹĵһʱ£ȡһʮȡëȣʿÿϴͰëֶԷ˶˵˲ǱðŴ󺹡

η籩ݱؽţοϡ֡ɵıۣë˺ܶࡣë˯ø٣̸ʱҲ࣬淢ܡ

Ҳʱֿ˸ëӴࡣ̸ëֵĿڵ£ëòڵͽ⣬һ¶ԸʿɵСƽ˶ڰ˴ٿڼ䣬ëϢëʮŭëָġСŮˡ쵼Уˡ֪֮з˶ʱণ˵ľ

ҵĺ֮ǣʱʿδ漰ëôĻһʮ꣬һ꣬һ귢ǽֻǵ÷˶ʱʿĿֲоʵëʼʱʿ湲磬ĿǡðЩ쵼ëδϵʿȺɡ·ߡ͡ȨĺϷԡëû뵽ʿԽԽ񣬹ìͷָë˵ͳΡëʱͷ͵ڷͬ־쵼Σһǹ⣬˴Žľ档

ëԵڸ߼ɲһ׿ʼİڣëٸһһԺëţҲĸ쵼

ԭëΪ磬Լá쵼ںëķŭʿ֮£תֺ֧ġԾëڿЩ쵼ëʱ跨Ȩģ׼Ժ

ڼ䣬ëϾٿȫʡǻ飬ʡίǽμϾ̫ȣൺٿ

ëרȥൺ̫ˣҶȰ˷ɻëͬˡվı͢һʮϾҷֳܷɻϡڶëʡίûʡίͼϾĸɲëǷɣһ·ͬ

ൺȷˬˡϾ¯Ǳжˡൺشɽȫнֵ߸¡࣬ݶǵ¹ʽġ⵽һߺשǽ׺ܴԴԵɫСëסԭ¹ܶĽɵӭݡһرĵ¹ʽһСɽϣൺС

ൺһܺõˮݣëȥι۹ë˳ɽѧתһˡѧǽവʮʱʵｲεڡֲιൺķ𳵻쳧ڵʱйͷĹҵһοĴ󹤳ëൺľɭϣÿܳιۣھڶ࣬ĺ档ൺֵгˡ

һʮൺٿȫʡǻ飬ǰգеۼڷɺĸ档ձëһ--ëŽйΪһǿ幤ҵҡëʵìܰٳ--쵼һԪ̸Ρ嵽ʶ̬ͳһ־ëҪһ꿪ʼʮʮڣӢȽңɵ塣һ״ë̳

ëݻĹУδܵ淴˶ķডЩҵСʮңԶȫëļ̸ƺҲûдκʵСֻģܵëе⡣

ൺΪ¸ýͷö



ڶƪ һ--һ

21

ҵǽࡣ¾ʹҲȥൺķƷǳɹøź

ë뽭סӭ¥Ϻͱ˷ڡסڶ¥ֻס˵¥ϵ˳ͰðϢãҪ̰ߣ˵

ൺϢǽϢϢ

ɺλҽСһҽҽԺѧϰ󣬽ûרڿҽҪҼĹ

˵ͬϯһʱҿԼĹǲһʱҺѼܡ˵Ҳûж£ҺϯһʱҪʱ򣬿ûʿ绰ҵҩֻôӦ

ûþ⡣ǱϳӭݼҲѮŴ꣬ʮһӣĻʿ绰ңñе㲻ͨ

£˵Ҳûзʲô֢״ֻǽñе㲻ͨûʿңô졣ʿ˵̫ˣȥˣȸһ㿹ҩٿ

ʱƺܴ󣬿˵ǺꡣҼδ£ҲɡȥȫҪ͸Ҳûа취ˡοֻǱе㲻ͨûбҪ顣

˴ԼСʱʿִ绰˵ͬ־˵ˣҽˣ͸ҩԣǲΡԺ󣬾ý⻰ЩˡӲͨһ㿹ҩͳ˲ΣЦοڴҹûʲô󲡣Ҫڳ洫浽ļӣҽ̫ˡڵ绰˵ԸҩԲٿɡ

ڶ죬ɺѾ긾Ƽ飬ҪرȥںԷŸңҪ㣬Ϊҹ㣬ûȥ˵Ӵ󣬰ȡˡ

ȡҵظͬһԷʵ̸ȤֻǻѡԷʱʮַǰҪԴٽҩҪԲѪ򶨼ҪһάѣֲƷʹ˸о䲻˵âڱҲ˵ʳȫ

ëָðˡµൺʱʪëÿȥɽר˽ԡˮëѮԺ󣬿ԼӶ࣬θڲãԾûЩð̵ҩЧͣˡ

һɽʡίͬ˵һλҽҽܺãҸҪëͬ⣬ȥëë˵θðǲã㲻ٶҩʲô취

Ҷҩ˽⣬ҸһزһТ年˶޲ߡҽ´ικõġҸë£ȰëԿ

ëͷӦ˵ô֣ҿ

λʮˣ߶ݣ񳡣ȥʮʵë¡Ȼ˵ʩˡҿ

󣬿̦˵Ƿ纮ھۣйֻҪһ纮ͿԺáʱëЩͷ˵㽲ЩҲͬоɡëһ󹪣˳ȥ

һҵסֽͣǷ纮裬ҪɢҩͿԺá˯ǰðҩ£Ȼë΢żЧˣΪѡëϲκζ˯ˡ

ֵëסңһػҽ˵ļ򵥽һ飬Ȼ˵βǸ鷳£ϯһΣһβãҲˣΣëԵЩΪѣë˯ҩҲҪαҪء˵ǱͬҩĺɲһԾ֪ˡë˵İ죬һΡ

Уˡ

ͬķˮҩԼҩȷû⡣谵ҩƷ鴦޷Щҩֻ뱣ۻҩݵķӡ

ëÿأӸõزһרó;绰ֱͨı绰ʮž֣ʮžϺڣרͨкڡֵ绰ɫ绰ͨķ־֡ɫ绰ǻܵ绰뱱·ͨ

Ҿ绰绰ֵġֵͬίԱɽʡίǣ֮£Ӧû⡣˵ЩҩôҩﰲȫأҲûа취ΪҩҩŪĳɷ֡ãҩķݣһͬԣһҳԣһͻر֣һݸëԡͬһεƷĺ

ëűһҹĺоͬǰࡣڶëͬһΡΪ纮Ӧøоˡë˵ͬǰࡣ졣һΡ˵ð纮ѾûˣġķһЩκҩϳɵҩ衣ЩҩһһݸĿ𲹵ãûкëͬá

ëǾ˥Ҳ޲ߡҲȥů͵ĵطëתͬ˵ൺõļǰ£̫䡣ൺ£˰ߡδԺת

µһϣëȥҵ£ߡ˵Ҳûθˣסȥ²ë˵ôʹظɡ

³뿪ൺرëĸðתá



ڶƪ һ--һ

22

رĵ죬ë̸ͬ˶ʵҽѧķҡҺ֪ش𲻳ë˵ǡɽвˡˣ㵽ЭҽԺȥĴֱʦͬѧ(..-...)̸̸ͬҡ

ЭҽԺȫƵҽԺ֮һҽ㣬豸ȫҽԺԭ˷ջһľģʽȫ顣һЩҽ䵽ҽԺɵίӹҽԺεί־ǿΪսʱܺҽѵ־ǿ߱ҽʸ񣬵ҽԺܹѵĴ޷ܡǸϸʱγɷִһС

ҵЭҽԺ˼λͬѧ̸ҪǣЭҽԺĸԱɢֱ𴦣ҽԺҽۺҽԺĳרҽԺΪȫ˲ŲмڡټٻšʱϵĿһȥԺתë

ëɫǡǳֹ˽ò͸ȥ˽⣬ҡ

ҲμһȫԺдᡣϷ˵ļͷЭҽѧԺԺڶҽԺԺ˺ϡԵˣʵҼʦͻʿܵĽ࣬ҽԺҽҽԺ˽⣬λʶδԡ

Ե˶ڶ˺һ᲻ӵ쵼ȨµȨ֧ȨȨܵһ仰򵳶Ȩ᳡ϴڵҡ

Һͬλҽǹ쵼֮ʵǡҾ롣ʱë๤꣬Էǳë뷨ҵ뷨ûԼ˼롣ҾëԶǶԵģδøвͬ뷨

ȥТ年Т年ҲǺˣǰĸУҽѧԺԺתΪЭҽԺڿΡйһרҡ괺Ҳ˵ڿΣǶڿƵҽȥûзȨǸΡ˶չľ

Тһңץסҵ˵˴˵˵һЩͷĻֽΪµȨ˵ҿûҪȨ˼ֻ˵ӦöԿڵҽҵзȨ

˵ҪҵЩӳȥ

һȥ󣬽ϵëرĻëˡ

ëЦ˵β˽ˡȨǵ쵼ľ֣Ȩȥ쵼ʲôëЪһ˵ộôˣŴӹȨҪȨ̸ס

ֽТͬЩɲһǸӣˡԺҪ̸̸ӹ˽١

ڶ˺³ҡ˶˶Ϊɡְ·š졣˺赽һСѧﵱͼԱڶŵݣ˶ء

Խ룬Կë˼Խ룬仰˵ſԽӴˡԲԡҲ֪͸ĵȷʵҲν족Ŀġë̸УҾëԵ˿󣬸ǸĻᡣë˵ɱʵζʱҲˡ֧ëͷ˶ëǶԵģáǽй

ֱҲһ꣬ʱй⽻Ԫ˧ҡ˶Уʮ˱ɷӡÿλþٷ֮ɷӣԩ鲼ݷġ

ҲʱҲ˽ⱻɻʲô--˱ְȥ͸Ӫ족ݲëǺشϵĵ˻֣˭ðģ޲˵ɱˣǡ족;ϵĥ޷ʹ˸ʹѡ

Һμʮӵ޽ʱ΢͸ӪĹ⾰͸ӪУһֻԶʮʯͷ˱ʮȻܲס̱ˡΪɷӣҲԡݲУʹʱҾͱϴֻóѣˡ˲ݲж͸ӪСƺëνġ족ʴЩ

֪ЩΣеǻ˽⡣ëҲٰʾ

ë˵Ҳ˵ũӡεɣ⹲ǧˡǧ˼һ𣬾һСĹңһͻ¡ǲǼǷɢڸλôһǾ˿ǧ򣬶һʲôǵ˾벻ͨҶԵںö˽ˣǾҪӲͷƤס˵ѽѽסˡǴǶסˡ˵ͬһ򵳽֪Щ˭ˣͿԺúǡ

ҵһǧ񹫵Сƺ˼顣ʱҾë϶ĵֵԴһɿӦøЩ

ëҲұİʾ--йյë˵һĲֵ

ë˵ôˣһǧʲô

߱ʽգҺܸмҵʱ֪һ˽ë֪֮У֪ʶܿĥԼһز뿪ëйÿëٻȥһУͬޣ޷ѡ

ԭӦ׸࣬ȴӶ֪ʵأ˽⡰ҡľ޴ģأһ޷ܣҲΪһ޷뿪һ飬Ҳ޷װɵӡй˳˵ѵúͿ--Ǽ龳׷ǼںͿͿ֮жȹҲòˡֻҲȥ



ڶƪ һ--һ

23

Ԥһʮһʢףʮꡣ³رȫ򹲵丰գʢ١ëϯʮֻ꣬һľ궬ΪʷǩѺͬ˻ԼһιëҪȥһĪ˹ơȫ˶еݱغáȫŽᣬܡк嶼Ѹչ廯ëݵŴźƺƵǰĪ˹ơëͺ³൱

Ԥʮһ¶ȥ

ҸҽԱİšֳָǴŵרҽëıҽǰСȥԴһǸлൺκϯһĪ˹̬ʾᳫҽ

֪󣬰ϲǡ˵ʹˣ䡣ҸЩʹ±棬ʱĶȣů򲻷ġ˵һϯûҵȲˣǲˡ´ͳһë²ůҶֻõƤ̵һƤºһƤñӡġ

Ȼëҩ⡣ûҩеҩġҩҩЩݸƤ󡣴ˣҪõʱ򲻹áˣ̫ռطҲôοҩζ̫Я̫Ѭˡ

̶һ취óײһѺƷˣҪȳ˻ǰĪ˹ơֻĳθðҩƤҩĺضľװðҩõɰ⽻ǵƷʹдĪ˹йפմʹݡ

Ϊëн״ҲҪһλʿСҽҪϺ칫ҵĻʿȥǱ칫ΣĹҶͬ⣬Ҷ˼ǴһʿȥΪͬȥԲ·ʡáλʿҽԺѵĵͬҵĿΪһٴĻʿȥԶʡǮҪұ֪ͨ׼

ҲΪëһλҽңõָʾǣͬëǰĪ˹Լë;ȼ棬ҡ칫رڡȫ۵¡ԿѼԿѼ޲ڡر͵ę́ƣһƿƣһ˼꣬ҿ⣬æʹݣһƿ

ͼ--һĵӭӡëλҽͬһܷɻйԱһܡ

;УϵĿС㲻ӽƬΣҲһķؼӾơɻ;ľ˹˺Ͷľ˹˸ͣһСʱ͡ض׼˴ᣬȫˡë˵ˣʵûгͷʲôζ

λҽһ߳Ժţһͬҽ̵ĻȾƵĺôûжãͰȻ˯ˡ

Ī˹ƻ³һԱǰӭӡһɽӣĲ׸Ҳˡ׸Ҵк˵һЩʱëԱߣë룬Ҳ˵ĵ°ɡںԱһλĻޣԱΨһŮԣԼҲʮңֹЩʡ

³ͬë˿ķֹס¡ҴԹ۲죬³СëǺкصģ³ë˵ϣܶסЩӣʮһ¶գʮ¸ڣסëڻ󵽺ںסһʱ䡣

ëԵñƽʱһ֡ëһʼͶԺЩ䵭ȻΪǷʷֵܱŭδӻķֹ·ϣҺëע⵽ϵ˴һӡйźܻԾֱ֮ë˵³ʷģﻹ

ʮڿëԱëסҶŮʵ޹ڴȵ󣬿ķŵµĹ˳ë̺ߵ컨崹ŲõĵơǽЩФëסңһ䡣ëĴľûķֹֻʽͰëòߣȡһʱպϡ

ҺҶȡֿˡšʿëλʦͼλԱڹڡй쵼ͬ־ҲסڿķֹڡԱֱסĪ˹ùݺйʹݡǺټ档ֿ˺ͬסһ䡣ÿ˵ķڶƻӡɿǡˮȪˮֽ̡Ʒǳ࣬ʳʢ

ëһֱ˸߲ҡëƺδرע޹ݻֽʹܵĹдһľ⵽֮˵һʱҲһʱҲ⣬ʱ壬ʲô˶ۡﻹǹȨĹġ

仰Ҽӡ˵⻰ʱ΢Цִ飬ʱôãȻǰҵʱŪ壬ǿЦ˵ʵûд𻰡

ëȥĹʷ˻ȦҿʷֶСɱ⵹ʹ˿˺ܲ˵ǵĶǶѿʼãֻ档ʱҲ벻ʮһë屣ĸ鳤

ëĻȤͣδʹԱһò͡εĪ˹ƴλʦһλʦˡĪ˹ƺλʦëˣÿͷйĸռһ롣ëֻϲ˳ԡҿëƫй˵顣ȶʡ

һԷʱȥëһԷȻҲŸճһëķʦĽθڴ󿪣ԵýζëҳԵúܸˣ΢Ц˵ҿ㲻Թӡ

ëĻļѿ³ëۿ硰³ǹİй͡ǵʱѾǵڶĻëûþͿȥëûпپ磬Ҳûȸ˵ëԺ³˵ⱲӲܸ(ָ)㻹аɣ³˵ҿɲˡ

ڶĻսë˵ˣûȥˡԺë˵ôýż·ý˲ܸĸ𣿡һëǹⲻȥĻΪ˳Ц³

ȥĪ˹ƴѧݷйѧʱëŶ¶һ˿֮顣ʱйѧÿ˶һƾɵްѧ·ѧĻʳԶԶǿڵĸɷˡĪ˹ƴѧľסҲйáͬķ䣬ֻסˣйȴ˸ë˵ǱȲϡ

ëͨ쿪ᣬϵڡҺԱʱж

ֿû£ȥףݳһָݳᡣÿĿˡڹڵС͵Ӱӳ͵ڶսʱƬӡǵҪ̴

⽻ĺ˵רƬӣ̫˼ӳ˸շвõġĶٺӡһ仰һֶʵڿȥ

ԱǴŴúܺáδһдĸ߼Ա׼񴬡̩ƿͽ磻׼й̡ę́ƣ廨Ь˿˯¸һ㾯ԱŮԱ

¥վڵľͬǻˣʼǽʱ˳һЩõ͵͵زֵʱ¥ڵţǾ֪Ҫ̺;ˣǾ͵ݳһЩȥ

λŮԱΪйˮƽãҽĹʺܸߡֿע⵽ҵĴرϸġӷǴԸԸͬѣԸһйȥһؾˡ£ôЦ

סڿķַֹһʹʮֲ¡Աһϴ䣬ÿŮԱɨϰߣϴһƿˮйûˮϰߡƿˮϰͲɡ

ˣһ졣

Ҷλ˳ǣߣװˡͻȻÿ˵ӡʮַСһ飬˭ҲûˮˮϴȻÿţÿ첻֪䡣һӲ֮࣬ͻȻȻˮ֮⼸λСĽǰַšãĺܡ

ҽβëë˵ҶֱǶ¡˼ˣͲҪ顣һôˡ˼ұã֪

ͬȥλǵҽɴʹݵսķǵλҽȥסǹԢӡһ䷿СǴ廨Ь˿˯ºƿę́͸

λҽʱ֪롣תȦӣͻȻó¬͸ǣΪ񡣲˵͸һһ¬ܲ˼ƴǣȴһѽӹȥˡҵʱ󲻽Ϊʲô¡·ͬ˵ǹ롣غܲǱǮԼˡ

ʮһëμ˺쳡ıʽȺСëͬ쵼˼ųĹϡվĹ࣬ԱǰɳǵĵǡὲӢ൱ңʱӢס˺ܾá˵ǰǳйջأƺԶԶԺлȥһĹҡ

йһͶں͹ڵıʽȺԭͳϮģʽˣҶ˷Ҳʮֲ쳡ļʯȻ׳Ϊʮؽ찲Ź㳡һй˾ҪһȫĹ㳡

ʮһ鷢Ī˹Ժչһᡣë˵ơëºܸߡεĪ˹ʮ⡣˵һİ˼˹ˡԡ˹˶һεġĪ˹ԡܽ˹˶ľѵָ˽ķͲԡ

йڻˣʮ֮ڣڸϣҪҪӢʱԱȣǾʺĸı䣬ƾͻ᳹׸ĹۢڡҾǸ̫ˡҪʵλУҪȻ˵˭㣬˼ҿ㣬㽲ʲôá

սҲã˹սԵҲãҶ˫޳ɡϸýŵ㣬ڸͻŽúһ㡣ⲿѹڲŻܷŽᡣĥҲͷø߸ߵ˯

ҴӺ³Ļ¼У֪ëһʮһĪ˹ƷƪԴݽʹʮ𺧡ëƪݽǡܹ족ëʱûиŻ޸ݵ˵ʮڳӢֿԡںʱУ̬֧սԵߺ͹ʽžƣ޴ëƪݽƽҹ̸һ㣬ֻ˵˵ѡ˼µĲԡʱëѲˡԾӢۡ

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ע

ҽëĶ﷭ԽȻͬһ䷿ı

ëйʮڳӢǱ³˵ʮڸҽû³ƪ˵(ע³ףʮ¸ϵ˵)Ծһαãܶһһƪ˵СͬʮһʮգëĪ˹Ʒǰձ𡰴Ծ˶

۹ں³ëһĪ˹ƻɼǰKhruschevRememberspp.250-257



ڶƪ һ--һ

24

Ī˹֮ʹëܡһʮһ¶ʮ뿪Ī˹ƺë׼ԾʱйĿǰҪ֮Ѱ֧֡

صϢëͳ˷ɻ˺ݡѾеִ

ںסڣֳ˷ɻȥ顣;ڳɳʯ̻͡ʡίС۵ӭӣëϢһߣëûͬ⣬ڻ̸ͬë˵ϵũҵϲȥΪʲôֻһ



ܻش𣺡ϵֻһë˵ͬ㽭ͬһγϣȻҲ㽭ƣΪʲô㽭Ͼֻһҿܵ͵Ϻ죬˵

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죬ȥƢ˵ʿĥϰߣþŵĺܡҪʿᣬٹ

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ˣëҽ಻ԡԽֽʿԡһ׼öԸࡣ

죬̸˵֪֪ʱڽ㣿˵Ҳ֪˵ŵͻȱҲͻܹ취¹ϡϯ˵˻Ƕıƶϡ㽾мӣֻҪ϶£ʲô˵㣬ҲͷҪ˵㣬ѵúܡҶͶ֪𣿡

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˵ûʲôֻҵĹҵĸʺ﹤һϣʺϵˣԽҡҽױҵĹΪʱѾѧϰˡԵòͷ˵Ĺʺϲʺϣϯ

ʿȫǵ̸ͬҽ򣬽ǿˡϯôæָͣ治¡ϯ⼸仰˵˭أ

ʿ˵ǽϯԺϯġҿ˵ࡣ

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ڹݣʩңƾͬҼƻίԱμԺԺ鳤ϰѫһܷɻȥݡ;лͻȻǰͷ˵

Ұɡ֪ǷˡݺݾҽԺƾסԺڼͼҽԺ¥ܣȡԴ˺ûϢ֪һʮһ¾ȥˡ

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ǳ壬Һͺܶ׳ʣëȴ˲١

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۱һһ귴ëġðܾӦʡؽ塱һëʼǱʿ֮һëָر㡣



ڶƪ һ--һ

25

һҸоëԸ˱仯һַԵĻɿ־壬ҪһֱĻʱȫΡݣٻرֻ˼ݡһ£ëչ˶ϴβͬǹԼԼˡ³ɶٿɶ顣

ĴʡίëŵסڳɶʮĽţӡţдռܴ󡣰ӺһԡԺдвɴأСͦ鵺У軨û졣ʯϲ˲̵̦ԶɽʯԲããںϳһƬ˸⡣ëɢʱ˵йĽɽˮɣʹīɽˮɣȻݡ

˵ˮạָ̃΢̡̣çԲԵָ̣ԶľɫҲ̡˵дĴɽ֪ʲôָľǲ軨Ͷž黨ֻĴƹԭĺܡ

Һܸطɵءһ죬ӳɶЭʹѧҽѧԺתɽϺҽѧԺҽԺ뿪ɶʱѾʮˡҳȥݷλڻӵĸУ

ЭʹѧУԭдУ羰֮ռ֮㣬ȫ֮ڡУ԰ҵĴѧʱʢáĿȫǡ

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صţӣëҶЩʲôҸҵʱѧУȥˣѾʮˡë˵ʫдϡҡ䣬཭̶ľˣ˺Կ˵˾ñεĵطǻָпġ

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ĴʡίȪë磬ëԽʱƴǡȪǰԺݳëͬˡ

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ëԽţӵӾرһַԵĿ־壬ҲʱҲŸоëı仯ӾȪȫģϺӾ˽ɣṹȫһ

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йңԿϷӾţҽƳؾͲкֱۣԻɡκΪκǰˣǵӾͱѹסˣȦ⡣ѧ˼ûţǺΣաʷҲеľ񣬿Щ£ò

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һ꣬ëĻ--ȫǵĽʦ͹--ҳЩ̸Ļëꡣ

ڳɶëҪִּðֱǷ˼壬ɲԶηĴë־ýôӿŲ

κηԵˣɡë޲߾üƻίԱǰͽɾΣʡؽ塱һ·ߡ

Ҳë˽𽥸ı䡣Ȼйѽ徭ƶȣ׼ԾɴڡëͶ׼˺ũǡáġʱ׼һǵ۹塢⽨塢ʱĲʲ׼ɣһʲ׼֪ʶӡ

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ëóɶ鿪úܳɹָڽͨʮ߸顣

ÿ鶼ȡǰ˴ƶʵľ·ߡ

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ڶƪ һ--һ

26

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ӢңѾ飬Ҫֿ˸ְͣʡٽһнҷǵķԹ⡣

˵˵ֿ⼸˵ĺ̨ҲֿǱ绤˸ԺһܿǣҡܸӣҲˡҲϯָңԽ칫ϯȥ״

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𴲺󣬵С⣬ͣͷϵͧڼװϢʿңëҪӢġҴҴͧͬë

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Ҷվţë˵Ѿϯˣֿ˸˽ʱֱͬίͨ˵绰

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ִˣ޿ˡ

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Դֿ˵ȰˡһηУֿ˰˸˴ĲǺ죬Ǻ졣ν칫ġ¼Ƶ

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ڶƪ һ--һ

27

һļȫйȫˮĿУͶ뽨ˮļͶëйǰߡˮ岻ֻϵġˮһɸйĹϵͳũһ棬ëҲ˳Ͷëһ֪ʶӵİũɾ

Ѯشʮǰˮ޽иأԺίйأѧУ̵꼰ӶչͶμ޽ʹҲ׷ײμӡ

й쵼þУ࣬¼ʷԵһ̡

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ʮˮ⹤ϣ˳ӿͷܶëһȺ㻶׶ƵӭëϯĿںš˾Աʮˮָһӿһ·ëӵָӲ

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ʱڼֻЩߴ·ߵˣҲ֡Ⱥڡ֪ʶӡëһ̫ţһ굽ͷԺõģסõģźдȥһũëͶĺôÿ--ʲ׼--ӦȥԵࡣ

˵ǺáҪȥһˣõƷͻϴ·

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ڶ죬ȫֽͷ϶ëŲӣΧŹԱյƬ١Ƭʾë߹ԺգнӽȺڲμͶȳϡΪëʮ䣬ΨһһͶǰ󲻵һСʱ˼򵥵Զȫ¼ͶĿȡ

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ȥֻһһʿСæҾԼ֡ҲȥӦȥҲǴȥ˵ţëתͷԽ˵岻ãȥ㲻ϱ˵ĺȣǼȥ

˵ֻʿչңҶá

ڶҶȴӣǵʮˮ⹤ءһڵԱͱеĸɲɣһͶʮ졣죬ʱҪҵļһࡣ

ָӲָΪչǣסɽѧĽ̡

Ǽңʮƽ״СһŸˣұȼԣתӰˡȣֳ˯ʮѡ

ΪչǣǵͶصڰҹʱϹʱ¹ҹࡣʱѮȵúܣ̫ɹڣͶҪԴˡ

ʱչɹ߻أ·һСʱ緹̲ˡͷʹࡣȻڵϡѧϰʲôͶ硱Ͷˡ֮ࡣ緹һ̫ȣ˴ֲڣԲ˶٣ʼ˯ߡϾŵ

ÿʮһʱʼжӳһСʱءòӲɳʯװװñⵣѹҼϣС·ϵķȥʱʮ꣬ǿ彡ʱһٺѡ֡ҴûоֵͶԭʼߣȫĵͶһΡҹ൱ˬͶһСʱԺȫ͸米ʹ

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һӳɳʯС·ߣɳʯ뷭ڡΪʮƣˣ̧˦ʱŵڳڡΧ˶Ц˵ɲ˦ɾ

һθоԼˡתοԼҪЩűʱӸҪǱɡһһ룬Ͷζ̫ˡ뵽Щɡɡ֪ʶӳ족ܻжأ

Ҳ˵ͶڹϲˡȥмֵЩûͬ⡣ʮëáͶ족ҡȥκٶˣҲ㲻ӱͶ족Ǵ

ͬһͶˣһĸɲûЦҡָңþοʡ

һҹ˴꣬ûзȫ͸ˡ˴磬ûжһ·ôսʱ߹һȥϢһܣҶڲͣšָȥضͶò䣬졣

Ͷʮ죬Ѿǽƣ˯߲㣬̫ÿ·еʹ

һͶ죬һ⣬ҪҪӳ죬ʮ죬ҲǲμӵһͶһͶ졣ԣҶԸ١Ͷȥˣ˭ҲϿ˵ȥҪ˵Ļ񲻳ˡӡˡԽ춼˵ٸ졣

ʱˣ˵ǿһͶˡǵĵ̷ڣͬȵִкҪʮͶ˵Ͷϯ׶ػ֧ˡںʮʮ졣ϯ࣬Ϊ˼һСʱ컹öˡǹָӣָǻȥһ˵һЦһƬЦУ˿ԻϺˣɲԼҪȥġ

ͶʮܽᣬҪѡͶֺãҪˡҪһλĿƳӦñҡ˵ҪԼϸλ߼֪ʶӣûмӡͬһͶڸǿȵͶм䣬ܼܲסҶͬĻ

ףġͶУõ˿ûôٸɵúãڡúãҵҽʲôأοҴᷳ֡ͶʽһֱǱŷСõǴЦ

ҲףҶëͶģë߹ܵǽЩũɲȥˡҾͻʸ֮ġԾԲܱܽ

һǸӦø֪ʶӣΪ˾ͶǿԼܱʧȥˡ

ҶȻϲܱ˵һٱʾܱӦֹͣ˱ҡ

ۣױһˣȥƺÿ˶ƴͶˣҪ͵ȫΧ˵ϯߵ˾ǲһǸ˰Ͷģһģ飬ȫܱǽԴϲԲⳡͶ

صҷ֡ȵ廪԰ԡȥϴ裬ΪвķĿʮ˼ۣҪ

صļĸ׺浶˵һô࣬ڱ԰ɡ

浶˵Ҳȥһءȥϻġ̫ˣɹһƤúϢһ°ɡ

ҿɲϢ֪ëȴҵġ족Ҳȥ桰ͶĵáΪұ֡ԹһصϺ

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ڶƪ һ--һ

28

ҽƷ˥ءΪزӹԭλʲܰͽᷢסθáͷƺѹһԳܰʡ˵иꡣ·硢¹⡢һֿ־Сʧ֢ҩȥȻ˵ҩ԰ҩ񫡣Ҳ񫡣

ʮʮֳɹԭλȫ

ʱҸëıò顣

ྭʮԺѪз֣ȫѪϸƫͣرǰϸѪСֽͺܶࡣǱʾദڷƺĻָڣشС֡༸Ъ˹ҴʮˮͶ󣬾Ҹ֯ţ˸רҼʱڣӺż塣

εļĿࡣҪҲøƷֿ顣Ϊ˱񾭽ţҪ죬Ϣٲ顣϶ȫ飬һݡԼҽǺȥǳءıʱ䣬ҽͬ͡

ԺҽǾһۼҸоʮּ֡ȥѾӹҪڼ⣬ҪʵƷѪ򽵵͡ûзʲôҪļ(˺ֱ꣬ʱΪֹʮ䣬Ľһֱܺá)ҶףʮԽÿûӴ̫٣νȺӣƱγԸϵĹƧӣͼ˵ĸ˽Լо֢״ֶأȴǻڽ޲״̬˵һЩ֢״ʵ˥ı֡Ƕڿҽ޷

дһ飬ֱ𽻸ëͽࡣ˵ϸܵļԺ󣬽ͬ־ĿǰڷƺĻָڡȥһǿƣ߶Լĵֿҩ⣬ҪܲμһʱܵιҪμǴʮίʵĲ֮һ¡

ΪΪϲǷƵĻָڣزҽǺӣࡣָһԺҪҽۣ汨ʵ

ҽ޿κΣһַۡҲʲôĥʲôԴʿʹܡķƵĻָڣǱ𽥻ָУڻָڣԭе˥ֲ񾭹ʧֳһЩ֢״Щ֢״Լоĸֲ

Բ⣬һҪ˵زڼַܶҽҲԸòˡ뽭̸ʱĿҽ˵ܱ֤ûУҲʲô𣿡

˵˵μһЩ̫նûоݡ

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ʹҴԽǽ飬ֳƬϰÿܲμᣬӰʹ۾ԹӦ࣬ʹȻӦӡԴ̫ȭ

ë˵ʱȭҲ˽ҷڽ̫ȭΪȭʺϽͬԿ˵ǱͨϺ˶ίԱᣬһλչ˵ȭʦë뽭ʱס±ססլΪëλĸϯġÿ˳ӹȭʦ̽ȭ

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ʿҿ޿˵ʵڸɲȥˡڼ任塢ʿǸ߸ͷɥߡĿͷǣй˿ڣ˶úܡ˭ɣ˭ߡԸɵĶúܡ

ʱҺͱ־ֳʷ麲ֻһĪչ취˵ҡǵЩѣ˵ʲô취

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ʱƿԣֻΨΨŵŵһͷһȥһֿôһˣëȰĳϵġ

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ڶƪ һ--һ



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ڶƪ һ--һ



һ죬Ƿ˳ÿҹһ꣬հȴƵ졣տйʷĵһաȫйһƬڡֹ۵ĸ߰С

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ڶƪ һ--һ

32

һЩԼԼӰë档

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ڶƪ һ--һ

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ڶܻͣƺϣѷ˷ɻֻͬʿˡ

Сʱᣬ»ڶĿẮУֻ˼£ë¶ûдҹסʴ˵αʱСëסڶ¥ߣסߡů¶ȺܸߡһʴţͶ㷢顣ëҵηӣЦ˵ǲڴԾУ·ˣ˹磿ëֻڶ졣

ëγѲúĶΪ˽췽Լ־ɲСëԭϣ÷ɢȫĲũĴɾв㾭ù͵ȨơëδֿУΪȽҪǴʡ

¯ȼҲСй壬ũΪְֿźͼҾ߶µ𡣶ִĴֳúĲܺáëͬʱֳúǲι˰ɽ͸˳¶ú

ëĶ֮ʹࡣֻúȼϵĴֳƷʵĸëδֹͣԺ֡Դľ޴˷ѣԼ¯ĳɶõĸ֣ĵص㡣ëԲѹƹĿȡ

Զرͣ漴ת򡢼ϣϾϺٵֺݡëСĿҲҪܽϲԴһӾ⼰϶Ҫ޵빫ᣬѧˡҲϺֵ£ҶëľӹʡĬĬӾأΨëʡ

ҵν¼ᣬйֱίԱᣬֱίȥֱίǣ춸˵ڴ֣˵ӡǣ˵˵ЦЦ춴һ᲻˼⡣ЩΪ칫Σɴûлᵥë̸̸ëһѲȻǷ̩ܳˡ

һ·;ιѧУ硣ÿһص쵼Ҳëķ֮¡ʱȫýţëĸ˳֮練սš

ϰΪʳǵط׳δΣëϵĴ

ֻҪëϯӲ죬Ͼͻáӱ鳼ɱεĹйͳУγɸ̡ܹβƵĶ

һ·о򡢼ϡϾϺֺݣȺڻëϯꡱ֮춶

⣬ë޺ҲҪëܵȺڿȻӭĳ̶ȡ

һгУ估ǣһ̸ëڸزιۺ̸Уϯ˲йعҵũҵر⡣ƽ͹ּԼ޴ռб˵ͶɹȵĽͬйϵǴ֪Щ޷ë˼γָʾ´

ʱë·ʡеĵί׷׸ë̸Ҫ㣬һЩĽ飬ʾ桢Сƽ֪ëЩʲᣬûа취Ҹӣ̸¼Ըë̸ëͼ´ָʾ

Ҷ˵ȥëʾܴܲټԱëͬ˵

жΣơëͨýʽ˼Ļ߱ë˵áȫйũ׷׽硣뽫Ļߣһõ̫

¾͵ñëװװˡѵǣȻñëװһ̫װȥëᷢ֡ǾɹרŹȽ켼豸ʮָ豸רϰװװװʵСȷڵ֡ȵ棬һ㶼ᱩ¶ëרеĲͳҼԳװСȡӵ¼Ҳɣڸڳڣ˿¶šִ칫ҪҵһˣŸ¼ԴᣬëÿΪԱ֮һСëǰ¶棬ñëһˣʳ¶ڡҪһˡʱ㿪ë۾ҶңëȥһЩдסҲװװá

Ҷһ˽ľ˭Ҳë͸¶Ҷͬ˵˭Ҫϯ˺¼£˭˭ΣҪûдкֻڡ

˭ҲԸԼǣȥοǵֻ÷ӡ

֪ǣһأĻУװһУҲ˽ιררͷ˵֮һ



ڶƪ һ--һ

34

һ¶յգй˽ȫϺС磬޳ͶʳȵȣҪĿ⳥ͨһ񾭼üƻݰоָѹ͡һĸָ꣬һ꽵ýΪкʵʡëĿ־岻ʳȱָ꣬˷ëִԾȺڴʹë֪йٴ󼢻ģҲδ͸¶һȫڹȻǰӢľ棬ΪʳԽֻʱǵͲɲɵĽëڹлȻռࡣ

Ϻڼ䣬ëרͣëסڳûסдԭǣһϺڣʩ׼סͬ԰ëϲһ棬ԭ춣ëרϵרоֵ泵ʿԴûȣԿ³صϡï·ĽֲëʱԼ˽˼ɣλʿڽֲ˫ԡʩëϺŮԱ͸質ҡЩŮ̫󣬼ʶëϲᵥ׿ƵŮʩҶ˽ëãÿĹŮӵıݡ

ڽڣ¥ͱ¥֮½С÷ӳӰݵطϷһëѲӣ·ɳʱ㿴йغ硣οʩ򽫺ŵϺٴݳ

ҹë˵˳ΪϰˣԻʵú˵ξǼҼҽԾҲ仰дξʵ۵ξʮؽ෿ɱ𣬿ǰѺĿһ飬¡ֿһ飬¡飬Ȼ˵ǳΪġûɱһ죬ܰ෿ͷƺͲˣˣΪԼҪɱͷˡһͷͷ˵ϲξʵˡһ٣µĶȫ³ˡɼԼξĹ

ëڻУᳫҪкر칫ӡμӻˣҺٴѧϰ־ë˵ҪҼʷѧоһº𡣴ձʼ౨־ϵйغ£ϺͱϷ硣һӱȫӢۡ

ǰԣһ꣬ԾһϵйĴʩѼ֡ͬʱҲ㷺˵ٻ˵󻰡㸡ë̸ͬʱ˵кܶļٻһѹûа취ֻ˵

ʱ˭ҲûϵȻĻ»ȼ㡣᳣˼ë塣ëǸӶìܵˡ

ëΪʵۣΪԼԲߺ;ϵĴ˵ٻ˱ƭĽ

ҿë֮Ƴ纣ëԼĲԡë˵ˣֱֱԸɡΪ˹Ҵ壬촦Ҳϧɼ֮СɡΪ淢ͼξߵļ鳼γɶԱȡ

ëһٺٽ滰ʹڽգҶԹȫȻ֮ʱΪëڴԾڱȫ˽ܻ࣬ἰʱֹǳѡ

ëΪִӦý滰ʽԻȨĻЩ߼쵼˵Ļ޷ëɡֻһΪ񡢺Ұĵ˲Żὲ滰˺̳λ

ëйʷ͢еĶȨëΪĳ͢ȻҲ⡣

˸ŪȨĸ֡Լʹеë˿͹۵ʵҲΪڳΪٵܰݸֱ˽ĺëᳫѧϰ񣬺ǰһν֪߳ʶ湲һõĲԡֻӢëʵܾ˭ĺ˭ֻǽȨ췴ӡ

ë߼Ҳв֮ͨëһйʼʡ쾵ۡ󲿷ֶ𴫵Ӽξʵܴʮ겻ĻӹʵۡëսΪȵϺԼξġëΪЩӸλ͵ط쵼ǼξӦЩԼӢ䡣

ָǣë˵ѹ棬治ò˵ٻëν棬쵼ɲʵ棬ëԼһᣬй˴λ顢顢ɶ飬ëһϵй󡢹ͽѿ㡣ëᳫĺҲãֱԸҲãԸ͵طˣᳫԸԼ»Сִ˺¡ִĺ³ңëǺ顣

ʮյإٿ˵ڶȫһλ顣ǰëϻر½ѡΪл񹲺͹ϯ䡢ΪϯΪȫ᳣ίԱίԱܶιԺ

һҲ΢ı仯ë˾ӶιϯǰҶͬ־ͻȻΪϯϯְλʹȨԴͷҲʮ⣬չճʱûʾëִй˿˵ëҪȷԼΪйΨһϯĶڴʱչֱȡϯŸ

ڱֻһ£Ѯֳר¡



ڶƪ һ--һ

35

;۴䣬лԺ¯Ҳûд̵ũ帾Ů

ũһƬߡ²κũũļϽ人ǳԽסڶᡣҹʳƷõը׺ͽţⲻˣʱҲûˡдûҲûлżɳԣ߲˺ɼ׶ڿˡ

żǰػҫũĶΪһ򡢶ĵȣȴ˼ġ˵ֵ¼ġһ˵Ƿ˳ԭ׳˶ȥֺˮĵûոõոһСֵȫɸ˱

˳ɳסʡί԰дǵסȻл̺ͱݴҶ̺Ͳ趼Щùζܾˡڶ˳ʱϵճƷĹӦǱȺãһԾɿԳϺ⣬

Сۿע⵽˺ϺͺĲ졣һëλϵһǲѧֶҲͬëɳ䡢ءСһ̸ʱҲڳС˵ȥһֱܱ˵ǵĹúã˵ϾǲУûȻĸɾڿɣùζ̡趼ûСȥͰѿڿˡǺٲ˵ס

С˵ЩʱߡҺƲʡίҲڳڨڨ߿ˡʡĽֵҲԲͬСʳ

ëĳɽһŶ꣬Ҳئǰṳ̂ɽһ

ëɽ֮׷Ѱ;ʱѲ쵼ɲӵɽϷ̨ëɽ̫ϤˣϤһۿκƭļɽë滰ëɽˡ



ڶƪ һ--һ

36

إɳɳСʱ̶һ·ɰСʯ̵·һӻԲڶԺ󣬾ͶڻɰдСȣûװãֻܴ򿪴ӣȫǻ̶ˡ

̶ί黪ӭӣëҵһμʮΪëĽӰ˵Ļë˲΢Ϣһ£ͶԻ˵Ǭ£ҪҡɽҵϼңǸĸ٣ȥԼ

̶ɽֻʮӡëסһԭ춻̻ᣬһСɽϵķڣסɽµһѧУڡȶӺܶ࣬ҹ˯ʱֻʣ˯

ڶ賿ԼӣŴ绰ɽëסԭëһҹδߣʱǣҪȥɢ

Ǹϵë߳Сдɽȥ䡢ءСۺһȺҲ֪ҪʲطȥֻСëߵһƵ¢ǰվˣؾʱҲŻȻëĸĸᴦˡͬľƳͬʮѸһɰ֦ëëɰ֦¢ϣؾëҲϹ

ëת˵ԭһСʯԼûˡ䣺

Ӧúúһ¡ëҡͷ˵ˣ֪طͿˡ

ɽ˳·ǰУߵëǰԶĵطëǰհˣƺʲᣬûҵԡʲᡣ˵ԭһСʱˣĸ״ҵݣǩֹҳԡ

θ˵ȥʱˡשȥ¯֣ľͷúãʱյˡ

ëҡҡͷ˵ϧˡӦũûǮ˲ҽֵҳԣھǺֺܴ֧͹˵ľûмǲеġ

ëתͷ˵㲻ҪСҡҳ˵ҩҽҩҽܹ辫ʹսʤЦɫ˵㲻ŰɡǵҽģӦöþõĵ

ҵ΢ЦǱʾ޳ɡΪҽž״̬彡о޴Ӱ졣

ëȥݡʱëĸ˳ݻûеַĳ̶ȣ⼸䷿ӻԱֵǽݶũݵԭòԺ£ŷźĸũþߡһľң顰ëϯʾӡһСԺ䣬а˼䷿סģëĸǸũ

ëĸֹũũæʱҪũŹѳΪһ֡һëָ˵ϴţĵطëͯ£˵Ҹ׿ʹˡһҪңܳ׷ңΧųܡҲТ˵ڴȣӲТĸ׷ǳ飬Ըᡣͬҵܵһ㡰ͳһսߡԸҸסҸˣҪǻڣҪɸũѹ

ɽʱ䰲źܽաëıԶľӷֻжͯ͸ŮǶˮȥˡһһũͬ

ĹûˡҲ˵Ǽõķ

ëɽ½ˮӾʵصľˮáһλ˵һ°꣬ˮʱ絳ίдڳġæɣ©ˮ´ʱִ治סˮҪ͹ʱ˽ǽл䣬ëд̨ϣ˺һЩϵԱУ̸ʱһЩ˵ʳôԲΪһóһӵϣȵʹ˼ȥѱװûˡëˣʳ취ЩҲ˵ãΪ˶࣬Ȼܼһ룬Բװö෹䵽ϣȥ̣ˡ

ëתʴ¯ǽдɽ󣬴ҲֽдúֻҵúܲļѿŪú˵Χǲܲôҽˮ׳ŰҲжˣúաĶЩҪտˮûйáĹ󷹶˵ˮˡ

ëţĬȻȫһƬšӴԾںʩеЧѡë˼һ˵ʳԲɢ취Ҳ̫ʳˮҪˮ⣬㲻ã˺ɣͲҪҪˡ

ȫɽǵһɢʳãֹͣˮڡ

ʱҺëſʼȫ˥ˡëطɽ֮нлѡѵѽٵʵ人ʱëѲǰһ緢˸߲ҡëԼŴԾĻ·ȷģֻҪʵɡëԸʹȺڵĳɾܵ人һλᣬ쵼ɲʵֲʹȫһƬ֮С˵Ҫϵ⡣Ҫˮ¡

إյִ人ؽ飬人̫ȣû豸ܲˡ˵õൺЩëൺӡ󲻺ãΪһ죬ൺðһ¡

ʩ飬絽人®ɽȥᡣΪʱѾЩʡе쵼˵人ͽȥ®ɽʡʱʡ¡ëͬˡ

®ɽ顣



ڶƪ һ--һ

37

ëϼɽйҪõöࡣйѲǸط˶աϣԶϡĸ඼Сһë츮֮Ĵɶᣬڴʮ곬ӢĿ֮ʣĴҲǶҰ

ܱһ֮Уδ׼ĿüĵʵҿëԼλ׳˴µĺ;У˼ӵĲ¡ʱȥϺĴµӢѾҲڴϡӢҡֿˡСۺȾڼװϣ۷׷ס

ӢĴļ˵ڱҵͨϵͳֵָ̫࣬ߣȻǧ֣½һǧ֣ȫ֣ǧɽҿЩһѷûֹͣһڴԾУʵڹ춽š

ӢһƵ˵ǵһᳫ˵滰ǼٻɣԽ˵Խ棬ԽŪ٣Խܱ˵滰ģëǸܳѧңսʿμңھϣëȫһϲͨȻëĺôϲëԼһᳫʵǣǫ硣

ɴֽë˽ķŵһ꿪ʼܾ֮ҲȥһЩ

޷š֪Ծʽţ֪ɨȫԲǧơëҲΪӢʱ˵ĶʹǸǣҲ̹׵ΣյĵزҸǶ˵Щŵº顣Ǳëϯ̸䣬ʵڲй¶ë˽ϸڡ

ֿԶëڡ¼һĴмûпһֱֳĬ

Щгʱ򣬿ʩءԼĴʡίȪ˹Цʣ̸֣ЩʲᡣӢ˵ڿеĵطˡȪ˵йĳĴûжˣؽ˵Ȼظɣ⵹ûеġʩ˵˾ǿСץסȱ㣬Ҳ⣬Ҳ⡣ϯ˵ġһҶĿ̩ɽڵ®ɽ֮ǰڳĺϣѾԿԵһ棬ǴԾë˼ѹϱɼˣκ˶·ߡԾν˵ģֶʡίһǣءȪʩ֮ΪڴԾУëɵһֲйԱԴԾһֱëѲӣëּ˽رһԺ˲ëָһ·ţԶرӵ칫ҵĺ¼˴ȻóȻ˵ˡһ棬ͨëˡһλԺܹҵͨϵͳıһܾ÷չΪ븺ũҵ쵼ˣƻָ̫ߣѹϣǿ಻ԡһڴԾڣԭ޳ɲʵָꡣһͷԣֻ˳ë˼ԭ׼һԤ®ɽԡٿһȫϵͳ绰飬һͨҪɾ֮Ļɽʵëھϵðв֪롣ëսҲ˵滰δԾڶǵ棬˵оԴԾֺˡЩ˼Ȳܾõ쵼ˣҲִëΰƻĿũҵļ֤ˡë飺Ӣľ²ڶˡǵëࡣֻ۷׷סڳϾҪͳһֻ˵󻰵˵ͨ졣׼ڣͦ۵ˣϾǡ󲿷ֵ˲Ǽʹˡ֪ʵӢ֪񺦵СҲֻ˽ëԾֱëԡڴʱֻӢֱСǿʩȪһڣҲͲٶ˵ˡһ賿ŽʱνʡʡڽܸСӴë˾˵ʡΣ˵ǰϯָʾӴȺڣȷʵܽë˲Ǹ棬ԺҪ򣬴Ҫȥ׵㡣

®ɽĹ·޵úܺã;³ϢΣɽֻһСʱʡ֯һӴӣɽʡίпʡίԱ־͸ʡ˸ָһλպľëһЩ͹涨ҵȣ˵ĲúͰš

Ժ˵ͬ־뿪ϯѾˣϻˡ

ġ˺ĲָӣֻȵĲȥžֽȵĻ˽ʡͽʡί칫ְĻˣɴ˶˷ǳ

ëס˵ԭǽʯıǶС¥סڽһС¥

ɽȷ죬ɽԭһ󺹣ɽеһ˿⡣ܳʪ¥ϴԵĴӣͿԿƬƬƣߴƮڴתִӶ洰Ʈȥ

йξ飬ë¶տʼë˼ǣ®ɽɣĿ̸ʳɻᡣëʮŸ⣬ô̸̸ëμ˴ĿĻ˻ëĽҪǣԾȡΰĳɼȺڵĴݺӣȥһгɼܴⲻ٣ǰ;ҿһ顣

ëļ̿ĻʿԿëΪԾ缰·ȡõĳɼ֮˿ɣҲֲиȱ⣬̸̸ҪĻҪɣҪǰ

ë˵˼Ц˵˵ԾĶʳٶ٣ΪʳֽΪʲŮͬ־򲻵ӣΪʲ򲻵˵ӲͷƤţ㾢ȥɣֶˣܹ˵ˡܵƴãⲻ٣ǰ;

ëĿĻʺ쵼˷ֳСۡΪ˱˷ԣμӻ˰飬һֳɣ飬ʡ飬ʡ顢顢顢ǡ

ëϸң㿪ʮڵĻᡣëʱ飬ɡëȥ˺۶ڡ˶棬谺ͳ۶սĹ¡

Ϊ׼ҽɽҽԺԺ֡إĩئձѧʿ®ɽԺĹԱԺʮʵʿȴʮ顣ÿǶص衣⣬ֽżũĹŵ衣⾰ʿһλʿĹһλԱͬëúˣҲֱҹ䱻еëס̸

ʮ˳ë˸߲ҡ绰ӽн಻ˡë׼ȥӡ

ɽĵʿڹԱᰲŹʱֿ˺λ֪ʶӲźԭҺֿס¥ûװ绰ë½һֿʱʿֻëס¥ܵס֪ͨǣʿ鷳þëס¥ֵ࣬ë˯Ժ뿪

ֿ취ס¥·٣ҵķ䣬ëҪͣ¥ºܲ㡣ë¥ֵ࣬ûëķԸëᷢ⣬Ϊ̽˽ǶȻܾɾëûнֻëķԸҡֿʿ鷢硣

ֻüȥԽ̸ԽԶ⼸ĸ̸ˡҪˡ

һڵĹũɲ֪ʶ֮ԭʹżũɲźʿΪ֪ʶΪҺֿˡ

ëǰһζʦĲѾ˵óԣ⼸®ɽȴÿٷƢ˵ĲáһĹݾ͸ˡǾɻᣬڻһ˵˲óԣǴͻʿΣûиĽ﷿ͳʦĹ

۲ݵʱһӢס̸˽⵽ǵĽԺ˵Ǵ®ɽ飬ԽԽС®ɽҲ

ԭΪһ·ȻЩԴԾëڻ鿪ʼʱѾĴ㣬ʲˡҲûϡӢԺ󣬲ŻһëÿȻȻȥᣬƽʱȴ˵óڲϵ˼θҲá

Ȼû˵ʲ⣬㽲ǷУԼͬڷɧԽԽ࣬رѹ潲ٻҲձˡÿм򱨣鴦ϯǿѾإһˣϯûٽҲûʾ

ʵëһĬĬ۲쵼˶ԴԾë˹ƴëڿĻеĻëΪԴԾ·߲˿ɣȱԸǽëʱĳĬӳĬʵëŭԽԽǡë˵ııΪڻоѾ۷װ趨ˡɻԽԽԾˡëĳĬǱǰ



ڶƪ һ--һ

38

ʮɽϵСٿȫᡣë˻ǿ˵ҪŽᣬ˼Ҫһ¡·ȫȷһȡõĳɼǳȱУɼȣ˲ֻһʮָͷȱֻһָͷ

ëָйû׼Ҫ빲塣ë˵й磬ڹ˵Ǵ磬Ȼ춸߼緶룬ûˡǵǽ翴̫ߣҪëǿڽһȫµĸҪȡþ鲻ѧǲɵġȫ֣إڣȫȫѧǽѧ졣

ëᣬҲûȴҷԱ뿪᳡ë˳ӢңëᣬҾͲٶ˵ˡëⷬȻǸ棬Ҫұ

Ȼˣ»絽סʮ»ëһⳤţν顣䲻֪ݣ֪ëﲻ̹ëҹδߡ

»ĳݴ£һǿ϶һ˴Ծĳɼо˹ũҵͳ֣Ϊũ幫绯⣬һʮһ¼һϵлѾõһЩС¯˷һЩԴȻһʽϴʧǵõȫʵһղ飬˲ټԱɲõߡʧеá

ڶǿܽԾľѵձСʲ׼Ŀԣʹ׷ĴΪԾĳɼȺ˶ԻһЩ൱̶ȵķչ

ᵽǷǣ˼룬һĲȥ׷Ρ֮ǲŽᣬҵġ

൱ʵпϡϧ»ˡǸˣεİࡣԾɽʱ𣬵⼸ʮ䣬ë֮вٴεͻëһֱΪСǡü³ɺޡ

ʮգë׳˯£Ŵһ˫Ьס¥ڣٿξֳίԱᡣί桢ܶ¡ƶμᡣǴǣ䲻ξֳίԱҲϯ˻顣

СƽʱڱҽԺסԺܲμӻ顣һһϺŵĸ߸ɾֲӣǵذ̫ҹɹۡҽԺᣬ϶ӣʯࡣ

ֱ뵱ʱδɽ˥δȬʱֱ֪һ굽ͷϴ裻㲻ϲڴһӣޱͷ£ȫ·硢ˮ䣬®ɽİơ®ɽķ紵򣬶ĥ

ëظɷ񶨵һСڵЩɲ˵ȥԾòʧ

ţдⷽӡȥŵʡëѣߡ֯һף

ǻתšμӻ̬Զܽ

ֻ˵Ϊִԡʮգܲıƿ˳Ϻ֪С۷ֱСϷԣΪŵܵĽǺõģʾͬ⣬ЩᷨáҲΪ»񣬴˳صѹ档˷Զ̡ܼ

إһգ⽻񸱲˳ƪԣϵͳ˵ԴԾֳɼȱĿѧһշᣬ·νإ˸벼ʲάеһԱת֧ëͬëΪܵ˵ļ˵˭͸˭ߡйפʹ⽻񸱲

ŲҲ˵еİѹơʳõͬ͹塭

˵ëϯҪ᲻ͬҪһУҰѻʵҪɱͷЩܶԣǣ˭ɱͷ˭ܲ°Сָëѹ׻˵ëԼ˵İ졣ķԻȷʾ֧»ݣͬʩ˶ŵķѣǿˣҪҪһ泩ľ棬ŻսҪ쵼һַʹ顯ϣܽᾭ飬Ǻܺõġ

ڻзԣвܵʩϣʥͬ˵ĴϺͷָ⡣Ҫ˵ŷëǲԵģΪ˵ҪȸɸǿȫԱֳŵҾ˼롣

إٿȫᡣë˷ԣ˵ڵڵйǣɣҲһˡҪȰȰⲿͬ־ķҪע⣬ڽͷҪҡеͬ־ڴоǲᶨվȣŤ衣ֱֳʲ׼ĶҡԡԡǲɣǰԼ׵ɵıԵȥˣئ൱Σա

ëһָСʲ׼Ժʧеõȵ۵㡣

ëᣬʮֽţȺ֮»˵ν㡣ڻ᳡һϣĬڻ֮ǰ»˽ȥë̸һλ涥ëң»Ҿ˵Ǹһ˵ģΪʲӡ顣˵ҲûиңҪӡȫᰡûа취̸ȥɢʱ˳ȥë߳ɽߣʱɽ߹ëס˵ܣ̸̸

ұͷһ˦˵ڻʲ̸ģ̸ˡ

ë˵вͬĿǿԽ

Ҵ߹˵ûʲ̸ˡ

ëٿ˽ȫᡣȫйȨκ»ʽж뾭׼

౾ڱӵëë˳;绰ᣬɻϵ®ɽإҶȺԼ˳˳˾Žӵɽϡɫֻһ䣺ϯ𣿡ҽԷõ˵˴ϲ˳ʦԲ㣬⼸öˡ

ǰ®ɽش񡣹ȥִһط˥Ҫ˯һ̬®ɽŵĽƣʹ񣬰ٲȫ

ൽʱë˯δѡȥֱ롣ֱʱѵ®ɽûסɽϣ̸Сʱų

ֳ˳ȥܶӱȻȥԺ˲ֵ̳ʩסȥ̸

ûʽֹΡëӰʱξ಻ܹΡκж辭ë׼ëȻ®ɽɳͷ󣬱ʾëȷൽ®ɽĿıΪë󡣵ȵסˣë˯ѡ

ڶ罭ᣬȥ˵ҺܲϯŸڿϯ;񶼲ǿҪעⱣϣŸңǰЩԷܲáʳӪҽΣҪģӦץ﷿ĸĽ

ԣһžȸһ״ҽӪʦ³ʦҵְ֮ڡûзֻ˵ھŽѾˡڳԷͷ˵ͬǲһǸˣ֪ʶϿҪУͿˡɽϲҪͬԼҪע⡣



ǺҲҪ˵˵ȻָëˣҵӢ

¶ٿ˰˽ȫᡣë˻˵®ɽϰеɻζ̸һ٣ûʲص㣬ûнžơͷ˽⣬Щ˾ûɣΪɿ岻񫣬Ҫ졣ҪһֽžƣҪ·ߣƻ·ߡһַѵѾŵļǷ˾Ÿˣڻϲһ⡣®ɽ鲻ǷˣǷҵˡΪŵŵ쵼زҵĺҵҵ

ëνʵΪȫᶨ˵ӣҪȫţڻеķԣҪǼ˵®ɽǰᰵͨΡ

һʵпϵţ͸ëĿڣŤˡ˽ëһڽʷʱ̬ȣеʷƫࡣ

ǣǴ人£ڴϵһЩۣرӢ˵ˣ˵ٻȵۣë˽ȵȡӢĴе飬Ȫ͡²ﵽ˵飬ܵʡʡίһҶɵָ

ľڰյġϣʥкľס⣬ʩء䶼Ƿ࣬͵ˡڻָӢ˵ССͣö壿Ҳں˵ҵʲʸίԱȫϷԣһëһ߱ȫᣬëĹ

ڻһԼĿֹܶ˵ڿίԱȫᣬһίԱǺίԱûʸڻϷԡ

Ļᣬۿ²ľӢѾҪ޵ˡ

ķëʮһգëڻϽ˵»⼸˶޲׼ûо׼ʲ׼ߡڵͬߡ˼ͬߡ

ë˵²ľӢǵţǻҪǡţڴ֮ڡë⼸仰˳¡ȴ֮뷴š

һԱҲܵʮټǿᡣϺݺݵһ٣˵ڸв֪ϯ߹ǵǡǲ֪԰˵֮ܲŽᣬǻŽᣬǻжΡУȣ÷áЩȻصٿ˵

⣬ֶһ涨йһ£йë£һɲ⽲ܶԷжߵλ̸ͬκйϯһ֮ۡ

Ԥеʱɽ¥иĳְ

ʮգëһȫļʾ˵®ɽֵһһ׼ǹȥʮУʲ׼޲׼Կ׼ļͽȻʲ׼Χڡ

ȫͨй˽ȫ»ͬ־Ϊ׵ķŵĴľΪ·ߡ顣®ɽʹ˱Ļ֮ȫչ˶һԱɲرϵԱϸɲܵкʹ֡

ȫʹ硣»Ͻ׼ѡӺЩñӣ⼸ɽӡ֪Ϊ˳ϿҹֱǵĳϷӡ

ҵδǳȫȻӢܵУǷʱҲڳʼձֳĬҴδëëΡϵĽ֪һ

®ɽ򳱶ɽᣬΪëʳֵܲ졣ԭʮָ񲡣Ӱ³𣬾ˮθʹҴɺɫҵҽȥ㣬ʮָѪˡԼƣҩԺɫ®ɽҽԺҪҵϲȥסԺơʱ®ɽýš벻뿪һǱ˻Ϊҳʲ⣬ˣʱ̣ëڹ۲ÿһ˵̬Ⱥͱ֣вΪɽỳ±˽ҷҶвҵ⣬֧»˻ߵҪʳøһЩʳʼơѪԽءɫѾ˰ȰȫʱѾݵòȫƣ

إպľҡеðҪҸһЩθðҩһң̳Ծ˵ͻȻࣿɫҲѿúܣ

ҽҰ³ʮָ񲡷ҲʮУΪѪҽԺʮָʹ󲿷θгΪʲ᲻ȥҽԺҽҵĹǸ˵ûиë

˵ɲУ̺úΣᵢġͬϯȥ

˰СʱˡңëѾͬȥβҷԸҪξҪúΡرסԺɡңѾ绰ֳָҪͬϵáҶҰźÿӾŽԿķɻ

ߵëסС¥ȥͽ߽ңڿһЩԼƬ

עһᣬȻ˵ݶˣҲѿһϯ̫æҲŽţûע⵽вľͬ־ע⵽ˡ

˵ϯ̫æҲ鷳ǡԼҲá

΢ͣһᣬ˵ҸղͬϯˣܿҪɽˡǻһͬߵĺЩ˾ʵǳ춺⣬ʾëңԸⱣҡҵĲʵڲϡ

˵вͬһߣ鷳̻رЩ

˵Ҳ˵ǡˣϯ˭أ

˵ҽϯ½ͬ־ᣬߡ

˵죿Ҳã߿ơ

˵ҾͲȥϯˣǲϯһ¡

˵㻹ȥϯһ£ϯʲԸ

Ҵӽķڳ϶¥ëҡëڴϣڿʷ

ߵëĴߣ˵ϯ

ë飬ң˵ˡһ̫æǺˡľ˵㲡ˡ

˵ʮָˣѪ

ëʣжˣ˵һ鷢

ë˵ǻرȥκһЩҲס˼ˣһҪξͺúóΡ

ëң˭أҸɻݴëʾͬ⣬Ȼ˵صúβκáס®ɽ²Ҫȥ㽲һҪ֯ϵİš

ȻȥҽһҸëͬʱҡƱʾΪѣҲûбİ취ҽһʱë˻ƣֽйëĽ¼Ҳ˵绰ʷ麲ͱҽԺԺջǻȥҡ

һصסᣬ绰䣬ë˵һЩ˵Ҹ㣬رᣬҪעⱣܡ˲ҪúΡϿɴⲻãǧСġڵ绰ϣǡ

ֵסء˵˵һС®ɽҲýţ۲˰ɣ

˵һ鰡ǸȾף˭ȥҲҪȾϵʲᡣ®ɽ㶼֪ˣ˱ȥСƽͬ־ѾԺסڼˡԸúκ˶ȥСƽҲС˶Ҫʼ鷳˭Ҳ֪һ᲻ᱻǣסҽԺҲȥȫˡ

ҽԺʮĩإͳɵ¹˽Ժȫҽ豸ʱıҽԺƽҽԺר߼ɲԼĭʿҽƵȨҽԺ쵼˳ڱҽԺǵĴˣҽԺҲ˶η籩ıܷۡ˻ҽԺ뿪һ顣ұĹ

ڶһ磬ίԱ־ˡһˮŵϡֽʮ®ɽزʮƿؾơ˵ҵʮָ񲡲ܺȾƺȲ衣־˵Դȥˣⶼǽز

һ·ת¡˵ĸˡ뿪һ쵽ŵҪĵطˡҶй͹˻ëеڽ塣ֻԼľᣬθʹ˲١®ɽʱշתߣɻһɣұ㰲Ȼ׹硣˯ʱɻѽ䵽ɻΨһĳ˿͡



ڶƪ һ--һ

39

ңʷ麲ͼջҲˡסԺǰȺȥĸס

ýᣬϼҵԽԽ׾ݡĸ׵ܲã˸ѪѹಡĸʱһֻһٷʽţҲûθڡܣҲ顣ĸ״̫ۣҲûбİ취ɵ㡣

صĸ׶ҵĲܵģ࣬ˡҲģĲ飬ؼҼȥҽԺסԺ

ּ飬ȷʮָѪڿҵǰڳɶҽѧԺʱѾڽ̿ˡŲҪҲԸơʼʳҩʩΣסԺ𣬴ѾûѪˡ

סҸڵλķˣǳ̸֪ëҸմ®ɽǧټƵҵĻëͽ£ֵҺܷ޷ӦԺջһ˲

סԺĵ磬浴绰ҽԺңĸײأ̻ȥ

Ҫ˸ӸϻؼУĸĽʹѾΣ̧ͬͬҽԺȡ

ĸ׵ļΧ󣬼ȱȽϼʱõܿ˲Σ״̬ͬҽԺס¡ʱҵľĸܡͬҽԺڱҽԺԱߣҳȥÿңȻһͬȥͬҽԺĸס

ҽԺҵıӻʱ˶ݱĽšסԺԱܹηͷڱгĲ£ϣÿʮ׾ͺź񳤷дšëϯꡱ·ꡱԾꡱꡱͬĸĴѱУǲ֪ϸҴڵ˶бְ֣ҩƷƷ춨ҴǸĹԱδһ˶ѡҪ򱣽ֻһ¡˵ܴҲûа취Ū˭ͷϣҲֻ˳ܡ

˰ﲻæ

ȫȫ뿪һĹ뿪ԭ򲢲Ǻëϳ⣬ҺҶ֮ĲϪѷչܵĵزһˣҸ롣ҿǵΪǶָʹҪҸͱɵĳʦ⡣⣬һһ쵽ʿ֮ĵͣˡѾʮˣһıƹ

ջ˵ҪˣĿǰҽԺı칫û˹ܣȥ칫ҡ

ûͬ⣬ΪϺʱҽԺȻڱȦǻҩҳסԺָڼϺϾϢ

ѮëصإźëĻҪ޹»ҽԺҡʲʱԺҸңǽʮ꣬Ҫдףᡣȥʮ԰ƵȺڸϹëʮ󹤳̣ӭʮ졣찲Ź㳡յĹģ㳡ʮȺڡ㳡ֱΡΡú͸ʷݡʱ׳۵ı̻޶ôⳡʢܿϧҲȥ

ûͬë찲šʮȥסҽԺ

ʮһУĸײ˱仯һᣬԼȥϴԡˮЩ赹ԡڡȼ飬ǹ㷺ļοɲͬϴˡݿ״̬һֱûкתҸϵͬҽԺļңѪѹѾܵˡڿͬ˵ȹˡСʱᣬĸ춰ʱ˼䡣

һ仰ǣ뿴ӡ

ûΪ񡣱ָϵû᳡ᣬҽǻҺзҵϣԸ˱ɽҲϺϾǱߵҽԺҪȥ뿪Դһߡ

ĸȥϼأֻǲܵġȥ޵áֵܾͬסϼҡ˵ϯû˵Բػסϼȥٽ˭أ˵浿Թܡ˵ú뿴ϯҪȥһ굽ͷҲɢˡ綼Ϻ¥ٸһ䷿ӡ

ͬ죬Ҳֻ졣ѧﳵϺʳãԼСжҹȫСתͱ׶԰ϺһЩ

ЩٺᣬȰסԺƣסҽԺĩ浴ҡ˵Ҫ׼пܻһ顣ڵʣȥֻᲡκá

ϼҿճǼûȥסзݹֳûǽȨʮǰĻصʮҳʵ޲ߣˡҸоʮġʧȥձйᣬҺĸݣһȥʮ꣬ͯʱϼҶȹġйᣬõĻҲǸֲϼС

浺ܽϼҿǵĿСأС޾̸˵Ц

Ҳûа취ԼءԶʧȥϼˡ



ڶƪ һ--һ

40

һʮµһȥ񸱲˱ҡѾ˽žʱһһ飬˵һҪơڸԳֻͬҳԺ

ʱԺ˵סЩ졣˵ڻĸȥˣȥĸһû˹ұʾҲȥ

˵ڿڷңȻ죬סҽԺûд˵Ĳⲻðɡ

һĿͷƺв˼ҽԺĸڣͷ˷츲صĴ仯»Ԫ˧ְµܲıƿ˳Ҳδ⡣ְƵְλһľľίԱḱϯֱ룬ȡ˹˲ëΪָɽ״ѵֱδҪְ

ֱ븦ιٿ˾ίԱ顣ֱ뷢ԣ»ҽһ˵ʲ˾˾ûָӹһսۣûдһʤֱ̣Ǹ˾ֵķԸǾëȿġЩᷨëͬġ

ټסԺһ飬񲻺ױñӡ

˵ҰóԺȥ

˵Ժ첻춼ԣҸǾͿˡǣȻȨ졣

ëʱںݡǰ绰޵ãҪʱǰȥݡʮإգŴǰݡ

ɲãѩɻúֻϽ䡣ǵϢңʡڵǡǣϿһǿѩɻͨΣգǵдסһҹߡ

ڶһǳһСγڱѩ·عȥľȥӵ˺ׯʱëû˯ѡҲżë

˵Ѿָˡϯܸð˰ɣ

ë˵ãֻǲ

˵Ҹһΰɣ

ëͬˡҸ¡΢աû쳣ࡢѪѹͬëЩð֧ס

ë˵Ͽˣأ

ҽ㿹غ͸ðҩֹչëͬˡ

»ָҲˡëܸˣ˵˵леҩ

ҳû˵㽭ʡίһǽͬ־飬ϯգһףһ¡

ë˵ŹգҾ۾ǿԵġһûȫãȥͣҾͲȥˡëΪԾļΡԸһƽ񰤶֮ܿʣԴȡ

ɲûؽҳᣬҶҶᣬЦտ˵аǸһ٣һһ˼°



إëᣬһһȥףաëѾȫԭƺ⣬ͬʹ

¥ھУһ˰㽭ʡҪ쵼˶ˡɽȥëëǣţҪ˵٣ֻǴҾ۾ۡ

ᣬҿʼϯᣬ㽭ʡ˶ڳˣͻɰᣬȷǱзζϯҶĹôͬ˵ȫѣˣԴȣ̫񻰡

ͬСϺǽ⣬ǧйũڰһձǰһ껹㡣ĿǰΪֹ԰˶ⳡĽʱǧйҰ֮ʣҺֿˡȡҶš㽭ʡ쵼ˣףëδϯʮ٣ǰϰɽ亣ζõˡипǧ

Ҹ˵沨ͻܼ¾ģҲ뿪ܶԵסġֿ˳˵³Ѹ˵ܳಲ󣬷Ǭǹ

ͬЭ޷㡣ΨһԵסĵķ뿪һ飬ҵڶεŬָʧܡһйϵһκμɡɡ涨áǿԴǿ첻ܣزϽĵطֻëͳǡһС֪ǵС



ڶƪ һ--һ

41

ԽԽİصļĶʱøθܡչһ꣬ë뿪ݣϺйξ鶨һٿרȻͣվëסڳϡμӻ쵼סڽꡣӢͬ˵ģѾǹڷҪ㣬ƱԽԽ󣬿ԵûѧѻöཻξͨһһԽԽľ顣ָڽڸ߰Σֲֹ涨һǧ˰ʮֵĸָꡣء翪ҵˮȡ

ڼһ쿪ᣬϿϷ衣Ϊ˽֣ϾĹšʡŰ衣ϺԺϺԺݳĿɹҲǻ֮һϺίΪʹɫڽؽֵһŷУ˸ʽƷԽϱ˵ļ۸۸μӻ˺ǵԱЩ̤ƤЬϺë϶гûеĶȱοʱѽʱڣгǻϿտյˡҶ֮ĶԽԽҡҶռ·磬ȨëͽҶ¡ëûнʲᡣǽȴԱҶ˵Ҷʣů˼ë޷ӲˡᣬëŮõǮٷҶĽŹҶŽȨȡʤһʱ䣬Ҷʱͬҷɧ˵ĳ£Ūһ³طȥˡ

˵ϯ㲻ûнߡ

Ҷ˵ƨøְ취ң˵ߣܵöࡣ

һֱԸȥëЩŮӽࡣÿëпˣҲܵԶԶġҲ֪ʵ顣Ҷ˵˲£ʹҲ޷ټװ֪ë黨ǲݵķ¡

һףһصһ鹤ֳԭһλŮҪԱ⣬һŮҪԱ߲ͬÿƤ޳ëϲġëʱëСѧͳʱͬѧЩޣëͷӣʼЩЩ˴ͷѪԴ˵ãë󶫺áһ˵ëĿȥˡһʱڣëֻҪһ˯ѣҪ㣬ֱ´˯Ϻڼ䣬裬ëԡʱҹһӣë޾⣬˻Ũÿζ˯ëȥë

һص㣬ȻëŮѣǼ࣬һֱУ±ֻھεı֡ƺҲϲëԱŮ˵ҪѧѧλĴ󷽾ֹ

»ʹҶëϯĶҡ֪˽ĳᣬҶһȾ̩ɽˣֻ

ȡҶܹܵλᣬһλŮԱҪϺڼ䣬˴ûȡëûʱһ뿪𳵣

һοʩϽëȥ￪ᣬëڡë»ʱոϻëʱţһ쵽ŪŮ˵ǸʲԵġ

ʱʩһΪҶŹְȥΪëİȫġͬг潲ˣҲܶ棬Ƕ齫˵

ϺᣬҶȥ˹ݣȻŻص

Ҷصᣬëͽʮֲ⡣ǰΪëøַѿҶ˵ëߣǰʲ²Ұ죬ͬһ˽ⲻǲãʹûа취ȥˡһӵĳ£ͷ³

ҶʼȥйѾõͬ⡣Ҷëɫţ춻ӿڳ֪ˡ˵ǵвǹСܶһٹ˵ûִС

ëԼ˽ˣֻЧˡëʿǸӢüĿ㣬ҲкܶʶƯŮĻᡣë쵼˷еĵ±׼¼ɲеͬë޷죬ȻһԱϸļҪ£ëòȡж˻⡣



ڶƪ һ--һ

42

һʮɽϺķģʹľѵͬҽëֻΨǴӣǧ⣬˵һһ˵Ƕëˣ˭Ҳûа취ȡ

ֽȥ˲ٽĵö¶ˡǰһֱΪϯķˣûд֪ϯˣҪģȥ£ﲻ㡣һϯʱǽɿ𣬼ͼӴסνɱ˳ˡ"+---------Qɣuu.m"ߵʱʹûˣ㽭໹ܲʹ

һĵһǹȨˣˡһʱĸԵë޷Ӳ˵ĵزһᣬëأضһ鹤Աдұ׳԰׺ȣҪǮչڲ磬ĿĶ֣Ҷš

˸һ£˵ҶΪˡ˶ʼᣬһټļλᡣڻҪиʽ̰۵ˣҪԶ̹ףҪشĬ޴ģΪʲ᲻ǻû⣿ùȥ𣿡ңʱģ⣬һĸֳϷ˭Ҳ˵ִָ⣺ˣ㻹Ʊˡ㲻̹ףһءʱͿˣ֪ʲ⡣ʣùϯĶȥûУֱɰ޺ͷԡվָ˵㻹̹ף㿴ʲ᣿ùһһżٽҷţҷһ͸ëίмСǩˡû£Ϊ͸ë񣬲𱣹ܣҶɡ

λǿ׼ëͼëʱҶѾܲˡ˶һϹԱҸë£ëÿߣҪҶȻҲ֪һĻë

Ҳܲ⣬Ϊǰëǰ˲Ļ·꣬ǡһϺչж

ҾΪҲпԭȫԴ󼢻Ϻǽˡÿ˵һ¼ʮ⵰Ѿûʳ͡ȥг߲ˣǹϲҲõ(..-...)ʵڰа취غ;»֯˵ȥ򣬴Ҷȥ򣬴򵽵ҲԽԽˡ

ϺձӪܶ˵ˮ׺͸ס浵Ѿˮף취˵ƶ᲻óԣᣬˡʱԸëҵǷݶӦƷͿʡǳԡ

ëȻƣҲʹӰ죬֪ʱʽŵļࡣëÿĵļڸźࡣԴһᣬũ½ҵľԽԽѡ쿪ʼëָֻһϰߣ˯᲻𴲣񳣳춵ͳ״̬Ҿϻ޷ʵ

һҸëڸײ͸ײ˺ܶ࣬ԽԽࡣë֮Ա˵

ⶼҽû¸ɡҳֲŻˡҳëǲҪʧҵûˣ

˵ֲģҽҳġ˲ȥҽҽġ

ë˵ͬһһȫȱһ档˳øһڲοһƪϢ˵ײ͸׵УҪʳӵʺ̼ˮ

ǰйֱؽһλҪгʱľ׼ҪλԼ취ʳԼҿյֲֹˣùϲ˴ʳ

νᣬסǰĿյض˺͹ϣϰʱ䣬ҷͷĹȥһСƬءȥг򵽵һЩԼջһЩϲ˵˹Ӧʳ̫١ԹϳԲûͳԼʣҲԲ

ҾëĮӺйļʮֲп顣ҲܴĻ

ԴᣬҲûͬë̸ײ͸סֲƺйƬϲˡ

ëЩָƺڰ쵼ʮֲá˵Խ˵ڰ棬ǰ;ͱԽëЩ쵼ǿҵѣĸѹ

ëǶԼһòëʼˡ˵ҶҲٳˡ

桢֪ܶëˣ˱ʾġҪҳ˻̽ëĿܲȰë⡣պ磬ϻ¹⣬ҽȰëһ㡣

ëЦһЦ˵ˣЩڴʳãҳԡ

ҳ˻˵ǲһ㣬㳢

ëҡҡͷ˵ˣʱ⣬Щ˵

ëԴ󼢻ĺ档ϺԱҲΪϻ⣬мγԵúЩˡ޷ʹƻũҵָ̻ˣëϯ̬Ӯ˴ҵ̾

ڼУչһ硣ʱԴȳɷ磬кö޳Եͼغʡݹƻ̨½˽ʿֱֻǮһԱǿһ򲻵ĺݳƷëϷװ˿кƤЬʱһsjtxtSJTXTС˵أomʹҲĿӡ

Ϊ˱٣ë治ҪҶμӡͬҽҶĹٺһϯͷҳμ磬һ취ҲûСͷһңŪҸѰ졣ͬʱҶ˿ܻøƷȽҶһߣж

ëҶԲμӣǴҿԸҶȻתҲҪҶˣҲûá

ʮµ׿ʼÿë˯ῪСʱſ¡ʿֵ̺ëë˵˭ԣ˵ЩʲᣬЩʲԼģ˵ȵȡȻëָ⣬Ҫ˵Щʲᡣ

ëʿڻϽҷţϺʱëɣСȥණǮ

ĶһԱŲѣƽࡣҲֻ㵽ΪֹҶ²̨ҲֻϲΡ

ȴ벻ҶûвμӻᣬͨһЩԣҶ֪ҶڱһԺСţҶСŵҪԱڼ䣬ҶԲʱӸϵķû漰

˵һٶ˺ܴ˵һ̫ͷ϶ѻŵúáܶΪ͡

һʮإգëʮ죬ⳡĻ

ëǰ죬Ҫ⼸˸ëʱˣ֪ѣֲԾ԰öӰܲáһ˶ʳˣԴȣ׳԰׺ȣ̫ˡ

ëʱɸȥݿĲңʮإ磬ˡҶšȡֿˡҪǣлʿëһԷաʱëǲ⣬Բɫܼ򵥡

˵ԷУϯ˵ǽ£սʱǺͬѧѡعة࣬ǵɡػǸ⵰ҲҲŹ

룬ȻˣǸˣΪʲ᲻ȥأصعԼڵةฮŹ٣͵ڵĴңһة˵ס°ɡһͣ͵д춱ꡣһסס£ҲĻˡð㲻飬Ͳ㣬ӻؼҡдػؼңһҲˣҲзˡдͬؽة˼عûгϢԲ㡣Ȱ㣬ȥ˵ˣƤӣعةعȵˣҲȵˡһеˡϯ˵£˵أǣ˵ٺõѣҲܿŹȥҪԼŬ򿪳·ϣܳɹ

ڹѣûʳϰڶȥЩͶͬʱеоϰЩʲ⣬ҡҲȫȥҶšȡֿˡȥʿСҲȥɽѣǵɽȥ

ҪǶÿغˣң̽ǻ

ڶϯд˸ӣǲҪȥɽȥμͶ˵ܺһ㣬ȥ˲

ëʵҲǸƱݵԱ춿ʲ˵ʲỰЦŭ̾ϢʰģﵽһĿֶΡë߹ͬϵˣڴϺвֶΡһȥѧУѧϰѧϰᣬ𴦹оõ±ߵоͶë˵һ䣬ٵ𴦹ȥѧϰȥͶǰëȻҪ̸̸ʾģᣬʾ᲻뿪

λˣȻж£٣˿ҫҶҪ˴ߡëµ׾ͳ

Ҷǰ˻ϼһλ֣޵áһ·Žʱξ־ֳΪЩԭᣬ뽫޳ȥûлᡣ

һð칫߻¥·޵ãԣҪԣ˵һȥ٣ʲʱ

һ˵˳ˮ˵Ǻãұϯͬһȥ

ȥһ飬ëëͬˡ

Ҷ·ᣬëͬ⣬һܵΡʿʣµʿֵࡣëάҼ칫Ϊֳ쵼񡣰칫ĸ佨Ρεӻʿ̶һ鹤Աʱ˽⵽ëճ̬

һ鹮Ȩ᳷»ԭһǳ뾯һ֧װӡ֧ȻŵƣǱǧˣװҸĵص㶼쵼˵סغ;ĵص㣬Ϻ±Ȫɽӡŵսʿ͸ɲιʱ缯ġǴӵëװһжӣȫˣĸųҫΪֳ񸱾ֳ

Ȩս󣬿ȫ֣Ҳ޷Ӯⳡܵսһһë·ɳںʯͣһ죬ëܶϣڻϿᣬû³ڶˡʡίдʡίʣǧֻ֪ˣκʡίһǵƽʣëܶԱ;ٴһҲԲǧֻƽ˵ȥһ顣

Ÿإֻдˡ˵һڼûгԵ˭Եģʡͬк˵ëڻϿᣬһҹ·ߺͷɻΧصͳͳֵѲվһһǧˣ䣬ܲǳԵ㡣˵Ծͳˣëϯͷϡ

˵ëϯ˵ͷϣʡ

˵海ëڹ

ᣬϺȫйڵؼ֯һ顢ֺ뾯ţȫĿ֮¡ָ£ֽһЩŵĸɲ뾯֣źһ׼һ𽫹˾ֺϲ뾯֡ڹ͢гΪصҪǡᣬĻʼëǲһӽפҪĹʹѧЩ

һĸǣΪëˣҪӻ塣ëͬᣬÿһᣬΪһΡԭ칫һЩظɲҪԱԱдԱҽԱԱȡרҵĹԱҪǱսĹšʱĹźͿվβĹšһգáԭıΪһһÿΪëרõķ䡣õŮԱҲ衣ʱʶŮѵķΧΪӣҲҪмˡëʮꡣ

һ£ӢڶδսʱԪ˧ëǴλ̸УһιԼĸֿԡëɸ˵Ҫġһأһ˿ǹҴڶɻˤǻײײӾǺϸɱ



ڶƪ һ--һ

43

ڱ̸ʱڹһ˶СһʮѮ绰ë˵岻ãҪȥݸڹݹԹƵƵ˵в·硢¹⡢ĻʿӡʿϾչҪȥ

Ҵ࣬ëġһҳԺһ鹤ᣬһֱ۷׷ף˵Һã̫ѰҶҲмס

ëҪȥʱ˵ȥȥ

ʵڲȥҺ˽⽭ࡣûʲᲡƢŹ֣ź߹Աίҵĵͣáÿһʱܾձ֪ëģ˵ġ

ûѡءëȥһܿվרҵݡ

ҵ˹СдͬһͬڹݵǾĿƳ£ʿλʿһǾ͸һֱ߿ࡣǼ˶˵ûа취źûʱ¹⡢·硢Ǽٵġ

㶫ʡίᡣһСʱ㶫ʡ쵼ȫȥ裬ϴӹ㶫ʡ쵼ɲµʿӣһС

ĸСʱӰƬӣʱʲᶼˡ

ң˵һϵĸ֢״Ȼͽʿβãû˹ǣָǡ

˵ë壬ͻȥʱɫû˵

ڶ콭û𴲣ʿң˵ིͬЩʲ᣿

һǳ˵ĪֱʲӦһ££ǲ֪ߵغˡ

ǲ̸壬ҲرͬӰɢɢࡢĩ衣ÿʮ㡢ʮһ𴲡˯ȻûһԷҸС϶Եúܺã˿ڰ

ʮإëաķֲ뽭ʹҳԷһȥꡣС羰ʣȴٰģҿóŵĽǳ֡

ĲĸԴëвõġëҪˡֺ£񲻻

νļ𶨵ˡйȨУֳإ弶һǸ߼׳߼ʮǸ߼ɲʮļʮ߼мɲʮ˼һɲļǾżǳ⡣˵Ҷϴֶ߼̫ƽ

ûиƴȨĵλﲻʹ죬ûа취һȻﲻ⣬ﲻ˭а취ĲأҲֻëʾԶҪȰȰźһ㡣մȨҿëҲԼڣëҲѣο۸ֵͣʲ᱾ûУԸڱ쵼¹Ƣְִѵˣͬ˭Ҳá

˽˥ʵβҰĲȴ޷չȬˣ͵ȥżĸɲûȨλëϯԾӣ˾ﲻ𾴡ϲԸ⣬ҲöϥΨΨŵŵ

˽⽭಻ǲеġֻȡ֧ߵˡҲҪëΪв͵ȥ

Сᣬһһһʮգ罭ȥ߽¥ϢҡϣŲ衣ҽȥᣬ¡Ȼ˵̸̸Ѿڣ£ʲ㣿

˵ڵţʲʱźʣҸ塣

˵ҽҪһ³ԶЩ顣ϯܺãҪҽչˡϯԼҲ˵Ҫиҽҵ岻ãᣬûҽϵͳ۲ƣҪҽûҽͬңϯǸʿ˳֣

ұ⼸Ϳ㣬Ļ⡣˵ҵһʱ쵼ϽǸϯϯĽ쵼˵֯ҵ񡣽ͬ־ͬ쵼̸Ĳһı䣬쵼û̸ͬϯҲû̸ͬҲ֪ʴӡҾò׵

˵Ҽϯϯͬˡûб쵼װ죬ͬ˵һ¾Ϳˡ

˵»Ҫ˼Ҿò׵

˵ʲ᲻׵ǲ۾ֻϯûң㿴𣿡

µ˽ıҽһҥԱиݵʵҾί˵ûп𿴲⡣ҽ˭вȥΪİ취вõķӳ㡢ϯá

ҽ꣬Բۣٵң˵вõķӳʲ

˵˵ˣһЩûкô

ʱ༱ˣ˵һ㲻Ϊʲл˵㽲㽲

˵ͬ־ȻһҪʣҸ㡣ԴһҳԺᣬһֱ˵ҺãⲻѰ˸ң˻⻰ϯϯ˵ȥͬ־Ϊ첻ʡ

ᣬң˭أ

˵ˣͲ˭ˡ

˵̫ͿҶرչЩΪϯͬһҽܺϵܲףչ֣Ŷر𽫾Щ˾ԣ˴֣˭أ

˵ҶὲҲ

ҹëһ绰˲ᡣᣬҲһʮգҾͳ˿վרɷɻرˡҸʱྯ˵²Ҫˡ

ص塣ˣƺһȦɫֻֻҡ浵ֻ׵øˡᣬÿĶʳԲûͣû͵Ҳõܹõһƶųԣʳˡһһ괺ڣŪ˵ײˣһЩףϡպϹȥ

Ҿȥëë׼һʮٿ˽ȫᡣëҪ쵼еоԾ⡣ֱ죬ȻëԾٽйëûִܹΪ߲֡硢ԾЩаĿйإִĵ·

ë˼ͣʮͣ쵼ȫ޿ѧݵ뻺һ˼Ӧķ

ȫëǸμӵ쵼ΪҪĹڻָũҵڶҰУëѸٹҵֻǿ롣ʳΪǲĵ

ᣬһʮҹȥëëڹʱ뽭ĶԻ

Ҷë˵ͺܾˡҶ˵ͬϵʲݣΪǲǳңǳϯǵ⵽Ϊʲ᣿

һ˵ҿë۾˵ᣬë˵ǰ콭绰ҡˡ㲻ùϡ˵˭˱᲻˵أҶҪȥˡǾߡ

ҺƣΪʲ᲻أҳëңȥʸҽ˴µʼĩǰġ

һ뿪ݻرᣬһ岻ãּᣬ˱ҽԺԺջϺҽԺԺѦϺ񲡷ԺԺҽ񾭿ҽڻ˹ݣסСĹ¥Сǵһ£ȴٳٲǣҪ˵ˡ

ë˺ҵʱѾǶµסǵᣬλ˵ɸǵ񣬺ǹ٣̫ˡˣûа취ҽԺæúܣҶŻȥҽЩת潭࣬˵Щҽ̫󡣡

ͬ飬Ըһ꣬Ҫ졣ǲһΣϢһ죬һٲڶΡٸһ죬Ρһһڡһջƣʵûʲòģ˲һСʱˡȵڶڿѦ飬ȥĶͼ΢ѵʱ⣬Ҳûöʱͽˡֻеڻ񾭾Ƽ˲ʱ䡣ܽƻؾᣬҽ˽״⡣

ϣȥ˽λҽ뵱˵Ʒ

ʾͬˣȻңλҽʲᲡ˵λҽĽûзʲҪĲںת

Цһ˵ǵĻѾǽˣؼˡǼĽȲҪͬϯдһҡ

ҸǽҪһ汨棬̸ˡ˵̸ҲãֻἸ仰Ӹð졣ǽǰ屨ȡǾ޸һЩǿԭλĻָڣ˥󣬽ԳԭȵȻд˿

ᣬͬд˵ǻһףʲͬ⿴Ӱ衢֡Щ˺ϷˡǲҪЩ⡣

춺ҽִԭȱ⼸λҽչ˽࣬úβʱҲڳߵظҽǲӭϽķ޳ֻҪ̹ױĽȫҽǲ֪˵񣬸д˱档

ݱ潻ᣬ˻˵ҽдʲᶫȫΡʲģǻȥ

㶫ʡί˳һٷʾлǵ֪಻ǵı棬δϵ೤ѹķߺйʱж¡

λҽĻжܵĴջŹ򣬹ҽԺеСľڣԳմȥѦҲͬܵĸ᲻ãಡȥ

ڻܵȺءһֱѺŷȺᣬдţ֤ڹݸʱ渺ûκηĻҵʱҲѡд֤ĸϺ񲡷ԺûнڲŰɱ

λҽᣬҳ˽вΨһйܵʿǲ˵μǳ⡣˵Ϊμ壬ҽΪѣرңڶԴ̬ϣ˽Ȼͬı仯

Ҿٳһ人ʱҿǵ˥ȰëҪýͬһȥι۴ѧ˵ȫˡǸʱҾҵ壬Ϊ롣ڸԡǸʱҶżһҵ̨֧Ҷˣ²Ϣˣ˵ǲ˵̨أбĿģ

ҶԽ࿴УֻҵĿͬ˵Ŀȫһ¡ΪұͲԸһ鹤̸̨ҵĹλҴͲϲ࣬ţ޲װ˺ȥ̱ŰڶʹΪ

ʱĵӰ͸ëŮУдԵŰѾͷŮӶ˵һ˵ʱΰѹˣὭͬЩʲأ

ȻҲףĿһУȫëϯ˵ĵλԽԽܵαƣα¡һʲ׼ĸʽһڼƷʣЩ쵼ձ鰤֮ܶʣݻԴȵоʲʽأᡢȫˡ

ΪҶëԳ羴̩ɽĿҲȷҶë˽ᣬëƷʮëΪʲĵƷأ»һԹ൨ģȫķйΰ䡣

йأһ쵽֣ƺһΪҪɲһиеµˣһר˵˵ȵȡʵУȨ߿Ժ޹˼ɡƵԼ˽ȺѹեǣֻһпѺͳ裬˳Ψһİ취ν񲻹ǹŵūĴʡǹᡢ硣˵ĺܶԣǲֻ֪ʵëһʹ

⼸ҵľǼĴйѾǺ¥еļָ



ڶƪ һ--һ

44

ڿǰĴѵУëɫ׷ȴ䱾ѾԽԽ˿Ρ

Ϻźի·ۻװޣĳʱǨƵڱֻصźիźիһ䡰Ϣҡ˴ʱÿصʱ򣬴ҶëһλŮȥϢң棬СʱһСʱʱõıպøһһ˻ңһңװ諣Ҿ㣬Զʤ춿ķֹĹģҼķ䣬ڣëһЩŮѡ

ŮëϵΪ٣ЩŮӴƶũǴС˼ϷǳëëȻǸоĪĶ衣

ҲһЩŮӾܾëҪͨͽϴ󣬽ˮƽϸߵŮ꣬ЩʿΪ벡˷ܹϵΥְҵ¡

ëŮ֮һһ̸ͬͯ꣬Ǻʡˣʱȥĸ״ַᣬĸڹһִӹ˱ϣ꿼վβĹţ˸ԱֻǣѾˡ

ëһŮβĹԱĸʿССѧûбҵʮͿβĹš

ЩŮ˵ĽѾǴ£ëҵĻᣬǸмĪй˵վ찲Ź㳡һëڳ¥ϵӢˣľ顣һЩëչֵˣüݲϴ֣ЯϷ׵ظ֣ݷҲմһЩĹɡĻڼ䣬˽ë͵âһСâһˮҺһڣĹػһˣοҺëϵˡ

ЩŮӶëľһŮ֮Ƕΰ쵼ǵȰ󲿷ֵŮ֪ϵֻʱģǿʼëʱΪᣬδ飬ëˣͻᰲǸ˽顣

ëڼ䣬ҪŮǶ꣬ȻеҲн飬ȴԻᱻëȥ顣

ëδ˽ЩŮĿëֲΪǵΰ쵼һ֮ĲλŮһЦĶ˵ϯ˼ֲ˼ҶȰŮమΪһ£㿴

ЩŮھηëȨ⣬Ҳ㵹ëëʮʱήȫʧëʱΪҵʵ--ԵĹ٣ܡ

ѧ˵ëԷݵĽڣҲɱ֪ë¡Ůƽʱϵ˵¶ǡëŮøһЩŮ˿Ľ̿顣еŮᣬĻ̶ֵͣⲿ־ɬִвٲǳһЩִҡЩǺѽģҲ޷˵塣һŮӺڵĸңϯǸΰΰʹ

Ů˼ȶ࣬λʿ鷳ҹһλĹԱʿֵҸëȡҩλʿЦŮѵβһ£˵úܰ׺̱ۡһåҴˡصëңëȫ˵ˣҹë˽

ëҳᣬֵңʿ˵¶Ҫһְⲻϻ

ʿ졣˵ϯġҲҪżû˵¡ֹͣʿֵ࣬ʿϢȡʿǹëԭ뽫ʿ鲻ûһЩ̫̫ϣ³ʿΪëͬ죬ʿʽ̸ʿߡϺʱëסڽ¥ʮ¥¥һԱסͬеһλŮҪԱһһλҪԱȻ𣬶ʱëƬдһ߾ΪŮգˬӢǹݱлŮ־װװʱóȥëֹˡ

һ賿ĵ㣬µһʿŻܵҵסҽѣ˵

ˡҵϯȥĲ豭ˮҲ֪˯Ĵϡһȥ´ŵ˳㿴죿λʿһ鲻ãëɡ˵ëŮˣҲûúУֻǴӷڷᴲǰ϶Ƽ˵𼱣ϯûУ

˵Ҳ֪ûСҸһȥҾˡ

˵ҲϯûпֻҪûпΪ飬Ҳһϯ

ˣҲûйϵϯף

Ȱ᲻ɴ⡣ǰһҪûˡ

ʿ˵ҸҲû˭˵ʲʱȥ죬ȫƾѴĦֲ֪¡һ˵һޡְοûС˵ûСҸ˿ոˣǲҪͬ˽ˣôȥͳ˴⡣ָѾ֪ˣҪСˡëķŮˣǧ򲻿ɽȥᡣ

ʿ˵ܸȥˡ˵ɲҲëġʿʮ꣬ʵ˵һʲ·Ҫ֤ȷʵ˽ʿҰ¥ķᣬصʮ¥ֵҡʮӣë󳳴ʿȥе̫ˣߵſڡڴޣëʿȥ˵ûò̿ᣬԭëǺˣϺʶġиѣ飬ë顣ϣֽ£˵ëйǵ͵ʲ׼ŪŮԣǸʲ׼ë˷ǳߵ£ʹ˸ûע⵽ʿȥ˿ˮëȥҪע̿˵ᣬҪëء顣Ҫָëǵ͵ʲ׼ŪŮԡǽѡ˵áһ£ëȥë˵ҷ£˵֪Ļȥˣס˵࣬춽ëĳ¶¶ëΪ

һ԰취̸һ̸˵ûӺͲϯ²Ҫ̸ͬˡỹǿˡίֿһ٣Ǿʹ˽ᡣ

ëԲ顣ֱһ꣬Ļʼᣬë˲ˣ˻顣ëתһλĹԱȤλǽʱһëźŮˡһᣬëһסʱȥݡλĹԱ϶סһ顣˲ͷȫ̺ëϺᣬסڽ¥ëǴûȵºҹҪ˯ķ

ϺйֵˡϺίд˺ͽĸ˶ټϷķԱ˶֪ëŮסڷλĹԱҲܵ⡣ԭëϵͬ˵ֲһģ

˸ȫ⣬ë֪ŮڷڹҹӰ̫ο˶ӣáΪȰëλĹԱסķЩֲȥë˵ʿëʿܽϵ˵ǳĿ˵˵Ľ顣ʿëϵĽ顣

ëܲˣǿͬˡλĹԱס¥һ䷿ڡ˽λʿߵԭ

λĹԱëܱŮˡʵġھٲסǶܸëëɩһΡλŮʹˣҲÿ

һһʮ£ëס̫ڵ÷԰λĹԱ梺Ͷ梷һԷ÷԰һСһ¥ȽϴԱһƽΧǻԣв÷ǿ֦ûᣬΧãã޼ʵ̫̲죬ѩᣬװþëڵɢһܣ˵̲͡Ҷ¾䡣֮˵ˡ

ëɶɶЦ˵Բϡ㻹ѧѧԶӡ

ëںѻŮӣñڶλ梷򲻵ûߣɣԴ֮סᣬëؼңöסڼ䣬ëϣʥͿʩũʵа⣬ëʾ֧ϣʥһ顣һģʱ帴١

Ϊ߷ߵ˵Ȼʽˡ˻Ц˵

ˣĻҲһһ󡣡

һᣬëԷԽԽһСһͬ˵ϯˣǲǾûˣҪһѡȤ󾢣

󲿷ݵŮڳʶëʱаëԸȨ٣ڶʹ֪ŮĿȾ֮ᣬ𽥶䡣ҿžϷݡڳΪëŮᣬ߳ܣֺëءЩδܽǰ;ŮΨһĻᡣëᣬýݣ̽˶źĻڼ䣬ë߿Ůˣëйֹءڹ٣ȡȨ

౻ëŮᣬҲſʼã߹ͬ·ӰëʱĽҲĺͽʮֲͬҲëҲʹˡ

λĹԱγ没˵ĹڣŮԱ赸װȫǻ촩õģһŮԱ˵γ没ܿʹеŮԱֲȾᣬûʲᲡ״׺ԹȥǿԴŮˡŮڳȾڣ״ԣڣ״ͺˡ

ëܿܵȾΪγЯšᣬͬϵŮˣûһܵȾëѾȾһ֪ˣԴϴþߣҵҩֵװҩʿѶ֡ҽǣ²ë֪



ڶƪ һ--һ

45

һһ£ҲǴ᲻ãǳëרǰݡ

һ·ƺвõԤСëд˸Ůˡ˳˵ŮһࡣеģϵŮгԱ֮⣬ëŮҪԱһж׶ʦ̹ҵĴءҵӡУһλʵ׶ʦԭϺϣëӶڱģ뿪Զĵطֻɽëδۡһλ߼ҲͬСȥʮ˰ɣںڵģͷһ٣ݳࡣλӺëӰʱʶˣһľᣬȥѧϰͬٽ顣֪£һֱɷ»ʱ򣬽ûа취һֱ̨˹ֱ֣ҪɷλëԮġһ·ڻϣëоӵĳἸΣÿγɫ㨡ݵĵϣëֽĵסȥСʱڶ峿һλŮҪԱң˵һҹûлط䡣ȥںߵʯͷϿޡë˸һŻƱرȥˡһֱŪԭί֡뿪ݣȥ人оɳͣڳɳʯ̻ëټʡʡίһƽʡί˵̸ë׶ʦڡܾ橳֡ƽͺʡʡί֮һӴڸڳ˺ܾáǺӱˣũж̸ϰߣһֱɳϡ̸ʼᣬҡ׶ʦλҪԱɢҪ¼Աչͬһߡ˵˵ЦЦš׶ʦ˵ҿ˵ˡ

ȻʲỰ

Ц˵ϯƽǰԳ㲻Ǵ·𣿡

ʣʲ᣿

Ц˵ˡ

ʱֹ׶ʦλҪԱסˡ׶ʦɫ䣬æ߻ػȥ

ƽ̸ᣬë˵Ϣһ¾Ϳ׶ʦȥëë˻ϰװ¼豸

ëȥ̸˴ԼһСʱëǵһ˭¼ġᣬרб人ȫʻȥ

Ҷ͸Ƕ·ͶȥˡҪֻ޹»һˡ޺¼Ա

˵ϯң˭¼ġ˵áεһ

ԭЩʲˣЩˡ¼Աǰġϯǣ¼飿˵Ҫ¼Ա˵Ҫˣܲѡ

޹»˵˵¼ġ˵ҲΪʲװʲʱװ֪ҪҶ

˵ҶѾȥͶˣʵõ˵쵼ָʾÿθ¼쵼ָʾ죬Ķ֪

һ˵쵼Ͻ¼¼ϯ̸ͬ¼Ҳ쵼ϲõģˡ

˵ֱû¡Ҫ¼ֲϯ¼һͬϯ޺ŵֵëĳȥˡ

人峿ʱࡣ³÷԰ддһ繤ָϵȥ¼豸

Ϊƣдᣬ̽˯ˡ˯ѣѾӡ

ߵ¥סԵĻڡϰ¼ߣСȣһѷëˡһ(ҪҸ)޹»¼Ավӱ棬˼ƬעǶë¼֤֤Ƭ浵Ϊ֤

һǳ˷ɻϺ人ġܲ⡣˵Ӧףû뼸λ쵼ͬ⣬Ҷû󵨡Ϊûëǰ˵ûڹȥ

˵£ǰûκ˴кëģֲϱˡĽȥë棬˵ǻҪһë̸ϣдʷ

ë˵ǲǴھͿʼ׼ʽĺڱ棿˽˶Իķʽ׫дĵʷֻпǺڱ档

ë˽ķ쵼乫ܣëĿ־廹ڶȨǱвëѲȫأط׳ɲβԣԴԽӴĵĹϵֱӺ͵ط쵼ӴëԸڵطϵ̸롣ԸʱĻƶߵݡȻëΪŭǣŵ¼ĽΪᷴĺڱݡ

ëҪȥ¼Ĳȫսɷٻ١ë˵ҪŽڱĲϡ

¼Ա̹׽ׯҲװ¼豸ëһжӶӳȥ

йԱĴ֣һй칫Ҫңȥйй

Ҫ޹¼ڶеҵɻҪҵҵëĻҪ顣ԭȱְԭ̸˵ȥݶ¡·ʡͶ졣

ëȻҲһ޹¼¼ԱֻǷ¡춻רС人÷԰дݵׯеˣëûйʡë˵ЩʲᶼʲҲ֪

ëΪ⼸ˣҲ볣ίǴжȡֶΡЩʷֵľ飬ΪǷ׼ж֮һȻʱĸˣɸˡЩɾ嶼Ļʱ

ʹΪ𶯵ǣ¼װ˼꣬ߵ˾Ȼûһͨ籨š֪ŮѡɴˣΪߵ˲ɿȽϿɿŮѡЩ

ԴᣬëұûΡ



ڶƪ һ--һ

46

ë¼¼ᣬǱȥݡһ·ʮֽšëҪڹٿй飬쵼桢¡ƶᵽ˹ݡСװɭϣٴСʱȫ𣬵ڲЭֲȶʱũҲ¹¡

ݵİȫ⼬֡ݾ۽ؿǱݣ㰵ɱܡһһϺڼ䣬й鲿ܲıȻͬʱػ̨巽鱨̨֪йϺᣬҪƻϺίһǿʩƢΪڲйܡг顣ڴڼĹŵġ;绰籨ģһ顣ԭɱϺȥķɻУ˱̨巽Ʋ

㶫ʡίһǳšټ˹лΡ˺͹㶫ʡһЩ˲СİȫСĸںһЩδװںڣָԱһɲýСҲμᣬСڵҽҸ

翪ᣬ㶫ʡҽԺԺң飬ҪСһҽңԱľͽҽ⡣ʱʿС绰绰ܼ˵ɣͬ־˴Ƣ˥ֳһ¡

ҴæԸǣϵ¥ֵңʿʿڡǶŵòˣҽ˵ؿɹǺаһʿ˰ˡ

ʻʿһ£ʿ˵Ͳ˳ҲҲԡҲС˯ˣ˵ϸϴ裬ÿˮƨɣԵİҩ⣬⺦

ʿ˵Ҫ㵽һǱֺ;ͨʡίģֲҪġοԭΪ˸ëϯӲҪ㣬Щܽɡ

߽תҽȥһëһ˦˵ǵõʲˣʲģ

Ķ棬ʲ¡

ӣ˵ʲ£㲻֪𣿡ֻ˵Ҹոڿᣬ֪ʲ¡

˵ϴ裬ʿÿˮҡҵİҩҺɫй

˵ϴ裬ˮ¶ȵòпܵģǿˮǸˮǰԣǿˮҲܲˡοˮҲŲˮ

˵ֻ˵һ䣬㽲䣬ѵҽٻҩأ



˵û˵㽲ٻֻ˵ˮһǿܵģǲǿˮ

ҩǱ֡ҽԺͨ۵Ļ˾ڵģÿڵʱ䲻ͬһšɫЩͬǽᾭҩඨͼ춨飬мҩ򲻴ҩжҩԵҩȫǾЩܷӱġҩɻʿһͬܣȡҩʱҪͬʱȥȡˣǵļͥϵ֡ûŵǹϿȱ㣬Ǿֺܵ;Ƕйˡ

˵⻰㽲ģûнЩҿǰǣ˻£㲻ܣҪǱ绤Ҳͬ磬ͬ־һͬ

һ뽭̬Ц˵ͬ־ʲҪ죿

˵ǹǾ־ֳϯ鶼ܣҿҪһ£µĸɲӦʲ̬ȷ󡣡

ЦЦ˵ͬ־ʲⶼŰ죬Ҫ

˵ǵλ򶼶ȥһܼ𣿡

Ҹһ˵ǡ̲˵㲻ҪੲˡҸղͬ򽲣ʿСĹ̫ϴˮ¶ȲúõҩţҲҽ˵ЩѵӦ߿࣬ǴҲӦðο˰򵹺ãһɾѵңȫҿɸˣСУʲ̬ȣһԴ˵ͬĶûУȫȫΪҽƹ𣿡

ֿͣ˵Ĺֲ̡콲ׯ˵ҽԱĸְǹİˣͬ˱ۣʢˣѵò˾ĥ𣿡

ֿ˵ͬ־

ûе˵һ仰ִ˵㲻Ҫٱˣֹͣۡ

ʱο޿οվԽ˵Ȼ̸ÿ˶˵Ȩֹѹ˵׼ҽûбҪμ̸ģˡ

߳⣬һأԼི㿴㿴ǲ棬̬ȡ

߳ᣬԺ˼Ȧ侲룬ɲܳǰҪͬë̡໥״ϣëΪΪ˭Ƚ龭˭ľ滰ὲˣʵг롣Ҳܵȴȥʱʿ˵ͽͬ־ȥֻ߻¥

ƿţ࿴Ҿ˵Ѿͬǲ˵ˣֹͣĹĽա

˵ðɣ˳²˳٣ֹͣ˹ûйϵ˽վͲðˡ߽һ¥ëԵʿֵҡʿڡʿëûСʿ˵ѣ˯òȹ˲衣߽ëҡëȷʵǱڴϡ߽ߣϯ

ۣң˵ʲûУ

˵УֹͣҵĹҪҽա

ëǷͷڴϣ˵ʲͷģ

ҸëҸëԴӸᣬҽ˵Ѿָˣʮֲ⣬ûʿë˵Եİҩͬȫһй

ẹ̈˵ҳ˵㣬һǸ˾һ㵯ҲûСڶǸֽϻһ£ûʲ˲𡣵ǵġﻹǺõġ˾ǲңͿˡҪ˵һིͬȱܿ죬Ҫͷ¶棬ӣҲ̨סͬʿ˵˵Ҫ¡

ʿֵңߵëҡ

Ϣ죬ëɽȥιۣΪɽǹ㶫ʡģմҲܳëңҪͬȥˡԱʾͿ˽ᡣ

ҪӰÿСҺϲǲӰŰ͵Ա

ڶ绤ʿ绰˵ȥߵ¥Ϣҡ൹Ǹı̬ȣ£Ȼ˵֪ϯҽ㡣Ҳ὾ϯҸ㣬úðĹȥľˣҪǰȻһڲο˵ϯҪ㿴ȦϢϯ˵ҪעҴ¡



ڶƪ һ--һ

47

һһ£йҪĴȫԵļģض԰ټƵũй빤ݻĿڵũҵߡëһũҵƻڹۡ

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ԴԾȫָũҵ

ʱڰգԱͶ׷ֳаأʵʲϷ֣Ҳ㽫طָ˸֣ũɸ˸𣬴ʳʱǴҷ֡ȣΪǹ绯ʽġ塹ʱѾõëͬ⡣

һϺʱëԽũҵ߼ʱʵеũİ취ָ°취ʵЧǦյũëĹݻݰУδᵽƻǵʱйʵеİ취ʮգϣʥë㱨ĺôᣬëʾ飬˵ˣʮڽʳӺùЩԹݴ绰ʡίƹѾͨˣָɣҪ¡

ʵϣϺܶ˶취һ£зҵǻֵһǺʩϺг¶ʩϣʥʮֲ⣬ʡίڻֹܣֱ֪ͨʡίûͬΪĿˣǷ绯ֶΣ绯巽򡹡

쵼ڹݻԲԣʶһȻ

һһ£ҵһСƽԱʾ֧ϣʥƣ˵һ䡸ԡèèֻҪץסǺèһ̨Ͻġԭǻèè֪ĳɰèèˡСƽҪĿũͽġ

ķûеҲ𽥱̬ȡڹݻϣְ֧ĵ

ݻ鲢δЩ硣쵼˾ũ壬оһϣ̨ܾͨëġũҵ繤ݰδᵽƣԲݰͨԤԼ޸ĵĿռ䡣ٿʱ鱨档桢ܶº͵Сƽ̽ȥ쵼ǱϵıֻŽġĻᣬʶ̬ȫĸëϯŲѾȿˡ

ҿƪϢֱеϣʥᳫİ߻ǻϿӦʩУطָũԸЧũҵйʵзơũҵйڶҰóԱӲС󲿷ֵ쵼ѡ·Ϊֻսʤƶйˮƽʹٽйǿ֡Ҳ֧ԭΪֶΣĿġֽũҵΣ쵼ŽػũũȷʱǴ֧֡

ǣϣʥ˽ƣ˲塣ʱ嶨йΪεĿϣ硣ë˵塣ëǹСƽȡҲһԭʼĹơëҲũҪԼ˵Ҫ壬ҪǹơũѣǿһⲢǵķ򡣡

ëع绯ũҵָ귽ȹЧ˵ҪǾ仰˵ƺĲǵ˻ƺӲġ

ëĻԣ֮ͬֻǡʱȴͬ˴ͽذũ˻ͥи

һһ¡ڱٿй빤顣տ¿ݣӪˮ׸أ塣һ񾭼ãرũ幤ְͼٳ˿ڡܼһǧ˿ڱǨũ壬ԼиũͶ

쵼оĽֹۡũƷǳ쵼˸ǵܿơ˵ũѾԹ˵ʯѣԷëࡣ˵ũܲ⡣ũֵȻǬԡ޸ëġũҵ繤ʱطȡʳãڻʽɢһ·һǧ˵ũ壬ҵֲָ½Ա硣һһļëֻص®ɽε®ɽ׼۹ҵʳóͽ⣬ǵ񾭼ãµƽ⣬̡ܹʵ߹ҵũҵë˵һĿᣬٲκ˵ҡ®ɽ飬ë֧ߡëʵӵпʩ⣬ʱʼֱѾڡžͷϣÿ쿯ϯ¼˾Աھչѧϰëϯ˼˶ֲøֽĻᴵ꡹ë˼嶥塸ֺȫëϯ飬ëϯĻëϯĺսʿʡҲ֧ë֮һΪһ̶Ѱһ걻򵹵»ʱļʡ̶أҲëļ磩ᣬΪһ硣ıšչ徭á֤徭ȫռơܶǲȷԼˡΨëհ㶫ʡίһǼ滪Ͼֵһȹò⡣֧ֻȫʡũٷ֮ʮ衸ũԸ˵Ҳʱ壬ԸҪʱ壬ҲҪˡҪƶʹ𣿡

ͬģ˵ҵҪ˹ָϵĽָͼָꡣһ˵ũԵİ취ԡҪ˵һְ취õġΨһġũҵҲҪ˹ɡ

춵Сƽظèè׽סǺèԡϺίһƼǼ滪ֵһǿʩϣʥ˵ǷԴ󡣵Сƽ˵ֵĽµ̫ˡ

ëȻͬ˵ĿǺԵġһ£ӢɸԪ˧йһλ⽻˵λԪ˧ƴҺλܳĲпıë˹Ц˵λԪ˧ǶϺûСͷһʺëʱ˵֪֪Ǻһλ֣Ϲһ飬Ǳߵñӡͬһ֣㲻ɣɫԾ˵дĻ¼УԸۡʹӡ³˵Լȥë˼ҡҿˣϹԼϴˡ̸սս顣ë˵׷ԼĿʱǲһУпȥȡĻͲܴﵽĿġȷҪ֪ҪʲᣬҪʲᣬȥʲᣬҪزʵļƻЩܣ谭ǰһɴҲԿëũҵ绯

ε®ɽ鵹Ǻƽعȥˡëٲμӻ飬Ҳʣ˰ʡίһϣʥ̸һλġڰʵë˻㱨

һϣëȥӢġ̸ڵ״ʱ˵һʹҷǳԾĻ˵й綼ˡʣµĶЩʬ⡣

ᣬĻ˸ʱëж֤ʱ˵仰ʱģǾ˼ǵġʱ֪Щëеġʬ⡹

ע

ëһһֽӼɸԪ˧ëԪ˧ڳΣδС



ڶƪ һ--һ

48

ëٳϯ®ɽۻᡣڹڼұο˷ģǧĳ̶֮ʣδϴԾʧܣҲ·Ĵѡڼ䣬̸٣൱ġëٹ¶档ǺԣԿݡڴУΪԡֱᳫѧϰë˼ЩŮǵݣ⡣

®ɽë뽭סϴסС¥쿪ᣬɽʡŵֶӼ࣬ŵŮǼ衣ΪÿμӣɢȽ磬賡ҲȽϳơ

ëΪᡢۺλŮҪԱдʫʣܲƽ

ëΪ˰࣬дһ߾Ϊͬ־®ɽ˶աʱΪһһ¾գĺɫãɣܿɶԴݡ

һ˶޷շ塣

ʫΪ⣬ʾԼһʫСաһ࣬С

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ཫԼּھҲ㷢ұҰĲܵóѵ֮Ļʱ䱻Լ

︽˵һ£һһ꣬ëһλŮëһţг½ӣӽڡԱëѽˡëᣬҲһסӣӽڡʹ飬ѩӭ°ɱл֦ΡҲֻѴɽʱЦǰοһ״ʣǵһ꣬չϵѣ״ʣϷ׷Ϊڵ۹ϺѩУֻй˼嶷ǵ͵ĽëĴʡθߡ

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ëΪ˲ýײδɽ³˳ŽڳӾȻᵽŽίдġŮѡϢʵ̫ȲֻܾͣôҴֻصɽϡ

һһļëĵڶλӺǰ®ɽ괺֮ʣëдһţᵽһҪעߵһ˺㡹 - Wë־ʹ˾񲡣ëͺشδʽ顣ŮӢ֮һëһ굽ӰᣬܿԺعȥȤһȥδսڼ䣬ŮΪëëӢë൱ʱҲҽϺΪ֢ػй󣬾״ҲһֱĩơëסϺһֱδָ

ëһţ߾֮ˣѾ·ŵ·ţȥѧϰѧϰġҪúñ壬ҵҵ࿴彨衣ëźغ档

ëһ̣ͬһǧԪңϺ־ֳĵܵܣϺĺѧת䡣

ʡ˽ӵ®ɽëڰɽ޵ıм档

ͷ׷ǣɫԻơȥոտëʱɫֳһ˿ϲŵ⣬ûκα顣

ëᣬӭȥסص˫֡ȻźԵķϡʱۿʼ߳ˮ

ëźصļ΢Ц˵㿴ҸдˣǮյûУ

˵ſˣǮҲյˡ

ëϸʺڲճ˵ͻÿֺÿƺᡣʱԽصԽӼҲֳɫ

ëسԷҡҡͷë˵Ǽ棬ĻࡣȥᣬҽĻúƣǻҪ档򡣡

ʡţźˡëڿ̣˼Գĵ̬ҿóΪѹῪڣСҼ

˵϶ˣǺءֻعͷңǲϴθλڻԺ俴

˵ǵġ

ëʣʲô

˵Ǿ֢

ë˵ʲôо֢أ

˵˵˼ʵ롣ԭ򣬻ûоϣһЩҩЧҲá

ë˵ⲻͬëһ𣿡

˵һĲëڴɱҽͻʿΡ

ë˵ҿβõˡҲ޿κΰ

ֻܳĬصͷ

һϺƼƵ顣ʱʮǰʱɽϼҷһιϵŮŮ˰׷ϸëǧԪؼҡë˵ôࡣ

֪һֱ֪μ¡

ע

ڴ֮ǰһ꣬ëϺʱһΡ



ڶƪ һ--һ

49

һëϵת㡣һʮһյգëٿйĹ顣μӻй롢֡ʡίίίҪҵͲӵĸˣǧˣֽǧ˴ᡣй汨ͽ

εǧ˴ὲ(ʱѳϯëйϯ)ëġë˵ë˵Ҫøɲʡľ鷢⣬ҳԡëȽΪ׸壬ٸʿķһƪ档

Ľë֮⡣ܾëĹٷ˵꼢ġýǿһƬ˻һҪȡѵ

⣬Щ֧»Ĺ۵㣬ԴԾ쵼͵طɲзƽĻᡣֻ»ƽ

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û˽ìͷֱӶëҪйԾߡ˭֪ɾΣʡؽ塱·ëĿںšë

ëԷԼ򱨴Ϊ˵øĳɡϿϷǬһϡȫƨν塣

ҵֵҾëһһ˻ҵĸڡǧ˴ڼ䣬ʵļˡûɣֻϵرĺһ٣Ҫ͵õĸȥй䣬Ȼֻÿ飬ʮܡ

ǧ˵Ĵᣬúܶ࣬ѾһɵĴѣòеεʱˡȻû˵ҽëëתѴΪһβԡ

ëϴΪԶȷһ꣬ëɸĻУҵһë̹ʵسѷë˵Ƕս˲ٵľ顣Ƕ춹ҵũҵĽ裬ûо飬¡󡣡

Ե߼ɲйʱëԸ׳йһɵġһľë˵һ

뷸ĴֱӵĹҸ𡣼ӵҲзݣΪϯ

ҲҪжΣһЩͬ־ҲΣһӦҡëһһئϵĽ漴˰ƶȡ

Ϊëδ·д󡣸׷Ҳʱ־ɥʧԹйĿơʹ˾ӶߣëΪйġëϯΪ˿ҳ϶ȡһǧ˴ϣëжжġëһ翸еΣڳϴֻǱӵλѡ

ֱָλ֧ë֮һڶյĽץסëʱ״̬˵ëϯ˼ȷģëѣΪûëϯָʾȥëϯܲأܴܵš



ֽᣬëϯ̨߻һһ˻ңһ·һ·˵ֱĻöۡҪǵڵ쵼ˣͺõöˡ

ëֱֵۣɦëͬʱë桢СƽܶķԱʾܲ⡣

ֱ蹮̵λ⣬һҺëһμ滪ȴǳĳķɡëСϷԼ򱨣øҿˡ˵һꡢһһᣬˡţˡҲˡٴˡũҪȹѣ·ܸܰ㵥ɣ·һ

ëͬҽǸʵˡ˵˵ǰѡҲ˵˽ѵİ취һЩǿˡС۵˱·ᣬƽκϵһίǡΪϵί֮һճǧ˴ָģСũҵ磬ҵָٶѹͣ֯ԾùĴ󣬽е̡ʵߵߡ

º£ܶйίУԹԺҿѧίԱ壬ڹٿ˿ѧ顣еĸϯ˻飬ȫһЩ֪ĿѧҶᡣ

һ귴˶ᣬȫйѧһƬ۾ɥʮ֪ʶӱɣְְ͸ġδȺˣҲҹľսԽ׳һЩ˱жоǲϲμѧϰ衣

Ժڻн˲ҽҪйҪ֪ʶӣҪѧҡЩԴǲҪָӦеĵλ

ܶˡ֪ʶı桱Ҫ˵й֪ʶ֪ʶӡǿ彨УҪӿѧͿѧҵáָƳŲƳѧҪͬؿѧϡ

ٿѧҷлǵأʹлᷢǵļרرһЩЩУܵлñӵĿѧңλ飬ժñӣָʾָˣֱǸм㡣

귢˶ʱëָ֪ʶӵ֪ٹũɲƳţƳ½ڵ̬Ȼ֪£ķԾоëͬ⡣ܵ棬йξͨë׼

Ȿһ£ʹ֪ʶܵ裬սսɥľѹëȴΪȻЩ˵ҵҪʣ˭ʷǹũЩͶ񣬻ǱһЩʲˣëȻͶ񣬶֪ʶڴʷũԹƶйʷԭ

ڼ䣬ëټ˳²ˣ̸һλƪֻ̫ժ¼ԾƵĿȡĶԲߡƪûзҪë˵֪ʶڻסĺãԵĺãĺãҲ·˷ðĿƴѧڷȥڡ̡Աһȥũ££ȥμӽ׼ѧ׼ѧ

ϺܸӣǸʱ塣Ǹ֮꣬һڵ˻ͬ˿ˣҪЩȢŮˡ

ʱë˼о֪ʶӺ͸߼쵼˵еĵ⡣ĻᣬνУιݿѧΪܶͳʲ׼֪ʶϥͶĺڻᣬǸ֪ʶѵʲñӣͶڵñӹڡ

ëҲԽֵҪһ»ǣ˷ְжڵڼܻӭǧ˴ϣʱҲ֪飬ɲΪ»һǷʡЩ˽ִ

Ҳ˽ͬЩǧ˴ᣬ£йǸйϯ֯һ֪ͨ»ʹԾʱܴ󴦷ֵĵԱ͸ɲ𷭰ݡȫٽеԱɲٰ֪ͨٷ֮ʮڡΰ졢㡢Ρ˶бкʹֵĸɲƽҲ޷ԽȨΪ»ƽʱëڷر;С

ڻϣë̸֪ͬͨʱ˵֪ͨͬⷢԣŸҿҿ(ʱƽ֯)˴棬ͬ־֯ͬ־Ļһ֪ȫһ˵һ°꣬һһ꣬ϰ꣬ѣԽԽûǰ;ˡⲻѹң

Ӣңëᣬ˵룿˭룿кü쵼ˣͬ־Сƽͬ־ͬ־ճǱ治뱨𣿡

һëֲͬĵ쵼ǳơë֮ĹϵڽţëΪǿұվˣ˺һһ꣬ƾΪܽ⣬Ҫȡʱ䣬ﵽǧ˴ᣬܲƾ½ϸдڲƾС鱨Уë

ëˣ˵һƬڰûйǵԱʲ׼Բģһ㡣

ǵĸϯ֮һëϯָܲƾĸϯ㣬ʾԵӰ̫ӢΪάŽͳµΣһǰľ

ֿ˰ʾѹ£ҪǴȥᱻƵĲϡȷʵûнѹᴲϵ档

Ҳ֪˭¶˷ëй¶ƣǰȥ

δְĸҲδë֮꣬δ̳ϰҪǡ

ֱһŰ꣬Сƽᣬ²ط̨

һëȥأʱշļֻֿ˺ҵëֻֿ˳ȥڱļΪֿ˵ᡣҵļļתǴ˵ֿ˲ҪҪļѹ档Ҳ˺ë¡ɴһֿ˵ϺԴëΨһĻҪ顣Ӣ˴ûбǣ

Ļ֮ʣëһԱһˡ

ĿֿܵʹЩпĹҷǳѵûë顣ˣҲᱻǣ

Ҹ˵һë߲쵼ϣ𡣵֮Աǣ̫С˵ǲйһŽᡣҶëĻúϸǰš



ڶƪ һ--һ

50

ڵʱҰ˥˵£ëΪֻǰеʱѡһЩ˶Ծ㡢Ĺƣǽ׼ڵڵķӳһίй뱱ӻ飬ͽڱٿй˽ʮȫǰһԤУë֪Ҫ˭ˡ

ٿıӹ飬ֻʡίһǲϵ쵼ɲμӡ

ëһڴϽˡ׼ơìܡëڳĬڼ䣬׼ƪĿǴһʹȫ

ëΪʹйʵ壬ԴŽ׼ƶȲ׼˽׼Ҫȥ

ھ¶ʮ춱ей˽ʮȫϣëһ޸Ľëˡ춽׼ơìܡ͵ŽĽǿ޲׼ʲ׼֮صĽ׼ë˵޲׼޲׼רʷʱڣʱɵʷʱڣ޲׼ʲ׼֮Ľ׼ʱ·Ķ仰Ļָ졣Ϊйʱ帴ٵΣա˱벻Ͻн׼

ë˵Աĳɷ֣дСʲ׼Ѿʲ׼ı

ëνȫ淢ë֪ʶӣҴܶͳڿѧϵĻëڱӻϣ֪ʶũӵܰͬȵλ˵ûмʱǽнʲ׼֪ʶ겻ɢҡ

ë»㷭·ʱһݰֵ飬˵û֯ţҲûͨϯ֯ר飬ĪеëָͨȫķȫᷢԸëָӰתȱϯУ˵͹ʷһ㷴ϳƽֹ֮ͣ

Ȼëìͷָصİȴޡë˵޲׼˵ķ㡣

һ꣬ǱӡȣйرһԱ׳Ƴİйдһֱ棬˵صĸйжҪ

йͳսάְ֧Ŀë漴ëΪͶ壬ũūͶһ棬Ź˽׼֪ʶӵҪˡëܲ⡣άְ񡣰Ļб໤˸¡

й粿ţŷҹʱҵĹһЩޡޡ޹ҵĹԮҪټ޶ȡڱӻϣëָΪһٵ塣ᣬй粿Ȼ沿壬ʵȨٵˡʹ˳Ϣ

ũҵԺӻ֣Ϊʮһ㡣ũҵ³ԣΪ˵ҵũҵûиõġ͡·ߡԾ絽׶ԲԣԵĻΪʲֳӣ˱Ϊйۡ

ط׳УʡίһϣʥڻᱻְʩеƱֹҲָΪʱ帴ٵı֡ԭũҵΪ

һĻίʵагɾͣũҵɫһһһ괺ĻũоסĹ͹ʳã˾ʵаơëΪʱ·ĵͣһʱֻиְܵ֡Ļᣬëһµһӵ֣֮һ档ҲΪ˱пᶷɱ

һ＾ë͹˵һת㡣ëƶδ׼еӣʹԵǧ˴γɵĿŻԾʧӹҸַ֧ﵽ˲ëۡë춴ʱĽ׼ìۣһ޲׼гΪ㶷ָ졣

ͬëϯǷʱ·

һй˽ʮȫУëԼУǿ

ϵԱҵһμһꡣʱſʼ̳ϴչ֡ڱҽԺֱԾڲųԺǴԾ֧֮һڱҽԺƿļλҽңо֢֪Ϊλ׼ԺҺٸӴʱҲǿͿë˽̸Ƚ϶ࡣǷǳ䵭һЩżë㱨쵼̬ɡ

һĻᣬͽӴƵǳһ𿴽మӰҷеĶԻ𾴿¶ڱտڽϡҴδ˭

ҾͿӴܾÿһ״аʣҸоУ˶ǿɷӡҾÿĺڰ棬Ҳκǣ

Ǳӻ鼰й˽ʮȫڼĻԾëʮȫϹԺ鳤ϰѫʷС˵־߸ڷϰѫרС鳤ǿ£ܵȺĵ쵼ɲһٶˣίطͶ͵һеҵ׼ᡣ

Ҹϰѫ죬дС˵㷴ϰѫצЩȫƾġζԵ쵼ɲ飬ΪĻĻʮȫ˱ɥϰѫ·źϣᱻѺֱһŰŻƽ౻Īܾĥı

һ¶յإգëںټвйίԱʹǲμӵĻ顣ëƶˡĿǰũ幤ľݰ˼νǰʮ

ëΪǰйгؼĽ׼ũ˶дͷʱ

幤ӣǳصĸɲɶ飬ũĹָԹ硢ӺСӽĿֿ⡢(ʡ⡢ơ幤)Ҫ鹫硢ӺСӸɲûжԶռ̰۵ԵΪ

һڣҶйũһмֻ֪֪ԾɶҰũָȵȡ޷ëչ˶

ݻᣬëרлرڳͬ˺̸ֿ¡Ϊũò׿ʼ죬ëȲҪ˶ڸûû꣬ǲ˹Ϊһӡ˲áȻ˵ĲҪָڸϵĲ㡣

رᣬ浵ĹǷоҪμӱũ幤ӡ

ȻڱҵĹʣȫչܲ˼¡Ӹսѧȫӻж＾ʼСѧտҸеʮˡ

ǵŮܸũ浲ǹԱһǽ׼ˣΪʲһȥ幤أ

ȵ浵оҵ˵Ϊ浲ǹԱرȥ幤ӡΪũθ͸ũŮܽͶĿǸÿͥÿ˶ѣֻ취˷ѡҶΪɣ幤͵ȡ幤ģйȫĴ£Ϊ˼ͥ£ӰĴ¡

Ѯ幤ӵͨũ塣

˱ԹȻ쵼ϲ飬ֻ֪ҹ֪˵ʵûа취ǰ˵

ַͬϹ˵ëϯרҽϻ˱

еǰʮ걸һ£ƶˡũ˶һЩߵĹ涨ݰνʮإձͨ᰸ëԴ˺ܲ⣬˵ʮǸģҲ֪

ëŭʮݣȻð󲻻䣬ŵزëǰʮëãǰʮѾũĽκ޶Ƕһ١ëߵ޸ǰʮƶëֻѲ롣һҲ롣

һ꣬ȥӱʡԶ԰塣ëǣ˸԰顣ȥٿ˴ᣬȫ߼ɲϯ̧ñ컹ߡʱҰоëĿ͵СƽҾţҲԸšëʱһнϵһĸɲδ߼쵼ͬ־

̵ǣëȻȴελԽԽߡ

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56

ҹڶ絽人Ҫҩļķɻѵˡҫʡҡܸ츣ҵλŮһ𣬺ëס÷԰д

һڹպͬһȫ֣ëĶָơҫʵȴǵС¡ξƽţηηԱŲëĽëҽ£˵УܲˣҲ㲻ֻܾϵ¡

һľ־Ϊ˴̽ëһУͬЩŮܽӽҺһ֡ų⡱״̬ҾĿԴܡ

ëʼȫµİҩ죬ҩָͬʱ˯Ҳ

ͬˣٴȥ»в·þգǦɽȥ塣ˣȸҫʡ¶ɫ˵ǻԺ֪˵Ƕҷʲôҡ

ȥë˵Ĳȫˣҩָȥĳͬμ幤ӵ»ûꡣǻǵǦɽȥʱǿʱ

ë˰죬˵Ȼû꣬ҲˡڵⲻˣҪöࡣкôʱǰ졣

Ŀࡣ˶Աǧ˿硣ѾҪˡѹëҲûҿʼףڷһв˽Ĵ¼Ȼȫ֪¼Ļë˵ö࣬ôģ֮˵ˡ

Һܳ˿ദȻҪС·ëǸ

룬Ǿȥȫ

˵ϴ·ûдÿ촩·ܲ㡣

ë˵ҫʣǵ·ɱðúܡҽߵʱߡ

α䶯ɸСëķ롰Ů˻졣ëһ޷ͻƵĸ롣ҾȥֵңúЩ˶Ӵ

ëңҲȥëαϣŻʲô¡





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57

һ°գë人÷԰дȡĻСе桢½һͿ㱨йξֳίͬģڵǰѧ۵Ļ㱨٣ƣ٣йһˡĻС顱鳤Ǵ棬й½һξֺίԱ»缰ձ糤ȳԱë飬ں

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ë棺ǲǷ壿

˵ϵġչ١һ귴󶾲ݡ

˶

ë˵ȻͬԡšԱȽϼ𣬺û

ǿԷšøԷų

˵ˣΪģڵǰѧ۵Ļ㱨٣绤ǿѧУҪʵǣǰƽȵԭҪˣҪѧһϺѹˡ˵ѧ⻹ϯָʾټٻšʹѧԾйξͬһ٣ھ͵ë׼

½һ˵ѧۺвᵽĽۣѻȸˡ

˺ûٽ

ѻߣΪ¼ڽ׼뷢ϼͬ˶½һΪҶԴϷĸӦÿѧۡӵļžëɢᡣ

˵ǲдһϯȫ

ë˵ȥдҲˡ

֪ҪͷˡëȦסʾ޳ɡ治˽ë½һһվ֮Уһȫˡ

ʮݣ٣漰½һдģתĻСڵǰѧ۵Ļ㱨ٵȫ

ë˵ҵǾ仰Ķ㲻ë׼½ӭͷʹݣ٣Ϊõķԣı



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58

Ժë˯ֻˣʮĸСʱ˯ҲԵú٣ʱһֻһηҺܵģë͵ˣ˯ٻᷢӰ졣ֲò°Űҩķʱ䡣ǣһڣëָԭ˯ߺͳԷϰߡ

Ҹոոеɳ˵ϯҵ컨ϲһˣҹ춯ǲл˰

ҲﰵЦɭϵĲ£ôл컨ȥ

֣ȥͬľһжӶӳ˵ԺվڵľڵϿè㼣Ǳһèƴö࣬Ұè

ǾԺʯĥϸľ֧һֻҰèһֻܴСһֻСһЩҲȼèԣдרΪë޽ģΧЩľҵͻܡƽʱûסֻһЩڱأʱˣȻΪҰϢ

һжӵĶԱֻҰèԺĵӣǵ˼ëëԺ󣬸Ųˡë˵ﲻȫ̳ȥ

СʱǱݵ·ϡ

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ҶȺݴ绰Ҷ˵ҪҪë㱨ڶҶ˷ɻ˺ݡëڴͬҶ̸СʱҶִҴһȥˡ

ëҶ̸ֻˣ˭Ҳ̸֪ЩʲôҹëԷʱ˵˼仰ʹԽӸе̬

ë˵СƽܵǴ֪ǹܵ˭˵Ǵͷ˶ȥĲ㣬ڵ棬ܵıί岻ˮò½һܵɵءھͷ塣Ϣռ鱨ǵСƽǴӡ¼¼ԺëһֱǸ

һ󣬽˺ݡҼ࣬ƺȫһˣҿʢĺܿ죬ѾȫûС̬ˡҵʱֻǵͷкû˵ԱֻһʿһԱϺйɸһλԱ

ʿԽĽ͸¶Щ˵һʱ䣬ܺã¹⡢·綼ûˣҲûͷʹص֢״ûдҽ

ֻסһҹڶϻϺҲǶѮڶݣҲ֪ëͽʲô

ԭ¶յʮգֱίнϺٿһβչ̸ᣬǰѯëģҪļëøҿ½һܵҪսһĺרǵ

ҿļû֣ΪëͬѾ½һ

û뵽ֱ͸ַʽýͷëͬʱҲ̨ҸеʮֲдȨĽǸΪΣյ

Ҵĩֱ롣źȻ߼쵼ְλڰ״̬Сһں͹һɲ찲šǧ˴УҲֻӺ̨ݽԶԶһۡйʮԪʦ֮һսҺܾλš

һ£Ȱݷë˸ðҪȥϺëȥϺ˵ҲҪϺȥһطס˲áëıȺ֢ʹ޷þһأúҲΣķ

ֻȸðҿ⣬ԵðҩͺˡҵϺĵڶֱͻȻˡ˵֪

ǵһοֱ롣ӡüϣǰë¡еƫ͵ĸӣݵģɫΪͺͷʮԣҲžñƤѥּûע⵽ңҲĩһԡ˫ʮֺտͫ׺ͺʼͬһɫ

ֱ˵뽭̸Сʱߡңǰ˥¹⡢·磬Ӳšһʱ䣬ǰöˡЩ֢״ҲʧˡֱͽһȫһˡֵĲҲǡβ

Ҳĩɰٲֵĸ֮ѮĻȵչʱֱȨһʱ跨ӽλëն½ӰˡֱʱˣҪͬһȥֵסë忴

ߵֵסҡڴϣͷҶȺĻߺ߰ؿšҶȺڸοʱҶֱĹ۸ȫı䣭һλս˳ᢵԪʦɲʺҵľʮִĻߡ

ʱҺƽҽҲˡҶȺ˵飬ܽʯұԺ𽥰

ұʱҶȺ˵ֵһЩҶ˵ԭѻƬĳעȡһľԺ󣬵ȥŽġԴ˺ûٸֵľֹȻ⡣·硢¹⣬Ժ˵ȥᡣˮµ˷˼ĳ̶ȣֻҪˮˮͻӡˣܺˮֻͷʪ˳ԣˮ㲻ϲҪñڴϣޱͷ¸ȫڱڴ㡣

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ȥϺԺҽֵĲëëޱ飬ʲôû˵Ҳδͱ쵼ҽͬ۹ֵĲ顣й¶Ҹ߼쵼˵йС

½ĸðȫָϺŴżÿ̸ͬãҦԪݱ칫־ֳط棨졷༭֮һҲһͬˡ

ʮëϺʮյʮٿξֳίᡣڻϣë佭۵㣺ѧͽʲ׼֪ʶڰѳţɵ۷ϵϡѧʷϵ岮ޡгءĭɳΪԱʵΪ񵳡ġʷѧѧ;ѧҪѧϣչĻ

ҵһĻһ֡Ұ鿴̫ˣΪëҪѧһ˶ͬҽѧϵˣȻоأȴƺҺңԶ

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˵뽫ϯһʱ㱨һΡ

ܰһ˵ʱôܻ㱨ϯ

˵һϯĽ

˵һ㣬Ҫʱ̫ϣͳ·ӣ²ڣǵȡһ˵һңֻعͷ˵̸̾ͻׯȥ

ôʹҺܾȡ׷ʲô¡˵һʱ䣬һЩҲһЩ£Ҫʡϯ

ҶҪ˵⼸ëȻ˵ҫѹסţһڲҡʲôʱ

˵ϯûнһأҲܻءᣬҵׯҡ

һصׯԺ뵽ܶĽɫر²ڵſᣬ˵ȥ䷹˿ʵ漴ȥë˵ҵ䷹ˣ˵ëܺá

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˵˵ڿᣬͬ־ǴӻڼҵġҲһᣬҸϿҼʲôʹȥġ

ë˵ȥһʲôҪòôС֡

ëʱ˵ʮֱҪһףĻ쵼С鷢˵ʱ򣬿תëһνҷţ㽭ʡһдģҷڼ䣬ȥ䷹ҹܶˣڡйᣬͨ籨š

ëת⡰ҷšҿˣȻ˵߹ˡŷȥ

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¶ʮգëٿξֳί顣ͨɳ²ݣë޸ĺģйίԱ֪ͨë٣͡ĻС顱³ĻС顱ξֳίᣬ򵳡ĸʲ׼ҿ𡱡

֪ͨյʮڱٿйξۡ

ʮ֪֮ͨͨΪ塢һ֪ͨĻָ졣ëδμ飬ʱںݡ

ëҿйĻ쵼С鳤²Ϳһ鳤࣬鳤ءŴţԱط桢ݱҦԪëңֱģԭûأëȥġ

ҿĽʵȨˡԴһԺһԹΪ˲п˵Ĺҡҽʲôأ

ëŻңҪҶԽʾġġëԶ¶Խһʮ䵭ÿٻصʱ䣬ûȥ࣬ͽ̸̸Ļ̸ëдһǸëԶëеҼ֣˵һʱĻĿչˣëʵѧʾԽﾴ塣

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ëԶµʱںľ¹ѧԺ顣ëԶµһֺ飬˺˽ָµս̶̼УܵίԱ

Һͽ֮϶԰ƽëԶëֶӣཫëԶΪ´֮Ҳս׳󡣵ҶԽĿ˿δ䣬οҲмƽ޷ϥСܻħצ

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һ£ë÷츲غֿʼ

塢һ֪ͨͨë˵ȥ֣Ϣһ¡ëһõΪϾظɽۻĵһֳԭΡ

Ǳܿεķ׷ţںݴ

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³͵СƽһΣë㱨ĻԺë˵ȥ˶е⣬һϢ

ҵʱë仰̸оëƺ⣬ȡ˷β̬ܵȡôǱȻֵĽô

ںסԾÿᣬʱȥɽҿ˼ʱ࣬˵ˣǾȴԵúܺá

ʮɺݶ˻Сʮյʡ̶أĳСʻɽ

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סˮԺϢӱÿ챱ҪͨѶԱļһΡǴıֽҲǿ֪һЩ顣˵ڸѧУˣѧֵúû˹ܵˡʱҲԸ˵

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˵οҪǧɱ

ʵëһǰ˵ˡһףܺڲ췴ɵһЩˣץɽ˺Žޣ

ǵɽʮѮȡˮɽм䣬ÿȳʪû豸ֻ̨ȣ⡣ëǾǨƵ人

人󣬺ƵˡҪͨѶԱÿɱһΣļֽ־żյ浵һţѾһûмˡë人ԹĻڱķչʮָˡĵȦףô׼ǡ̸УҶо㡣

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ߡһΡţԼΪԼĽ׼ɡ

ҵѣֱָ룩ĽҪ׼ͬⷢȥǽ⡣⣬ȥûйһЩܸᷨоţǼС飬ͨھһȫȫˡϣԿ䡣ǱɽģͬˡشǣΥĵͬˣһǵһΣ˵־Ϊתưɡ

ߵɸޣ̾Ӣۣʹӳ³ѸҲ˵ͬĻҸ³Ѹͨġ

ϲ̹ʡ˵Լڽʱˡڵ˼֮ˡͬ־šţЩš

ʱ˵꣬ᵱˮǧɼʮˡֲţܾɽϻӳƴҾͱĴˡҲ塣ЩΪҲЩΪΡ

˺деļ仰ۣۣѩ߸ǹѣʢ֮£ʵѷ䣬ָҡξֳίϣ⼸䡣˹֪֮ºݻ飬ұʾѣֱָ룩ᷨĲͬʲôأ»ϻϸĺףֱ

ҾֻɽˡҲı⣬Ϊ˴ָëڵڵĵˣظҾڶʮʮ˹ظˡ

ģԽߣԽء׼÷ġ

ҲûʲôҪʲˡȫһٶĵˡ˼Ҳ˴÷ˣοأ

ȰҲҪע⣬ҪʤͷԡһԼ㡢ȱʹͬ㽲֪ٴΣ㻹֪ðɣϺдģеӽڻЩӣ˵Ҫǵĵұˣֻ˵ãһЩᷨ׵Ҹڰ𡣴ڲܹɺ͹Ⱥڶ˵ģǵˮɡڵҪȫȫϣȫɣߡԺ󣬻Ҫһκɨţ˶Ҫжɨ

ҵЩڻĻڲܹҲ˵Ϊɺ͹Ⱥǲӭ˵ġҲһʲôʱɵȨ֮ʱɡǻҵֽȥͼԶ߾ٺġ

һǾҪˡйԴһһһʵ۱Ժ󣬷ɵȨǲܳõġĲʮ꣨ʯһ췴ҲˡʯɽΣֿһҾУһɣɴҡ

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ÿ˶ʱҶܣǻұ룬ͬëأԲ˶ȥˡڿҪǶ㲻ġ

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ҲԸ´ңĸʹĵڶ죬뿪һɻص˱

һʮڱ죬ëڳˮ䶯ȫҸëιüˮ˼ûע⵽šҵʱ֪౧Ż̬ȵˣһʮܴ³Խƥ˹ھ¼ľ춯֮٣ò˼顣ҲΪȻ人ǶˮļëˮϣĴӿһ·˳£һ¾Ưüʮ

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صʮָˣӷٶڼȫҳһԲ浺ܵġѾʵȨΪҺȫҵİΣƺﻹбķա

ҹ˵һõϢӢѾɱˡ

ҳһӢҵĺѣںܶϿһ¡ԴӹĸСԺΪԼģʱҲ뵽ӻ᲻ܡ

²ＰԹ๥ֲ¡ӢԴԾܷУëһ»Ｘѱżκġ֪ᱻûеôˡʮĸУӢҵһ·ġ

˵ôûһϢأ˭ûиҡ

浸ʮͨĻ֪ͨԺ˰ܶĲӢ̸ݱȥӢļҪȷѶšӢϵˣ

˵νȻܿĻ̬ȡȰĳſڵѣҲҪȡӢİ취ȫֻĸˣҪɱǾȫˡ

Աǲ׼ɱġɱѵΪɱߵļҲᱻѵӼñӣ̧ͷɱ浻ᱻȥ͸ģҲᱻ·š˵һɾˡ

˵Ҳɱ浽ҵһ죬ͬ飬Աסӡ

ʵ֤ҵһ뷨ǽƵ̫ˡĻĿչûһǼİ취㲻ȥ

˵öԣëȻرҪҵ̬ȡ

ڶȥˡҽëĻ˵ҪڶɹݵԼҴһȥҪͬһϺ¥ȥղõסҡ

ɻպȥϺĳϣҽëĻա˵ʹ죺ҽĸСɸˣͬһȥѧ￴

ֱ飬˭֪ĸʲôһ״̬Ҳܽȥ

ʱ˵ϯǽ㣬ûĸС顣ǲҵĺá



յͷ˵ܣȥǮңȥҽѧԺҽһͬһȥˡ

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Ǯԭǹ񵳾һҽһڰմɽ²빲ڹȥܻӭ񵳵ġͶߡ

ҿŴֱݣһ֡¶ȫ

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˵ҵ뷨˵ϢһҲãȹٿ

ʮµףܵĸСĹѾҡҡ׹һ²ԭܽѹƣһ֧౻ĵίǮҺأ

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ڶǵ˱ѧګҵʶͬѧʦΧѧۡУҺ˵ګͬǽ̸У½ƽǵҪ۶

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ѧۺڱһȦֱ̫࣬Ҳмݽ̨Χˣе̨ϱۡ

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Ҳ뵽뿪人ǰëͬ˵һЩ˵ֻ˲гƾҪЩ췴򲻵Щţ񡣡

صϺŸëë̬ƺһУءûϸܸоëȥѧΪ˽㱨ͨУҽܡȺڽҶĻʲô̬ȡһ仰˵ѧɷԲԣ

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һ꣬ԱĻëħһĻߵ̨ǰȫѧ׶Уëʤߵ̬߻һһܶȮβëëͷβûۿһۡ˴̨ϡëһжȷȺǰ˵ķ硣

󣬰һգë廪ѧһλѧдһšмλѧһ췴֯ԳΪëԷɱʾҵ֧֣췴ëĻѧתأ̼йصӵܡ

֯㣬ȫѧѧ

Ϊ֧УĴֱ˶ëҲдһţڴ˾ҵһŴֱŴֱҪǡʮ뵽طĳЩ쵼ͬ־վڷʲ׼ʵʲ׼ר޲׼ҵĻ˶ȥëȫйĻɴ˿ɼѧĸ췴ë֧š

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ëλĿȴûдɡķѣëƺˡգëΪʾԹ˵Ĺػ˸һЩͻ˹̹⽻ɺ͵âëһжʾëѶԸϵֲµѧʧȥģתڹˡú԰ѧʹѧ·ũ塣ëΪѧøƶũúѧϰٽ

˰âʽë¼ľ䣬Ȼâ棬Ա㴫âڴ̨ϣŶһһǰϹ¾û֪ǰâûâͿʼáίὫŪƤȻһˮâ⣬پһʽųһӣÿ˶һâˮ

֮󣬸ίᶩһƵą̂ϣŶǰ¾û˿

Ҹë˵âȤ£ЦĤâ˴ţҲȤ

ע

ʱԴ˴λ̸бΪë췴ѧϵת۵㡣



ƪ һ--һ



ëȻֱңҲÿ춼һ档ʱҪҵҽƷÿͬԱСͻʿҩ䵽͹Ѳҽƣÿë㱨һΡĻȻڽУǴӳëͬ˵ģʲôĻǻվɽ顢ӡĻԶкġ

ĻƺҲкңԶ˶ĻұʾᷳȻڵĮһЩڣ֮䶷ͣҹģԽԽ˻ǹʹڡЩ˵ĻȻڲͣؽš벻ָԤ䶷ֹݡ

һʮУһ˸Ҵ绰Ҫ̵Ӿȥë

ëʹҪȥ

һ󣬷İСһȫ¥칫¥һҡԭһֵŷӣëԶȫҺͰ칫ҡ

ëԱȫˡ顢ԱСܡԱͻʿȫëȥ߻μӾ¹ƹ

žİһӾΧëİȫҾȵǣëߵŮѸˡҲϤЩԱ;ҿó˶ܳëҸëʱһҲɵ˺һ⵽üʹࡪëԽãԽ޷ëֻвϵߵˣëܱ֤Զܵ

ëǻΪ겻ˢܺƺһ̦

ûа취жʲô⡣

˵Ҳƣǲһλҽ

ë˵ˣұҽˡ

룬ҲƣƣЦοäĿк

ֽһרƣˣλ

ëÿɷ˳ȥ߽¥İ칫ңڵҵϢҽëĻ˵ԴԽһ뽫ɷԺϯһ㿴ߵȫˣֽҪĸá໹ûа֡

ҵ¥׼ķȥϢ

ߵ¥ͻȻԭӶ̨߳

֪ҹ¶꣬һֱдҷŻǩдõļ֤붾ࡣ᲻ǩ˵ӻˣҪʲô⡣ȥˣ¥£ܹԼִԵˣ[sjtxt.om]̫ˡʮָл⡣

ڶͬһȥӾؼëë֣ôӶ߳ˡ

⽫Щë˵Ҳ˷ıԵ

ëЦ˵ãרշӡɡ

ë˵㲻ҪܽˣԼҽʿҲԼȥҡ

ëô졣ë˵ԶԶļܿˡûëġ˺ʹҲûжܡ

ҽԺʱȻҡԺڷֳɣԺ͵ίǶ򵹣ûб򵹣û쵼ӹܡκһɵҽʾҡԼë֧һɵġҲø֧˭ҴϺҽԺһλҽ

һëƼϺλҽˡҺ˵ҲͬλҽһҪǿҡֲýҪһ¡ܲ룺˵ǿ㣬ǿǱе£ǿҡ

ֻһҽһ淭ܲ̿ëơëһֱڶ񻯡ֻнˮڣʳɾڸȾĨҩһԺ֢״ͺöˡ

ëĲʹֻϵģҲϵġһ׼ٿйھŴȫᣨŴ󣩡ʱڲìѾȫ滯һꡰ˴

ĸ쵽ʱδٷŤתּ֧쵼Ը˳ݣë˼벻й쵼ʶ̬ëġðЩ쳤ëĽ䣬˾͵Сƽ

ʮëһֱȡ޲׼ĻһŬĺڳﱸھŴȫڼ䣬ëĸ˳ǵǷ켫ǰë£гźƤë¼ë¼ڵҲҪ౳һΡйÿ춼ҪëǰϹʾ㱨°ʱҶһë¼ëϯ˼ѳԽʶ̬Ϊڽ̾ġ

ðëĴԾʷӴݹжǧ򵽶ǧ˶˹ƸߴǧˣĻйңݲ飬ɢͥ꣬йĻϵȻ޴档

ϯ治ĸһʮ¿⵽˵Űһ£Ҳ֪ѺҲʡ

ڡŴ󡱽ãҲ֪һʮ±Ѻرգزʮһȥǰûеõҽơ

СƽҲŵءξֵίֻëֱܶû£Ķ򵹻򡰿վʡί쵼ĸίӹʡճ񡣰˴ѡίԱѴ󲿷ֱ򵹡

һھŴȫŤתʮ˴ƶĸ죬ëΪ쵼ë˼ΪָйΨһʶ̬ѡµйίԱᣬٴίԱѡξֵίë־͸Ŵ³Ϊٷʶ̬Ļδʽ

ҸëܲʱѿʼڳﱸٿйھŴȫᡣֳɡһĸС飬һֱšܶм䣬͡Ϊʲô˽йίԱξ֣൱ҡ

ëδʾ

ҿóܶΪաܴδ۹Σҹ¥ܣܹë°ϽЩʲô˵ûжֻི˵°ŽĸСĸͷ졣ĸСԱȫͷ˽ͷȨһʱǰΧܵҲǽŵĵһѻҾбҪܣѲ⡣

ҸܣԴĻĴĿ㡣Ļĸ;ìܡǾĻ㡣ǹĶȫ⽻ϵͳ㣬ϯ˵һǷ֯Ҫĸٿ˴˵ܷ㡣Ǽ˵ӾϢ˵òſôĻᣬҸʮ̸̸ͿˡⲻԻҪȥ

̾˿˵ҶԽԾһ죬ҪݣصطɻӰһľһ굽βҸŵġ



˵Щͬʲô˽Ҹ˶⣬ûжԱ˵˵ǺáסҪͬκα˽

ܶëСĽΨֲëͼֱһεܡϵģ˭쵼ܶΨΨϹϾΨǴӡ

һʮһʮգëߴνӼаʮѲ찲Ź㳡ġܶúֱ찲ǰᱱĳ֣򱱽ȥĶ·ϡë˳ճѲмġ

Ϊ˵г·ߣܴһűдͼһһͼڵ̺̯ڵͼǰΪëָ㷽ëվڵͼԣһֽ̣һܵĽ˵

վԱߣܲζһôֹܾūһأë̬ȴһƺһСëרƼȨëܵľϵϱ¶šëһҪܵģ°ëּ죬ҲܱסλһΪܹģëȫûнܷëΪдȡȨҰģܹ

ܶԽҲΨΨһʮ£ܶõĽᡣˣҪܡӰʱھ͸ʿʿĳԪӭȥ

뽭Ϣһ¡ಪȻŭ˵Ԫһֻһֻǡϸץ

¸˴ϴԪͿԵɵĹӱܸһҪԪ˵û˽ġδͬ⡣ͬ˵ԪһӡΪ˱ѣԽԪ׳ȥ

Ԫȥ칫߸У·Ͷ

ǵھŴȫζеĹؼڽȨֱ֧롣һΪʹ޽࣬ëͬȥӡǶɻδŴٿ֮ǰΪξίԱƽߵҲܽҲ֧˵ǲμͷ˶ξίԱ

ڼ䣬ͻȻʮָѪҪҺһȥë棬Ϊֻҽ˵

˵Ѫܶ࣬ȽΣյʱ˵һ䣺Ǹͬ־

ͬѹҲˡҷëһ仰Ҳ˵ϱľȻƺ޶ԡ

䳡һë˵вҽİ취Ρʲô취

ߺë߻ʿ˵ֱɥֱ֡һޣëܡ⼰ǲڸϵ

ҽë˵ġɥĻ˵£ǶΪë飬ûΪ˸¡˵㲻ҪΪɿǼ絹ң˵ࡢͬҵξίԱ˵ҡܻұʾ̬ȲξίԱ㿴Ǽʹ档

һʮһʮգйٿ˵ھŴȫᣬȴЭɻʤ֧֣ѡйίԱίԱйξֺίԱַα棬ٷնΪë󶫵ġսѺͽӰˡë˼ԡŴ󡱺󣬳Ϊйġָ족

ֱĶҲ󲻾ãΪվսⴵɡйĵȻ䡱ëһλŮɷڿվ˾һЩݽ¼λŮ˽ëڿվʢֱ롣վһҪЧֱ

Ŵҵѹ֡ëҪת˴·ߵĿʵ֡ŴëʮζĽٷ֮ʮǰίԱίԱְǶصĵίԱǽֱĵʶĺˡйǵ쵼ǰ;ã



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ֱʱԽԽӽȨ۷壬ȫйȫ»ӵλָΣȫйײԭʡĵίǣʡ˾ԱίΡйӴĹУϵ£һɫǾˡʹëȥдҲˡȫйֱ쵼±ë¼ѧϰžγȳӱƣȫϾװȻҲ⡣ֻë˯ۣڹ¶ʱһλϾװԱʾ֧־ӣԺֻɽװ

ʱйˡһ·ݷպ߾䱦װͻ¼ڣȫйڱս״̬һЩĸɲЩ֪ʶӺͽʦȫ·ŵ߸УͶ졣УĿʹ·ŵũʵƶũѧϰճҹϢѼضͶ˭֪߸УΪѧϰʵΪ֡ѧʹѧЩ֪ȥɽ硱ԡƶũٽ

һ·СڶΪкըԭӵıӻ

ܲĵͨб񣬶̱޽ˡһŹ̡ǰģʱëһ⣬Ҫ˼Ժشë˵룬ǵıӡȣձ˶Ӷ˷йôйôأ

ʵúͻȻҴû뵽Ҳ֪ëıָʲô

ڶͬ˵һش𲻳

ë˵ձʵǶԶúġҿڵİ취źãԶ

˵ǵıֽʷԽ̡ͬôܽأ

ë˵ͬͬûռйһءͳɭ̨ˡǸɣϷӡϲͬɴ򽻵ģɽʵĿڲһ˵ĺȫһ

̸ͬʱҲ̸ëⷬΪ˵˵ûЩɴ¡սһ声±ϵ⣬йΪ۹Ȩ۴δԻɫҸ벻ëĶߣдȵĸı䡣

ɭҲڸıйߡɭͳͻ˹̹ͳҶǡͳ˹ë޼尲ȫϵйƻй½ԭӵءëɭĿıϡ

ë˵ʲô޼尲ȫϵսϵ޷й

ëŹݻɫйԭӵ򲻵׵úܡ

һʮѮܶйפʹݵһݱ棺ɳٰһʱװչᣬڿĻľƻϣפʹйפʹݳϯƻ˱ʾϣͬйפ̸ëͬ⡣ļҿˡ

ë˵ڻɳ̸һֹͣѾʮһˡڿشţ̸һ̸ɭг⣬ԸͬйԻ



ҳëϵĻᣬ¶ҽѧ־ҪҸëĻԺҽѧ־ڣǶҽѧ½չһ֪

ëմҵıԽԽ֡ұ뾡ȡ֪

ë˵ǧټƴǵϢǾôԼԼסֽš

дһ־ı潻ҡ

ëдıܶͿë˵ҪһǵĶ⣬رǶϵ

йٷԲϹٱԽϵȴ̨°չ

ëڹ᳹Զͷŵϴ磩սԡ



ƪ һ--һ



ȫйʱڱս״̬ëƻͽŹϵëġӰ˺սѡֱԽβŴ󲻾ãһѲУһβëֵĵ⡣

ϺİһӸʹȷӣҲ׾˵֯ܳһעëŮѸˡ

ĻڼҵؽţëȻһԥ

һëֳѲһ·人ݺϲдķԱȫϴװŮӡ£㽭ʡĹŵλŮëġѡԼ÷ֱݡ˵ëķԱĻʱڷС͡졣ĽԽ»ëϯ˽Խǡʱ廯

д֮⣬žľѲڡʱҾͷ֣Ӿܺ󣬷ȥǾˡ人ݵϲʡ쵼ԱһɫȫǾˡ

ëдﻻһɫľˣܻĶͬ˵ô൱ʲôë֪˻ϼʵĻëȻʹޱӡҪЩ˳ߡ

ΪëԾ˵ĵ⣬ֱĲҽ⻰ˡ˵ʲôԻɵġӸ֧󣬶˸쵼ȨȻҪϾӵˡûоܣϴϾװһжĸߣë˹ϵѽѺۡ

һʮһ·һС£ʹҿ϶ëֳص⡣µ׻ص˲ڣʮѮ人ʮѮ𣬲к£Ȼ½ʮһѮѾˡҴӶ꾭֪ůëһðͬ⣬ΪµͣǶͺĺûᡣʱ򲡣رסԺȥˡҫ¸Σ绰ҶȺҶ¸ֱ롣

ҲҪů

ŽֱĻëëһδƺÿɷ񡣵ȵųȥԺë˵ʲô¶˼ұ档˼ңֱָҶȺŸƨʥּ

仰ԿëѾѺۡ

ʮһµףԾûпůëðˣƣ֧׼Էòơëָܿˣͬ⿪ů

ëҸдһ汨棬дԴƾ˵˵ԴβǣҲÿů

ڴͬʱҲֱĹϵжءҾΣΪȻë޶ģҰĲκοʹﵽĿĵ˽ϵĸķ׷Уͼֹ̹ϵ塣

ֱëսѣ˵ëϯĻһ䶥һ䡱ֺҲΪë¡Ǻۡ

ڷư˾ûϲ



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һߣһʢëһλŮҪԱëĳλԱڽӽӰ첻á˽޿֮ӷǳġ޷˽ëôľëȻǸҲһ㳣ëһһ˿ںʱҪҿᣬˡ

Ϊ°첻áϲλŮҪԱǸ洿ӵŮӡҲЩָأλԱֻ˵ЦİˡңǺ⣬ˣһ⡣ëëΪָɣΪëëΪȻ˵ҵ̫СǵëˣɹԵȥɡҵ쵼ֻ÷˿˻ᡣ

ϣԺͻʹ˲ŮҪԱǳˣëȥ״Ҳ֪ǸЩʲôãҾ֪ҷ˴

ڴӺݻرרϣë̸һΡë˵̫ˣܵ£Ҫܡҿ㻹ȱٶر֯һҽƶӣũѲҽơӴᣬƶũĽһЩ

ҾȥæıսҿԹ۲һµرսʵ

ȥһȻëıڱ᧿Σ

ڼ䣬ڣ͸˾һҲ췴ˡжˮԴůճҲά֡һ˻ҵԿףȡʵˣ͵üһɡҾܾκһɣ

ͬëҵëתˣҺ¹ϵȫת칫֣Ҳᵽλ칫ڡ

һδƽһ߸У󲻾ã浵Ļȫᵽʡձ߽粻ԶԶũУֻһλϱķչӡ

浲ۣòϳܾϵĴÿ絽Ҫũ׳һظͶϻҪμ˼лᡣЩ˵ķòʷд⡣Ƕֻ֪ΪëԲûнֵ־ϵĥܲˡ

ȥҿȥ浣˳㰲οҵҽƶפڲͬĵطܱڱҪöࡣֻҪԶ뱱νţҵӼ档

ȥǴűġĵϴԼһٶ๫أʱڡѡΪѲҽƵĵص㡣

ԭȥ˵ǵļƻȫˡڱҽԺûлָϯ˲ûеطסԺѾеĸ߼ֲλϺⱱˣ齨һҽԺֽнžҽԺרϯ쵼׼ġѾͬ㣨ָңΪԺ

Ϊ·źһ¹һҪҿᣬҵ·šëѶսʧȥΡͿҲһֱڹҡ;ԼʵǸ˸ֱߵ̫ûע⵽ë˶˽ġҶθëֵĵʱ֮Աǡȷë

ҴӱҽԺһλڿҽһλƶţҽԺһλҽţһλһʿСۣһλίţҺԱСһ߸ˣҩƷ¶ʮճ˱ֱ쳵



ƪ һ--һ



İ칫Ѵ绰ʡίԱкǵһжŵúܵι۹оһݡǲι˹ҵǹ͵ҩʱ׼ӭսµĵصһƬʼˮ࣬ΪԽҲȥ˽ļҰսҽԺݺ豸ܼ򵥣վǴ´ġȥ䱦鱻ܾʡί˵ձ߽ȻʱСͳͻսպŨǲҪȥĺá

ӹֳ˻𳵵ĵСһСУǺలھסһҹһһ𣬾ɫˡ˸ңĻǰﻹЩ׶סܺͶΪĸԺ뿪йˡиί˾гֲιۺͿʮǳ˳Աˣʡһλҽĵһλҽͻʿһũ߼Ҵҽơˡҽ

סİ칫ԱСͬһ䡣Ըһչҡĺ֣ʺֲ׺ʹ󶹡

ũҲϷͬɣݸиӣһŮٶһԷ˯ʡɭδ⵽Ŀ˼Ҽ㹻ľ𡣿и󷹵Ļ¯̴ðů

кˣҲгˡвͬϰסһֲֽڿϣÿ̨ɾҲԵࡣйϰһ㵾ڿϣԿҡũûнͷҲ׾ݡûҽ˲ȥ￴û뵽Ҫȥҽҩ̫󣬳Ҳ̫Զִҽƹڴ˲ڡ

ʱиũâ۾ĽĤûʵҽҩ豸ҪȥҽԺûǮȥ

Ǵ󲿷ũƽҽҴһ嵽һ壬߼ҴҩƷҽơǿʱЦտʮ׽Ű

ν˺没ũԣҰţȦʳķȾ档

ũ⣬ܲã˺Ⱦ没

Ȼϲҽȴûܼһ档ڵ߸УսѾӺǨʡҷǳ˼ҵļˡڤڤУƺ˵ħһֱڰǷָ浵ҵ֪Ӻܲù·ŵвٴšһ˵˵ⱻһ˵˵Ͷϡ˰ܡҵļ˺ҶΪЩ˶еɥķǳƽƺĻ£еһԴ

Ѿĸˡһߣʮһڴũ񿴲һճ˾ӳ˵СʱˡǴһӵһӣҰ

ʲô¡˵칫˳;绰н״Ҫ̻ȥҽҽƶӽίţҽͬ˾˼ճĵѾϾŵˣһֻĵ˾һҪҽУвһҲԲȥҲ֪Ҹϻرʲô飬᲻µۡ

ɻѾʮһˡһʮɻͣڻܵϡҵϷɻֻһˡִﱱѾҹʱࡣë˾еҡ

ڿյڵĽֵϼʻϺԴһ޾¡ͣӾǰʱ󺹣˵˼ڴ㡣ٸϸ



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ë鷿ҵɳϣɫ죬١ʲôطѲҽơҸʱ˵Ǿǹд״ʣƽ񡱸⺺鶵ĵطˡ˵ǵġ˵ҿǲˣˣȽлʿҵİ˹ƬóٸҼ飬˵˵ëһҽƹ˵ﲻ࣬ҽǸܺõѧϰ顣ұʾϿƬӡ

ֵóëز˹Ƭ˵Ժؿɳ˴ˡ

ҲȻ˵ôԺأ

˵ԺѾְˡڼ䣬ܲıʤβܺڲѾͬͨΪžҽԺԺ

׳ʲô£

ԭǵµ¬ɽٿŽȫᣨҲȥ󲻾ã¡ë˾ӶߺһιϯһףŰֱ뾭ɴ˻ٴϯĽ顣ëδкϯϳְλ

תѰ˵Ĵ˵¬ɽǰҶȺͬкҪϯûֵλˡҶ֪ëëϯһְλ쵼顣ŵ˶࣬ëҲܲض˵

ֱ뼯ҪԱҶȺ⣬ܲıʤվ˾ⷨܡ˾ܺڲԼ²˸ңһߣ¬ɽǰǾãҪϯҪڻĸ鷢ȱ̬ȫĴǵķԡ

ԭĻС鳤²йھŴδԺйξֵίֱҶȺãɳ±ѡ˼ëһЩŵ¼ֱ󶨵ġۡĲϣСдëţĴëιϯڻڶż򱨡

һʱΪëּ׷׷ԣϯһߣëξֵίʾٳιϯҲҪϯ󲿷ȫĻ֪һָϯëֲƸΣ£ֱֻΪΨһѡֱֵ̡·˺һδ󡪡ΪйϯëͷǷҡ

¶ʮëٿйξֵί飬ջػڶż򱨣²֮չ硱

ڻϣֱ룬ϯë˴Ƣ˵ֱһⷵġһ٣ְͣʡڼд֣˼ҶȺ̸ĻȫëΪЩëҲͽ⿪˻ĸ

ڼ̸ܶͬ˻׼ӹܾ֡˳ë˼ְ񡣿й칫β佨廪ѧ֧ĳȺܵĲáٶȴ͸¶Ϣ˼

˵ҷ˴ˡڼд֡Ҳã˼ϢϢϯѾˣںҲˡ˶ܶͿ֮ǣַ߷ߵظ˵⼸˵ơ

һನСëҷ⣬˵һⷡ

˵һ쵽ֵ࣬Щʲôô֪ȷʵ֪ĻӴ˶ˣֵࡣ

ëŮλվβĹŵѣٳϺҶȺֱϵУëֱڿվȨһʱëΪ˶ġëһζ˵Щ˶ס

ʱʼŰϺëʽֵ࣬չëճ

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ˡ¬ɽĵζನδƽֱ½ëζһ㣬¹˭֡δ֮ǰʮһ˲

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ҲŴӺϻر

ƬӿǷ׵Ӱ񡣿ڵʱļζУëľڸ߶Ƚźͻ״̬տѧ̬ȣӦʵ˵ϣĻҲͳֱһˡͬԾë֧׼ԷֻҪͺˡ

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ȥλҽë̸ǡ˵ǰһǷףܲˣֻҪͬȥʹﵽĿġǶͬˡ

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һŰ˰Ӷʱ󣬲֪˹ŵһߣйʱԼǸܻӭŽλת˹ŵпҲ˽ë϶λе⡣ëָĵֱ롣

ע

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һһʱëֱĲδﵽ㡣廪ѧίḱл˵ɷСڿվί칫ҹͨлϢڿվ֯ϺӡϺС顱̵͡ӡװȨ׼

СҪëע⡣ëѲѲĻʹ쵼˼ʡ쵼˴к

ֱĵ룬ҲֲڸʡëԿԵõʡ;쵼˵֧֡ëĺǰͬ˵ҾͲţЩ˾ԱǾͶֱߡѵžͶ췴ɣǾϻžָӣϾɽλȥ

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һ޳ԼţԼλ칫ΡֱҶȺ칫ΡĴգָʤⷨܡˣֱʾ⣬ҪҪԼ֣ԿҪ飬ҪôȨ

ֱë쵼ȨҪѵëĻӰЩԳֵ⡣ë˵ֱ£ָ¬ɽ֮£ȻҪһЩΡëء

ë˵Щô죿ǽķ룬ǡǰѺβˡֻҪ˭˴󣬲Žᣬ·ߣǲ̫ðɡرԺ󣬻Ҫ̸̸ǲңȥǡеĿܾȵùеÿܾȲ󷲷·ߴˣǺصġ¶㡢Ź⣬ǻͷ𣿡

˴Ѳ뿪һ¡һһʮհ˱̨Ϻǰë˱кͱĸ˷̸̨Ҫֱ롣

̸Ժ󣬻صϺӾѾ쵽ϰˡŵˡ

˽ӵӱӴĵ绰ʱӾҵеװʱʮӡ

绰뾯ŸųźɱӴģ˵ֱŮ⣨ֶҶȺҪֱӡ



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̸ܶ˽绰

ܶʱøᣬӵ绰̱Ϻʮһ㵽ӾءëԲ֪¡ܶϯֱӣһš

ܶë档ֱŮܱӵź꣬ҶȺֱҶȺղŴ绰ܣ˵ֱҪƶһ£˵ûзɻܲ˿վһսͣڱɽػܻҶȺǵǱӡЩ˵б䡣

ëһ˵ֱҪǱӣȫһ𡣵漴ܵı棬ĵĸܡ

ܽ飬ëǰᵽȥסֱߵĿȻֱڱ٣Ǽƻ䣬ʱᱬװӣñȽϰȫ׷ֹ涨κûеͬǰͬϵ"+---------Qɣuu.m"

ëԱ賿ǰĵִһһ˺ҫڸ˰칫ҡһֱڵȱӵĺ档ܶҲڵϢ

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ʮ賿ʮ֣ź绰˵ֱ˺쳵ˡŵȿճβ׷зǹá쳵ʮףճֻĸףҲ׷ϡ·ĺ쳵ͻȻֵͣձȻ³˶˼ǹҽԺΣұһǹ飬֪صδβֱ׷ɽػʱֵķɻʻܵ

Ҫõ

ëͬ⡣ë˵Ҫ꣬Ҫˣʲô취ֱҪܣȥɡ

Ҫ򡣡

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˵ɻɣȼϲֻһͣɲ˶Զ

ʱɻײͣڻеԵļͳϵ͹޸ǡһϵĵײƣײѡʻԱ캽ԱߵͨѶԱûϷɻ״⵽ɻ·ɻıѩƬڽʱ칫ҡ

ֱǼܷɻȥ

賿ʱë棬ֱǼܷɻѾԽɹա

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ڵ磬ܶ͸ëɹ񹲺͹ջйפɹŴʹı棺мйɻ̶¶׹٣ϰһŮȫ

ȵʮפɹŴʹ֪ͨܶ˶ݺȷ׹֮һΪֱ롣ëֻɵ˵һ䣺ܵú

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ȷֱ׹˵³ܺã˴⡣

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Ҷܣ˵ëֱѾ˺ܴĽ䱸ģϣܲҪֽͬʱܳƬ̣ͬˡǹһڣҶȺͻȻ绰ңëĽ˵ֶ֧ȫΧڿչ֧׵ķι

ҶȺĻܳԾҶȻԸҴ绰˵Ѿ֪ëͼֻһˣɼ¶˿ڷ硣ȥܶܣë֪ˣëỳҶͨ籨š

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ȵֱ˷ɻܺëǨáǰرҴк˵Ժϯ彡ǿǶûֱ뽲

ǻоĵġھңܸëֱëĽ

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ҲѵٽֱҶȺƬҲø࣬˰Ƭջ١

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ֱ׹Ҳ˵νšһ¼Ժ󾭹ܶµĵֱ֤롢ҶȺһһƶװƻΪһװ壩̡߻װ䣬ɱë󶫣ȡȨɣͷɵݣ롣

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֡Ҷ߻ɱëļƻëѲ;Էɻը𳵣ϺɿվάǹëըըϺŻëгͣŴͿ⣬ݸ˶·°װըըͨʱëרС

Ҳϸŵİɱƻȷԡ

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ǷβķȾԿƵĻԽأ˥ߡ

ë˵βĸȾܲ跨ƣע俹ء˵Ը룬ֻͬڷҩǿʼڷءֻǳԳͣͣʱԣһְֹͣ취ڶϸصĵֿʹβȾӲ׿ơëȫԽԽˡ

ʮһ¶ʮգԽͬʡëһһճëߵĲ̬ܶ˶ңΪʲôë·ôѣľƵŲ

ëڴգʱڹµսԡǰҲһ괺죬Ļ󣬵ھӢ߽׹ԱȺЩ˼ıѱ˾ëܵսѡֱ롣쵼ë棬ΪֲʺӰˡĶëļ˸˳ݣŵľն޴οںšëڴշתĸ£ҪЩͬ־صߡ



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ëƻô󲿷ֵϸɲְԪ˧׷ëĵһš

һ߶һգǰ⽻᳦ȥһĹֱԸɡʹĻĴ󡢺ıԼֱĴ쵼

һǰ󣬹Ժ̷֡Ԫʦ㡢ҶӢǰϺÿᣬԽ༰ĸСǿĻһЩʮգ̷ָдһţ˵겻üУüһëһϾɽֱ뽫תëϼ˵̷˼뾹Ϳ䵽˵زȫ֮⡱



ëźټ˲ξίԱᣬڻûЩˣָǸ㸴١㷭ֱ롢˱Ķȫ϶µĸģ쵼ɲ˺ξֹͣ˻ĸСͷȡһ¼ĸСΪ

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һӣë˯ѾͻȻμ׷ᣬ̾ߡһͻȻʹǴֲ

ʱӣֻ˼˯¾ߡ˵䣬Ҫ·ǡֻһ´˯⣬ñӡϳ˱ɽȥ˴绰ܶ˵һͻȻ仯ҽȥ˱ɽ跨ȡů⡣

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ʱܶҶӢµ˷׷׸ϵˡԱ˵ëϯˡҲϢҳ˳ҭ

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ڱļկŬҲμ׷ᡣëͬŬ֣Ŭ˵ҵսȥʮգһܷɻҪȥɹŵ¶ˤˡ˵ҵλսѾֱ룬ҡ֧ҡ

ë˵Ƿֱ롢ȴط桢ݱëⷬȫҲһЩ߼ɲĽƽ˵·

Եһǣڳ׷ǰıܳ䡢ǰվίǰ˾漴ƽֱһ¶ʮټžܲί졢֡פԺУλϸɲһˣÿᣬࡢְ񣬲졣ë˵ࡢҪЩ˵⣬ֱġ

ëתĻ˵䣬˽⡮ࡢ¼ˡ

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˵ֱ¼ķʹëͷЩ򵹣򿿱վĸɲ

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ƪ һ--һ



һ߶ëĽ״񻯡Ǵӳ׷ϺԺëˡ˱ɽǹºܵͣȻһͰװպú飬˶á׷Уëһֱվš׷ʱЩҿʼԡ󣬳̧ţǲϳںϰȣ˳ǰǴûз顣

ԺԵķβȾأ˵աע俹أܾˡֻÿڷء֢״ûһ˿תŸԽԽأβɲӡֽ壬ҽëͬ⣬˵жΡ

ڷط죬ëͣˡ˵˲á

ëѾƽԣֻܿɳ˯ʱԺʱʱ˯

һʮսʱң˵ë塣ܵëңϸѾÿһʮ¡̴绰˺ܶ˵ëͬҪļ飬ëѾΣͻȻ仯ͻֲ

ܾҽ飬Ϊ鳤ӱҽԺеӺͱҽԺθºһЩȻʿʱסϺﲿë˵ñҽԺڿ༰Ϻﲿҽ񶫲μƹҽоԺԷҽԺڿҪҽơͬʱȰëĵͼ顣

ҽܵĽë˵ˣʼëͬ⡣ҽƣԺָܿȥͲ׻ָˡĸѿʼɢëͬЩ򵥼飬ֻ޶ĵͼ졣

ǺģΪβĸȾܵ𺦣ҲǷ˷ĲѾ˳Ѫ˥ߺͷԲԲû㹻Ժʱ˯ʱѡĵͼʾĶ١

ë˵ԵʮƣȥëʶˣҪ˵Цοɲͬˡ꣬ͷҽиëȻҽ۽Ͳ顣ëûе˵꣬˵ˣǳȥо˳ȥԺֽҽлȥ˵ҿҽʲôã߰ɡ

ܲð죬ҽʱѾʮˣһλҽɲ֮֮ܺȥ

Һҽ͵ͬʱ̸̸ëĲ顣

ʹûܵ

ࡢëҪףע÷أ֣ǿģȼע䣬ȻڷػƵƼ򣨷ëֻͬǰ˵Ҫôšǵİ취ˣһûа취ˡ

ëȻġҪȥʿʲôҩβģëͬҩֱ¼󣬵ʱҲйξֵί֮һĿͻȻضȵľ֢ڵ̨ķɳϣһҲһﲻëĲȫͬ

ҵıҽˡ˵ʲôҩţֻſءԺ󣬽ֻſظëë˵㿴ҪôֵҩˣػƼֻעһΣͣ

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ͬⲻི

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ܡһӣΧëɳǰתͷ⡣ˡҫʵ˶ܰߡ

ëһǺһ̵ȳëϰǱ̵۴ȥ̵̵۽ȥë־ӣë̵۵ϰߡ

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Ҹߵſڣëһ˵Ҫл˵ʲôҪ˽ġ⻰ԶŽ˵ġ

ʱ˵һʯͷ˵ءȻ˵Ļŭţľ

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ëͷȫɳϣ˵ҿ˸ҳԵҩûá



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ëҡͷ˵ˣҲˡԺȫ졣

ҿ˫ԲȭȫҪըˡܶأֳϥϣֱͦ΢΢ǰ㣬

ëЩǽҵĵȨܶǵŽ潲ġʱδȫ󺹣ûᵽëʱе˼߱ʣëһԼ

ë˵ˡȥɡ

ܡ߳ëңë鷿ߵʿֵСϢҡˡҫһ˶ڡ

ཫñºһ˵ǸšҪȻܶ˵ãټξֻ顣˵꣬ڵˡ

ܶ˵ͬ־֪ͨڱξίԱڻÿᡣ

ΪʱϾŵӡ



ƪ һ--һ



ʮһӣξֻСʱҪࡢöϢǵԺƽͱ־ǿҲˡԡ

һᣬξίԱҦԪ߳Ҧ˵ξֺͽͬ־ίУ̸̸ƽ־ǿǶλûвμëϯƹҲһжһ

ëϯһὡ׳ÿβμӼͽӼڷϢʱһ˵ëϯ棬ȡⲻǿջǿҦƤóһëԽͬʱֵƬ˵ǿϯյöôеðǴֲʲôݣ˵ϯķʲô˥ߡ

ǻѱ飬ҡġֻҪεġ

ҦʲôҪ˵ûΪҦЩѾϸ˽ۣɽˡҦתƽͱ־ǿʲôжϡҲƲ˵ʾκ̬ȡ

Ҧ˵Ƕûǻȥɡξֻʲôۣ֪ͨǡ

Һ⡢صӾأʱѾһ¶ʮ賿ʱǺ˯⡣

ŵȫѾʮ꣬ҴʮꡣһľйȡȨǰǱƽҽԺԺǹԱΪ£Ļڣ򣬹ؽƼνţһסҽԺʱŽų˵ѵҪץ𣿡

ȰҪΪҲûãο̣ƣõëͬ⡣ë䲡أûûı֤ݡˣԼҲܽ꣬ΪëֹͣƣҲ֪ξֻ飬ʲôĽ

賿ʱô绰ֽȥǴëֹͣǰһ˻ĵͼͼѿм粩ļȱѪ

μǵҶӢ

Ҷ˵ξ̸̸ͬϯǲҪйǣǽҶʮǳƺ⡰Ժ

ҽֱ¼ë仯Ŀǰ״̬ǽˡóĵͼǡ

ҶסԺࡣѧ˿ĵͼëĵͼԺ˵вˣô˵ûвô˵ҽѱ飿

Ҷϸʵͷҹܶë没鼰ƵȻ˵ûдϯֹͣƵβǡǷĻӾȥú׼һơرע׼üȵҩƷþߡӽÿ쵽Ӿȥֵ࣬Һˡ

ȻҶʲôǴʼû˵һ仰ޱ顣ҶǻȥʱѾ糿ߵˡ

һҹڣҶĻʹ¶һɨ⡣Ҳ¶ЦݡһߣһһƶԲߡصӾغ˵㶫˯ˡ

ӣʱҶӢѾˡߵͺˡ

Ҷ˵ֵ໹Ҫ̸̸ͬȻ˵ԺϯѾʮˣǶ˽㣬ģȥһûܵ۵ʱ򣿡

ֶ˵Σ˼ʮҽ˶ٲˡϯʹģҲȹˡѵβϯĲ

˵ֻҪϯΣһεúá

ҶЦЦ˵ôáϯڲΣ˻ҪεġֶԺ˵Ҳʶ㣬ᣬҪ¡ʱʮꡣ

ҶӲߡ⡢ʱᵽﲿסӾصһ任

ҽôҸûмëҪ˵ϻͬҵ˵ֻܼ¡

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˵ҹӾص˻ãھξίԱϵˡһ볡ʹУ˵ϯһţҪξ顣ġŴšҦԪͣҳһšҪҶ˧Աߣְסҵȣڶš

֪˼ǣҪʱۡܣ˵лҪ̶˵ϯܺãΪʲôҪȨʱȫ˵ҦԪξ֣ҽ̸ƽͱ־ǿҽμӣҽѧǶжϡ

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˵ǰ㱨ˣҪסǿġķҪͳҩ



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ӽʱһЩ˶ԱйӶԱʾǺйϣõ롣йʾܶʾӣлй

һòľܾʽ磬ëܵı棬ͬܵñ˻ܡǵҹëðҩ󣬿ʼԷʱëѾ˯Բ壬϶ؽ绰⽻˾˾أӷйòףëظһ飬ëͷ˯硣

ǵһйȷѺñʾܶ˵һСת˴򡣡˼ƹһǣ˽δľƷչ

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˶ʮӣëǿ̵ܽȳ̵ںУ̴٣ëʹȥ

̽ë𣬺ȭߵǰأкϯϯ

ߵ͹أëˣ߹ǹۡҵĻʧڳķҽԱĻҡϴ绰ﲿмԱƿ̵ӾأͬʱëҺϺ༱ҩע뼤أܾΣӦ

ʮӺ󣬻еӵȼԱҸϵӾ⣬вȥ

Ŵѩﲿǰ棬ЩڵȳҼˣһȥ

֧Ӿ鷿ڣëûѣе̵Կе̵̵Ȼë֣Ϻ

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ܶԺȥëëѾȻ£˳סܣ˵̸ͬ

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ϸ˷ʵȹ̣Ȼ˵ղ̸ͬˣΪǴĹӦоһ°ɡ

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˵ԭҫͬ־ң˵ϯֻͬͺ񶫽Ӿأ˲ƿ̵ҫͬ־ͬýӾûҽ豸ǽƷǳ㡣ôҲͨЩҲһһϯ˵ٰͬ졣ˣ뵽Щ顣

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ëע俹⣬ַǿļʲôʱųС㣬ų١ǰƽʱٴһĸСʱųԼǧС㡣

Ц˵а𣿡

˵βǸݲĳ̶Ⱥҩ𵽵Ҫǣ涨ҩʱҩ

˵ҩҲܣǻʿָ¡˵꣬鷿ȥˡ

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˵ʱ䳤ˣͻ֪ˡСʱëʼС㣬һųһǧ˰ٶҶЦݡ

ëܸˣȥԷϸõĵʲôǽԺ˵κáɭͳҪ֪𣿡

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ë˵¶ʮһܹǰ𣿡

˵ֻҪȥɭû⡣

ë˵ǺãǸȥȻһӾس⡣òʱëǲǵԱ˵ǡëΪʲô

˵ǰ񵳡

ëЦ˵ǰҲ˹񵳡ʲôϵȻ˵򱱾ҽԺк뵳ǽˡ

˹

ܶӾأƼЧʮָˣͬһźӰ˵ллǡҺС㣨ӱǳԴڽӣһ󵰸⡣ǰ˵¶ʮһͳɭһҪϯָܹ



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ܶΪɭ硣ɭص̨ݣë̻

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г־õĺƽνһ˵ĺƽ

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йձķǹٷϵѽж꣬˫ó׳

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ëӴһӴɭëΪеĽ̸֮ɭΪǢΪձսڼֻеǸʱë˵ûձֻҲ˵ûйʤнĻ̸ë˵Ľ״ѣˡëϷëԼ᳤꣬ô˵̽̽еķӦ

ë˵ͬûϹѧǾʵģҲֻˣձڵķйĴͳߣ⽻ϵľ

ɭͳҲһΪơ˶֮ڱȥְëԻӭȥйΪѡϵûëԭչʽ⽻׶Ρ̨δı䡣ֱһ߾꣬סͳڣйŽʽ⽻ϵʱëȥꡣ



ƪ һ--һ



ëˮȫԺ˺ܶ࣬ȥһȦԭǰʮңʱֻʮԲԲɼ򢡣ϵƤǰֱƹǼݣȻϵļήرԡ

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ëо۾ģļõķŴ󾵣ԽԽ󣬿Ȼģ

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һ߶ףﻳˡҫ˺Ҫúջƽ

ҫ˵ëûˣοʱѽʮ꣬زԺⲻëĺӡ

˵ⷽûʲôչ˺òõ⡣ԼĹҽҽԺȥǰ飬

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ҿˡҫ˶̬ȣȥҲûôҽܵЭҽԺơҽԺҽܵģΪͷСλ׳ķˣĻдܺġ¹󡱣ȻҪϱ

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һĹ涨ξֳίëһԱþëͬܿܶÿҽƹë׼

ë˵˰βõģԽΣԽ졣Ҫˡ֪ˣţҲ졣ߣҪóһЩԶЩ



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˺ëһֱܾ壬ĵͼ˹ƬЩ򵥵ļ鶼ûɡ

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ҡ鷿˴ƿϽܺͿ֣ϸһģˡë鷿ĳСӰңë㿴һۡձڵӹײƬӡëǹƬ

ëͷԺ˼·Ҳݡ



ƪ һ--һ



ĻʼԺëԵСƽΪӦáһûнСƽͬһй˽ʮȫϣ汻ֱ롢ŽСƽëͬ֡˵Сƽĵë˵Сƽ˲ѵã˼ǿǣë˵ҵúܡ

ɴ˿ԿëڵСƽִабᣬʹΪá

һ߶һ³Ԫ˧׷ϣԤепܸʱëҶ̸Ҷ͸֪Ҫζ̬ڳ׷ϣëԳķ˵Сƽ治ͬڲìܣɴ˸˵ĸ»

ܶİ֢ǴʹСƽԭ֮һһԭǣֱξսӡʱԽࡢŴšġҦԪΪһܶҶӢΪһòɿ˫ֱ¼Ŀμ

ֱܶǼڹϾҪУĻеļࡢŴŵһǼңǡسëڴֽ֧ࡣһ߶ʮʮգëһ̸˵ֱǼң壬ѣıƣѵѹ

ëһ߶Žܶ潻ȨƺͶԶˡƺǸɡһ߶գë⽻²ۣС͡˵ĶƱرë˵ȥйҡͬʮ£ëٶܶעһ¼ֱܶġ󡱣پãȷиơӴ˽˲ֱ֮ܶˡףӣֽ֡סܣܣָΪܹʵָܶಢ˵ܶǡִ塱

ܶΣ衣ܶճԺ󣬳ȥëӼΪԺ󣬲ŵó˻㱨ʾƽëڽȵΧ֮£õëָʾ֧֣мѹءͨ⽻ءëӳëȻƶëĽӴԱٵöࡣ˫Ҫѷһˡ

һʮգë飬ξ־ָСƽĵ֯͹Ժְ񣬵𽥻صȨģëһĸбɵϸɲְһ¶ʮٿйʮȫᣨʮڼ䣬һһֻëĽûע⵽˻塣

ڿڼ䣬ǽ˴׼ëȱ֢״ʮԡĳڣװƵƿΪʹëõϢҡһһʹõϯ̨ϣֲܱһһĵڣװĹ豸ùܵһһϯ̨ϯ̨Ļǻ˼վ

ڿĻʽ죬ɢʱȫվƣëɹëǲѭ˳ܼܶô졣ǽ飬˵ϯҪĿʹ˳ٻȥȴȫ˳ǲŲëصһһȻ֪ëѻز

ֱҲ쵼ѷشתơ󣬴ίԱίԱйȻĻ췴ҵǡϸิ١

й븱ϯֻĺͿλԭĸСԱλϯܶҶӢԾۣʮ󣬽˰ﲢûռݶơëû̫Ȩơ

ëԼδµһʮʮм侭ʮաʮաʮգʮһգëٿξֻ飬˴˾ԱԵЩ˾Աڵط˺ܾáĸڼֱ쵼£ȨǡëĽپкܴӰ졣

ëĽȫĹѡ£ë˵һһط˲Сˣˡ˺üˣҪ˾Ա

ξҪίҪҪҪ

һλ˧еСƽ֪ͨξίԱίίԱξǹȫģѧϱСξһɡ㲻Ҫ壬͵ܲıɡ

һλܲıһЩǰ±ȽϹϡһ߿ǵ˾ˡξˣһġ



㣨ָ˼е㡣仰иգ롣һ㣬ڲǸ˾ȥȱ㣬ظһġ

һԴ̣Ҫʹ´ңйܳԷҲ˯Ҫӭ׼̣սս

˼ҵĵǧһⵯͰѱˡҹǲ򱱾ձѡСУһ㵺һ顣Ĵ򡣡

̴ͿԷ˭Ըģ˭ǹˣϣԼʵ۵ġ

ͬ˲Сʱʵֻһ仰ıҪһ̫ƽ󽢶ӣŷޣж

ָϵиʲôĻдϣǸפٴ̸ǵҪһҪ³ʱҪϴ󣬴Ӳ˹ػ鿪ʼ

Ҫɱˣ֤ݣҪɱ󣬸˾ͺá

ŽҪıơҪؼɣҪӶҪԵ۹塢ͷɡҪԭ򣬵Ҫԡ

˹ػָһ£ǵĲ˹ؾеҹ͹˵ϣ³ͷй

Сƽ̨ëս˥ûвμӲμκλ顣غëԱëξƣë֮ܶļë˵Ļ󣬵ȨδԼ

СƽЭԺ󣬽˰ӽǶܶΧˡһոտʼͽһס˶һʮգë׼йתѡġֱ֮ȫѧϰһļһ¶ʮպͶʮգڱֱٿӺйֱصġסᡣ

ҽë岻ã뿪ûȥμӡ

˸ңҪҦԪн廰ɳȺл˽ĻҩŨìͷֱܶʹϣɣɲ˵ǣܻͷͬ־ѧϰ˵λῪץˡ

˵ǸС

ġס˶δγԴһľһ˶һ˶һһডĸݣԩ鲼ëսֱҲͼװ壬ѱȨйʵǸƣˣҲᷳˡ

˽⵽Щ˶ֻǳĸ߼ȨһϵҲûСס˶ֻǽɿһЩˣıܶȡȨȨȨҶӦ¡˶Ǹʧܡ

ëԽҲЩʱϡֻһһ¶ʮգëԺ󣬸˵Щȥ̸ͬģкЩִУ棿ڣǲоزʮһˣҲ¡Ȩˣô죿ҲǸ²ۣС͵ˡ㿼ǡ

ҵʱȫȫͶעëļϣϾ˼ЩζëĽѸٶ񻯡

ע

Сƽһ·رµһι¶档һίԱʽָ˵ְλʮΪξίԱ;ίԱίԱһһʮȫʽͨ˵ͨΪξֵί͵ϯ

ЩϢԴָ˾Աǵ˵⡣˵ëټĺ͵Сƽëǣ˻ôش𣺡Խ׼Ϊ٣ҡ

˻ش𣺡´ңս



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һ£ǵ֪ëϵʱղˡ

һԺë۵½ֱֻܷڰָǰˡ˵ͷƺת飬ʹ൱ˣҲڽʲô쾭ţڴٱ£ȣرҲ࣬ƵļСȼή

ë飬ëͬټۿƣҲڿơ˵ĴҽѧԺԭЭʹѧҽѧԺۿƺãܺð죬ֻҪϼ飬ҽԡͨӳɶĴҽѧԺĴʡҽԺҽǶλ󣬶סҽԺ

ڼ䣬ëȼڿơɽžҽԺڿλƿάͱҽԺڿµ¼顣ëʲôǳһ˵Ҫۣë档ëԺдһ档

ͬǻصҽԺԺǶëĲܲð졣ڼǰɭ֢йСз硣ǼԺǹͬΪֺ˶Ԫmotorneurondisease֮Ϊή֢amyotrophiclateralsclerosisҲǴͼڣ׺ʡࡢ֡˶ϸ𽥱ΪȷϣϺһҽԺڿͬо

Ժ󣬻ơλǵļšͬ˶ԪһϡйУֲ˼٣ŵٴѾʮֲֻ꣬ˡ

ţֲԤΡ˵ΪԼľޣڹױϵͳƣֲַʡ˶ϸֻܻꡣ

ëҲ̱ĿǰĲѵǰ׶ΡΪʡ̱ʣʳ㰲װθܣԱ֤ҪˮӪѣʳˮܶڻڣβȾ׶Σ޷ʣܺĺĤ߼伡ԣ޷ֲûκЧķֻ΢˵װθֹܿʳڻڡɰ˺˵κλҪע⣬ˤ¹ۡ

Щʹҡࡢ񶫶סˡʱôëдֱˡһּĲһҽŪͨ׵ԣ˵ںʣʹҽ쵼ܹסҪǣθë˵ֻٻꡣ

򽭶˱ֻǲ֣ͽ˰Сʱ˵λúʣȫˡô˵Ҳûô˵ôһֲأԤֻ꣬š˵ڻܳܺȣôֻٻꣿ

ڽûа취ʱ˵ǲ˰죬ôһôأҪ취

ڶҶӢǴϵͳĹͼԺͼģͣͬʱҲģ͡ҶʵʮϸŹͼģͣܿ˽˲顣

ҶҽһʮΣҲ󲿷ֵ쵼˽ǵĽ˵˵۾ǰϣΡб۲βãǿΣա˶ԪǴˡڼ飬רֲĲˣܽȽϺõƷ

һ죬ܶ没顣Ҳ֪ܿ˲ʺԤ󲻺á

ʱҲãڵë׼ݻԱÿҪųһѪҽҲΪȥˡԭëлǰͬгûëͬ⣬ܲҿʱѪѾԣûë档ǵӱһԱСë˵ȡëͬ⡣

СҲҽһԱΪҽûСҽרŻˡɣѪڼ飬˽ñȽë˵ԺëͬˡһһסҽԺ

ܶëܹġŦԼйפϹռⲡ֢ư취˵Ҳûа취˵˵Ǿ֢ˡ

ǶĬ˵ǻץʱ䣬оЩ취κãҲҪ뷨ӳ

һʮգҵҽԺҽһİ취һڿƺڿƶƺͼȷһ˱ͬҽԺԺͶǺμӽԣرǺԺӦʩҽǶͬϰװθܡ

رǿĿǰķΧ漰ƺʡࡢ֫˶ϸһܺ˶ϸܵ̾ͻֹͣΣˡ

ҽ鿪ͬʱξֻҲھСԺ֪ϣëġŴšࡢҦԪĸ˸СɡҲǡ˰һʵԴ

ξֻʱȫƶƺͼȷҫͻȻ֪ͨëҪӲ죬׼ãСʱԺ˵ֻͬҡࡢ񶫺λɶۿҽһͬСڿҽԭҽԺ

סˡëʱΣоƵİ취δϣҽҲд棬δδеĽ״ëҪ˭ҲֹˡרӦСǰҪĲڿƷģڿҽӦȥǺҽҲӦȥҲҪڿҽĺܲܣԷëѣ

ҸŷѾϸ㡣

˵ˣ˵ˣֹͣо˭ȥ˭ȥѾˡҪҲûáͰ쵼ϵľȥִС

ҿٽ棬֪ͨͺ񶫣óǽλۿҽװϱҪۿƼߣһͬ

ͬëרǰ人

人һס£֢״ԡëĺʲԼأѣѾȫιֻбԲʳʳܡЩʳܣסëβϼκҽÿõëתëҲëҪëҽơ

ë˵ʲôҲϡ

дһϸ棬Ĳͼ˵ҫʽëûָ˶ԪԤΣйҽٸ˵˾֢

ҽŶĽǻ̲˵һ˿ϣҲӳûҽԸëϯ˵˾֢ҵĹӳë

ëʮֲˡ˵ҽֻڰ棬档ŻˣҲŻѣ˺áëΪûдë뵽һ괺죬人ף˵ֲͬͣͬëšֻͬۿƼ顣

ëۿҽ˵Ц̬Ⱥܿ˵ûö

ۿҽë˰ϡ

ëǣ˰ϣûбĲ˰ɡǻشҪѾǵˮܿ۵סĤûвëԺ󣬴󲻸ˡλҽ˳ȥԺ˵ߣҽûʲô⡣ӴԺëٽǼ飬Ҳˡ

ǡһë״ҵøȫͳշתߣʳζԾëľëȴΪӹǡָ˽人ǰҺҫ˵ĻҪһλʦҽҽ飬ԷëйΡͬҵɺʡί人ҽѧԺԭϺͬôѧҽѧԺһԶǺơƺҽΪļ顣人ԺҲûмëһ档

ܶ˶ëˡ人ʱëӼ˷ɱͳ˵ķ죬ͬغҲˡǷëڳݲ壬ˮǺܺáҸǣëѾز˵񰡡˵ϯǸˣôһֲ

ë人ڼ䣬ڱڴģȫܶȨմԱΪ졣ϿʼӴ졣Ϊ˼˷ˣرˡʵ۷̫͡Ь״ѿˡԼҲûдëûдֹҲö֪غңЩǶͬë˵ˣëû֪ëͬо

ע

йŬռԼή֢ϣûҽë顣



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һ£뿪人˳ɳ

ëҪӾǿ塣˵ܻãòż飬ҲòΣ人Ǵ˵Ӿκõġ

ǼĿֻţΪʼԣǺˮ֡ȱһǺˮƲס֫壬ǺΣյġ

ëһԸ񣬾Ҫһ£ǰ첻ɣ˭ҪĻƢҰøӼһ˶֪ëԸ˵ȰãһȰ׼ֻ׼þȻߡ

ëʼӾӾҽˮ׼ʱȡëˮʱ䲻ΪֻҪͷûˮԺ̿Ǻֹ͵ͨ죬ˮľëڳɳΣһԺëûŶˡ

СƽʱҲɳë˻رξֱë׳ëϯӾ

Ӿëˣ󲿷ʱ䶼ڴϡΪɵʱ䳤ֻ²ԣͻѡ߹͹ĹƤѹˣ촯ÿÿһˣһЩ촯ֱëȥʱûʧëʼ԰ҩȫƤɦмǻ˰ҩֲЩҩƤײˡ

ڳɳڼ䣬ëϼҽҽҲֻΡܶëҽĵˡܵİװз˵ڶ

ëΪ֤˵˵ܿһҪڻֿڶΣҿеΡĴΡغղֹ˵ϰвϣϾͺˡϲõĲҲβá

ξƽ֡һһ¼ٿʮһȫ͵Ľȫᡣнµ²áξֳίͨСƽεһίϯܲıξֳί˴ԣҪĳȫḱίԱ뿪ĻԽɶ˴ëѰë֧֡

Ĵһ˵ɳëҪҵ򻼷ΰְӹеĹշļëʧֻŶļë

ëĻ桪ŴʱҲʽΪëĻҪ顣˲ԸⷢĶ֧֡ʱھ档˵ëߣźëҪëļ̫ˣӦ˸ϴ·ëĸŰŵʮŭë˵˭Ҫҵ͸ҹֻܻر

ʮ¶գغɳܶίУëҪ̸֡¼ԭĻǰëͬ⣬Ϊ˷չԶ֣ܶĻϣΪҪʵЩ֡֡һϺװɡָǡ塱ܶѻصξֵĵСƽֲ֧ܶ£ֱë̬֧ܶ͵Сƽֻա

ʽĽᣬܡֳͬﱸʹ°šʮ¶ʮգܶˣΪĸ׼ë棬ȡëľʱΪëĻҪ顣ŶܱԹ㿴ʲô¶Ҫҹܡϯĳԡȡ˯Ҫ͹ܡҲܹܡʱŪܺΡ

һһ£ʮȫͨСƽΪй븱ϯξֳίԺ󣬵ĽȫͬΪίԱܶιԺСƽγëֵ˵ҪЭܴ볣

ܵİ֢ʹ˵ĸ̨ΪҪ֮١ίԱ᳣

һδܵóѡ



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ëڳɳδμӱĻ顣ҲûлȥñֵôףξֻûӲμӡ

رڳɳáǵֲ㣬һͻ䣬ҪȣѽСҽһоƶһƼȷ

񶫡һ³صǵҽּžҽԺǺƽΡҽԺܹԣΡƸտΣԼЭҽԺƤмԬׯҽˡԺλͬȥ˳ɳ

ڱʼλ߼쵼򱨡ҵҶӢϣѰ쵼˵ĺëϽƣǼξֵİһ棬Ҳξ˽ëĲ顣ҶԪʦġһᣬ̸ѸëҽƱʮһ֮áȻҽϸҲ˵ëθܣñǣʳڣס

ҶӢһֱҡڼҸˡҫʵĹϵҲáҽëĲˡҫʽ˺ܾãһ˵ģ͡ͼ˵Ҳǰ״

Դë֢֮ԺҫʸһжΣЩļϵӡһǿֲҽֻܾ

ҶĻʹҵľѹΪᡣҶ˵ëƢ²θܡҶҲңҪʹֽȨҶǵýëһ߶겡ʱǳ־硣ԿٶһΡҶҪҲҪģӦڽʱҽΧ

ҳһȫһЩһصҽԺʼﱸ

һһ¶ʮգȥҽԺ¥̽ܶܵĲֶˡȥʮȥɳǰҽĴǱѪʱΪ˽Ľ⣬ûиһʮսйлִ·ʻȥʱҽֻн᳦׼᳦顣

񳣬ɫ԰סԸڴϡҼʱɳϣɽܽͣΪڼƣӰϢԻرڶûܹҲȥܹë

ʱë뿪ɳǰݡҽһëȥݡҺԱǰݡҲڼ䣬ëͬ顣

Ҳͱҽ۹ëĲ顣ëİϺơǣ˶Ԫо취ûСܻԽǲ֢֮Ҹʵûʲôð취Ҳûа취

˵ҽ

ҸܣëҽʹˣҩҲʲȥѾܺˮһȾǺֻܺϡĳ

ܳĬһᣬȻ˵ϯϯʺá

ڶ죬Ҵʮʿʮҽ뿪ࡢλڿҽλۿҽλ˹ҽλҽǺƺҽѾںݡ

ëɡԭܹ涨׳мƣҽֻ˽ʹƵļĿƵҵĹǷ𱨸棬һư취涨ǷǳģΪҽƱһ壬֮以ౣܣͲܵõȫжϣرëѾһϵͳĳһϵͳĳһвԻͻ˴ʧˣҽϵʧ󡣾ͬ⣬οԸƷֱ飬ȻͬȫĺǺҽм飬ڿơڿƺۿƵļ顣ĵͼԣȡزİ˹Ƭİ˹ƬжǷļУǱʾ˥ߵΣա

ۺμĽë˶Ԫ۰ϡĲĲεײײδݡβ촯ѪҺе͡ʱëеգԺҪθܽбǣҩҲ㡣

ۺ˴ҵëд棬˵ƶԲߡʮд꣬ҫʡҫʸë档Ϊʱëȫʧһб涼ɱ˶

ʮ賿ʱ룬ҫʰҽѣҪҺҽԱȥ˿ᡣմëּ⡣Ƿ׷׸ϵĺ¥Ϻҫ˵ղţȥˡ˵ҽЩ취áѾͬëϯˣҪҺİ취ΡҺǺܺõĲҩӪơ̾䡣

ĸڼ䣬߼쵼ʤҺǣսʿѪΪҩ˵׳ӵѪҺ㰲˾ѪѪ˵Щ㽨ëá

Щ˵ôݣûһ˱ʾ̬ȡһ޳ɲ޳ɡ˵ֻҪ޳ɣͺð졣

ָѹ£ʵ˭˭Ҳұʾ˵޳ɡʵҡ

޿̣˵ҺһֺõƷرڼʱҪڵĲҺܽġοǵҺҺƿϰ취ܷʽģҺҺӦĲ١һһֲǱҪƷҵķӦҽϵ¹ʡʱ˵ҽķҽġôùȥҾò

ҫʴΪ˵ë˱ܲˡëͬİ취

Ҫô죿

Һҫʺˡ˵ҽƷһᱻܡҽ⣬Ҷ˵ַҪô׽ܡҽ潻㣬˵̸̸ͬ˵Ʒ˵ҪˣͿˡΪҽҪ

ˡ˵ôһ˲ͬˣһҪģ֯ĻǣҪ鹡

¸֯ϸϵҽѧϵľ⣬ר֪ʶˡҫʻܾġǿëϯ˵вֻҽġ

˫ֲ¡Ҹëд棬ΪֻһҺëдһ档ҫʽëҺˡ

ҴΣû˸ҵҲֱӼëҹϱҫʡ˺ϣǷëҽƹϵţëĲֻԽӶ񻯡ܾ᲻Ժôйҳ⣬ҽøȫҽҲ硣޳ҵţõˣԺĹȥˡ

⻹εءһҪҴɷһֱûдɡ

ջ̻̣ڵϡһ߶꽭˵һиš鲢ûᡣϲСĽ¿ͶʱٿĪ档

˵˳ҽ飬ˡֱҪˡ

㵣ġ

ȻǺ⣬ҽԭ򣬶ҽ¹ʣҽ鳤жأëĲǲ֢֮𽥼أѶúܡ

˵Ҳûôס鳤˳˲ֻҪǰҽԭ£⡣

Һ˽ȥ̸ʱ̬Ѿ侲ҲΪҺҽ͡˵Һ£ҲӦòμӣӦҽۡçײˡҲ̫ûеԡˣ˴ڣֻº񶫡ǺҽҽҽҽʿȻرϸ۸ƵƷ۾İϣξΡҪ嶼İϲ˶飬Щд棬ϯ֪ô¾ΡĲεĲԶ෽룬˵һ취ûС

˵Ҫξʽ㱨һΡ쵼УֻܶҶӢëĲ˽ñȽǰӱֽϻë棬ȡйξίԱΪëûвһ£Ժ£Ͳðˡ

Բ鷳ëĲӲʣ˵Ǹȫ

˵ǲ⣬һëϯȥΨʣȻ򷴸

˵ϯĲûв֣ܶҶӢڹܡǵΡҪξֻ㱨ҪξִҸ

°ڻرķɻϣҵĲշȥǲˡ

˵ûбҪǨˡǶҶǺġ

˺ܲˣ˵Щ˵ϯߣʲô취ϯ˵˵ʲôΪһֱߣ˱ˣ˵Щʲô

ֲܳҫȫΪֻöëϯĻ

صԺ뿪һ顣



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һʮãҽξֻ㱨ëĲ飬μĽ

ڻ㱨ǰһҵҽԺȥܶҽθëĽΪҺⷢ۸ܡΪҽ׼᳦飬ȰҪμӻ㱨ˡ

ܳ˼һ˵ǲμӵĺáҽһξֻ㱨Ӧþܲμӡͬ־ǿҪһЩ⣬Ӧгֵ׼Һ¾ͲҪˣӸˡ

ҽ鵽õʱѾʮӡξڿᡣһᣬ߳׼Σ˵Ƚ齲ིͷ༲۶ƣƿά˶Ԫ¥۵İƣ½˹ƬƬĲ֡ǶԤģͺ͹ͼ˵

ۺϽƵƲ衣

˵ǴģˣСƽϯǵһϯĲ顣Ķ䲻ãһ˵ߴң˵Ҫ󡣡

½˻᳡ܶСƽҶӢλϣξίԱΧԡǵϡǺԷ٣

ѾܶˣĻ㱨ѣ鷳Ծ˶Ԫģͺ͹ͼҲʹ󲿷ֵξίԱö

˵˵ټôϯôֲʲô֤ϯõֲ

ƿάΪ˻ش⣬˲СʱȻô˭Ҳûа취شֻ˵ĲûоԲ֪Ϊʲôֲ

ƽ˿ܷΣգǺԡöֲƽͺʱ֮УŹ˵߼伡ҦԪ˵ϯ̫ˡ

ҦԪĻԺ󣬻ƿάˣĻͰ˵ȥҶܽţ᳡ʱ

ʱܶ˵Ǹϯ飬ϸȫ档ҲȷǸлǡһƴôأ

˵ƵķͲ裺ժ֮ǰԤȽһЩоһۣ˵θñǵҪʱ˵θñǣ֪취ʹúܡⲻĥϯ𣿡

Сƽ˵ͬ־йʮԪʦ֮һһֱñǡϯͬ

˵ûͬ⡣

Сƽ˵ϯǿãȰͬˣ˶Ԫûкõİ취ˡٶоܲЩαķܹʹչһЩҲãϵժҪ׼ãĲ鶼Ҫ˼ȥֻ۾Ҫע˶Ԫ⡣Ǿһ취ƣҪʲôҩƷģͬ־ȥ졣лǡ

ܶ˵лǡСƽ˵һΣлǡǱ˳ξίԱ޷ӦǱֳĬΪë¸

ʱȥҺܸˣ뽭ǵָգƺһ

׳ʱõˣﶼףָлĻξֻ˵ȴû˿ϵԼģͷֻһûĿջ

𣬽ࡢŴźҦԪԵСƽϸɲġ塱˶ʱҦԪˡֱ뷴ŵΪڡҪΣǾ塱ҦƪйڵĳϸɲǾ󲿷ũĻˮƽߣûж˼֪ʶξḻϵԱǵʵۺ񣬵¸ءࡢŴšҦҦνĵ֪ʶӣ֪ʶˮƽϸߣ㡣һµĽȫ󣬽ûκʵȨְλ塱˶ʵĸڼܺɲƽְϸɲϵȨԽĿ꣬ȻҪܶСƽһϸɲ

ë֪ĶȨͼֹëʾᷨӦᷴ壬Ծ壬߶˼УģҪֻһŹһҵ涮У壩ĲࡣЩΪˣʵ󶮣Ϊǣ˵ѵˣҲǲУ壩һֱ֡

ëνΪǵĽ壬ľǽһˡ

ëξֻֽëĻȻ󽻸Աתξֻ֣޾壬޽壬ʮ˸ͳΣ֮ãŹʵģŻй޳ɵľҪҪ壬Ҫ壬ҪŽᣬҪѣҪ󣬲Ҫıơ

Ҫ㡮˰ǲҪˣΪʲôѽҿˣԼǾ塭

Сƽëξֻ飬Խ˽˼ĸ˶֣Ǹһ䡣εСƽƺռϷ硣

ʱͬ˵˺֣ʲô˴˻ᣬ׷ʹ򣬽ĸ˰⵹أ

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ëˣд˵ŻëҪǹë˵ҵƢáƢãҡ

λ졢նλԺ󣬲ȻԱ˵ЩҲҪͬҽȥʲô˼

ëϸѯβľǾ˵ͲͬʾëĲλ쵼˵ĲȫһǾΡëҪǼҽ飬ȥš

ҽλҽ˵ҽ˲żüãѾԿҽԺˡˣҲá

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ܿ죬עҩɣһʮӡۣԺۡ

пڻָܿ죬ʮԺȥ˸۵ķϡսҿϵʱëʮָˣ˵ּˡǿ

֮ҽëͣˮοˣͫȱһ͹Ҫ۾ܿ塣ëͬ۾ǲ⡣ֻ˺öั۾顣

˺ëԼļˡ֮ͻ䡣

ԭʮѮҪ۵ΰʱġ塱˶תΪռϷ磬͸ëԶ¡ﲻë˵˵Ļۼˣǳġͬ˵ڽŵúܡĸҪ⵹˸ϯϯô¾ģЩҽǧҪأҪʲôµĽ顣ϯһǿɲҪײϡ

ЩֲʵҽҽǣΪǡڲĺĻܡ

ֻͬ˵ëæȰĿǰȥµĽ顣

ҽǷǳ棬رۿҽҷ׷һƷ

ҽϣëⷢҽҽǣʱԭڵҽԺҪʱмСֻڿҽ񶫺λǺҽһҽһҽסӾظĹ¥ճԵչˡסֱдνһơ

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ҫִ˵ҽֻҩԼȴԡ

ࡢջֶ˵ʹڱҽԺƸ߼ɲҲûй̵Ҫ백ᣬѵҲҪҽԼһ²ɡ

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ܵİ֢ҲǺġԭģһ֮ɢ𴦡

ҵܵĲѾƣҸܣë̽ʰ

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ûнʱëȫ˶ԪûµƷûлش⡣

˵ǲˣҪúչϯ

ٱʱֵûˡҼܵһ棬ʮһ¶ʮհʱ

һһ°գܶҽԺȥϢӾں޶

ҽܶҽǰܿϣҽԺܵҽҵҪҫʡŵĻشǣһҽԺȥɴ

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ҺһԽǳȡëһУʾ˼·Ժѡ

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ңҽԺͨó˶ﻯѧ

ǶһЩȴƾЩжϡ



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һʮһգҺջӾֵ࣬ҽĻʿžճë෢˴ȫ١ʼʱﲻü飬ëļּ顣

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˵ϯʹˣزź˼Ҫ

죬ܲͷĴչ˵СţúźϯǸл㡣

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λξίԱȻ˵ȥͬһҲϯһθܡ

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ͬǵȻ֪ͨһҲһԡ

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ܲ޳ɡȻӰëӰĹ̫ǿ̼۾ӳˣܲáǲҪ˰ɡ

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һش˵ҽǶŲҪʱʮֲˡǲɢ

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¶ʮգëﲻһ컻ȥһб仯

ͬջҽë࣬ĵ໤ʾļѪءҪëְ˵ҿϯͬƽ࣬ʲô⡣ǸСģᷢļŤͷˣ˵ҿûذɡ

ߵӣëѾҩҪ˯ʱ򣬻ջûжãëɳϡ˴Լʮӣëֻص˯ʱڵĵ໤ʾļ

պֳԷȡʱ桢ġŴš˷׷׸

ļķΧϴҪ㷺賿ĵӣѪѹʼȶҲ𽥰ʱǹܰźˡëûнγ

ʿֲ㣬ҽԺֵһһ˶ʮʿֳ~ֻ

ҽҽǷֳ࣬ÿˡҽĵͼ໤

ĸ˾ӾֵࡣŴһֵͬ࣬ʮʱҹʮʱĺֵҹ࣬ҹʮʱʮʱÿ缰ҹʮʱǽӰʱұʮСʱڵĲҪ⡣

ӵ̨Ϻź½סëҲѯëĲ顣

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ʱӾвҩƷġҫͬ˵Ӧҽ𱣹ܡҲͬ⣬ΪҽʹҩƷģԼܣԺʲô⣬ѲΡ

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У˵Ѿйļˣôأҽ˵أԺβˣûΡϯ˵еףһǺõġҲûйಡ˵ô£Լ˼òáҽʲ׼үʿʲ׼С㡣ϯ˵ҽĻ֮һ

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˵ǺŬְܾҺġšͬ־ĸֵ࣬˽ǵĹƽȥˡŬһӶ෽桢ֿܷоΰ취Ƕҽֻǡһϯκãлǡ

ɢԺ󣬴ҷ׷СۣĻ㱨ʲôãȻĽ˼ǸҹǽЩȫҽ鵱ɡɡ

ʷʱġҽıɱӰѹǵͷϡ

ֵҹʱҽҵĹǸ˵ڽŵúܣξֻǸٿȫƻ飬ϺͷΧͬ־ѾѰúˡ㿴ϯûлָڰѽɵ[sjtxt.om]ô죿

˵ϯɽѡϯûкͿҲܼˡûͬ⣬ôܽȥأֻȵϯԺ󣬲ܽࡣ

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˵ǿɲá

˵ͬͬ־˵Ū࣬һܾˡ˵ܵϣҲҪץ

ʱĽˡͬк˵һëͻصë鷿ʱѸĳ˲

ëڻָΪѾ˱ǹܣԷܿڷҩɱǹ롣¶ʮ賿ʱһص¥ΪƣͲ¾˯ˡͻȻ¥ҡĿһƬ⡣סڹ¥ҽͻʿ׷ܵԺڵ½ȥЩʵ̫ˣԤ˯ȥ

ʱߵĵ绰ˣġ˵ôĵǻ



ҽеҽԱӾء

žաʫϽƺʱëʱëĴݿ죬ֵҽͻʿŻˡΪӾľ壬𶯵øеĵطѾʱëû˯š֪Ƿ˵

˺һҪëӾءᵽ԰·ȥһ߶ëԺܶëǵıëϲ԰ûס

ᵽȥë˵ӾݶʵҪ䡣ͬˡԴë˯ԺƵϽܹĴĽŶӣᶯסܿƵһܴķӾص鷿öˡ

ƺͼŵúƺͼӷˡ

˴꣬һεڶⶰڣûκθо

ëĲȶĿʼסˣ˵Ѿëһ̨ʽӻԽӰͶ䵽һĻϡ˵۽˼ӰƬëһЩԺ󣬸ëӳ˺󣬼ÿҪӳһӰƬкöΣʱҫҲ֪ͬﵽȥ¼ƬӡʱͻȻʱӰ¼ճ

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Ӱȷظ浽ҽԱҵдǰëõѹӳ߰ȥӰ豸ҵҫʡҫ˵ҪҽʿЩ˲ҽһ쵽ҲСҽװ壬Ժ°壬Ϳˡ

Ҳר鷳ÿëһЩСƽĽҷϣֵҽдɺڵ֣һƪƪëֵͬҽ࣬ҪϷ仯ܷġ˵ϯƽϣкô

ҽ¸˻ˣϣֹܳҲûа취

֪ëࡢࡢϵͳвһҪǷ壬ȷûЩͬ˵ҽֵʮ࣬ѳʱ䣬ҽϡͬ˵ҽԼɫҽͻʿ

ҽǸ壬úܡ

Ѯë˽ﲻֻԣܺȽֺͨͽȴͣذڶĵͼ໤ʾӡо󣬵ҩҩ

Ȼʱ⣬Ǻܲȶ

¶ʱµļ߰˹շʾθȾءͬʱʮСʱȫͶơ

ëͷȻѡңûΣաҸЩһκáȻô˵εļϴηΧ󣬶ȫ״Ѿٽ˥ˡ

գ绰Ӵկ߻رһ£˵̫ƣͣͻصźիסûѯëҽ˶о֣ʲôԴëأҽЩˡ˵ⲻ֡Ϊ谭ȡȨˣϯ

գëѽ봹Σ״̬ʱëո˯ҽȰ裬ë֫ˬֵۣ໤ʿ˵ҪëȻÿһҽͻʿ֣˵Ӧˡ

ϣļΪУļһʱûҵַƢ˵͵ˡ

°賿ˣ˵ëһλɵ̫ˣҪëֵķҽͬ⡣һҪë෭Ҳࡣëȫϣͣ٣ǴֱֳԺ󣬲Ż⡣߽Ҫҽļȹ

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鳤ʱ칫ںʱҲסãҺǨϺ󣬱㲻׸ܵÿ̨ͨжҲҡ

ңԴëȥԺ󣬽μξֻ飬Ҷ̬ȴ䡣˵ȥһ᳡ҶվֻҪһ̰һ˽û˸ڷڲͬˣ᳡ûվкȻԽ̸ļֻԼҸλҪԣûģҷ׷׽ͬȥͬˡ

ҵĴԺΣա֪ûаܰ屣ëԶ˫˫ʾǲ¡Ҫڱϴ¡˾ý뽫¼޻ڻ档ҪǸ㲻ãɻԲ˶ߡ

屣鸱鳤ȻҲɶҴӹ鳤ͽӽ˼ǰ׵壬δء

׷Ժ󣬾¶ʮҹʮʱͶʮʱൽ¥ҽȫԱ˵Ҫ֯ѧëѡ˵սԺëҪдģֻûд֡

˵Ƕ֪ѧɡ̨СݣӰãǲ̸ֻͬһ֪ĵС̸ӻʲô˼˼׼š壬а취ǡҲҵİ취

ʮҹȥˣ˽Щ

˵ڽĸ˻úϺѾǹȺ廪ѧ֯ʦȺëԶ¹úܽ˱棬ëԶ߻װʦЩǽ˵ģİ취Ҫˡ

ʲôԲߡ˵Ѿͬ棩ϯ˵ڲֲˡ

Ҷ˧գ쾯ţһӣϺˡʱҶ˧򱱾˾ҴкʦָӵģҪź;ʦҦԪľǴӱʦȥģ˴ҦжһҪоʦĺ

˵һ糣ʲôҪֻܾҡϯҶ˧֪ûи߱ˡҪСģ涼ס⣬㲻Ҫܣ»֪ͨ㡣

Ҳսͷսľ˵ľſϺεĹ׽ý˰ͬ׽

ҽҽʿʰң׼뿪¥˷׷Ҫϣͬ桢ġŴšһźӰһιļҽҵ飬绰˵顣ңͬҵĽ飬Ⱥ֪ͨ

Ҹӽšʮʮһӣܵ¥˵ôҿЩԷ󵽾ɽȥժƻҪϡëѡȥѧϰ

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ЩʮԡǽһѾ׼ãҪƹȨˡ

ǻصϺǰҪҵϺϹͬʱ绰֪ͨȥϺϹȻξֻᡣ

ӵ绰֪ͨ˵ҪᣬôȲ֪ͨʱ֪ͨҲû˵ʲô顣

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ͬҴкժ˼ƻȻ֪ͨҵȥѧϰһԷ

ѧϰëѡʱ˴绰ҡʮֲ˵˵Ѿճ̵İôûʿǻȥ

Ҹ˵ðɡ㰲ŻʿǻȥȫҽԺСûң棩ҪǱϯȥμ㱨ĻҺͺġͬ־ͬ־Ҳμӡ

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˵Ժ󣬽ſȥʱƺһᡣҽ˼Աûֻ߽ס

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ʮ㣬ҦԪδáɾŻͬʦˣҦļｫҦ

ҫʴһжӵ˵źã˽ࡣ൱ʱ˵ϵ˻ôһ졣

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ҽһ׸ëйڳ޲ߡðʹʮԵд飬Ϊ˼һ빲İ浣Ҳ׸ϧɵĶߡ

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㡷¼1980귴˼ĸĽƬ䶷ǹѧ²ǥиĶӡȸŮʬбϾɱأ
ed2k://|file|㡷¼.rm|158372007|A62665F542B576CF485E0DCF406C9B57|h=WHLXUZGX6ODSIGXBTRHN4A5QHYTDAG4N|/
ˡʷģξ߳ίֻнִѹֹȵȣأ
ed2k://|file|.mpg|774972660|4F5FEC377049EAF35EC2040344D58DAB|/
ۼߡΪһƵأ
ed2k://|file|ۼ.asx|10526179|BD9059027A23B29F8123E07B0095EEC0|h=SJF6NZBVSVKXS2LKNRX26WK5NBJEGPFV|/
йڶۣأ
ed2k://|file|йڶ.ram|25493478|AA92FF071BF92838CDB918F20EC83875|h=CILOGE4JG6XFYVKIOLOYPGPSMSVSDY6G|/
¼ұCNNר̸ġأ
ed2k://|file|¼ұCNNר.mp4|47544929|43BD22A40D2DE38225DB7F1CAE4447DD|h=HCQKPDEL3NXBC6QF73O4C2O7UPSJ5A7U|/
ϺĻأ
ed2k://|file|ϺĻ.rm|57737216|72B13CD83B499E8282D183A45A271967|h=HDB2XZK3F2QAH3FOH5HJOXZGAVQGR2QE|/

ĸЩ¶1ĵ.aviأ
ed2k://|file|1ĵ.avi|264773224|DAB3C0544CA7951BD1E65E75DF9CACA3|h=2BUIX5PYYR5T7YG2ZNNAKMZKZ32DYCOT|/
ĸЩ¶1ĵ.ssaĻأ
ed2k://|file|1ĵ.ssa|31836|1201EFF757802A2F3AFF90D0BB9E24C2|h=NI7CSW5KKAILKEYAEJTEJNSCZCTLCOZD|/
ĸЩ¶2췴Ŀ.aviأ
ed2k://|file|2췴Ŀ.avi|347526000|9D8811BC21BA8293D68EA56612609533|h=VU6F6K5SOBRKZEYYPN7ADBNW3YBL772K|/
ĸЩ¶2췴Ŀ.ssaĻأ
ed2k://|file|2췴Ŀ.ssa|25360|17FDA9B18FC05447635A7AE91B6FA232|h=C6HXIGC3BJVOCASFZBTMJ27LLYR346FQ|/
ĸЩ¶3·-ƶ.aviأ
ed2k://|file|3·-ƶ.avi|284482914|69B69FF3A85D92576E5DB23CD765789B|h=32YAVCZU72JTIJ5P45N7HTB3NWH6KERB|/
ĸЩ¶3·-ƶ.ssaĻأ
ed2k://|file|3·-ƶ.ssa|21623|B185A6AB1F3142B489BCC746622559F0|h=VM34MYHWDEI2M5G6SH2A7U373OR5YQLV|/
ĸЩ¶4ĸ￪ŵ̥.avi أ
ed2k://|file|4ĸ￪ŵ̥.avi|268290782|C6DFC53A0FECD887D22047BF1BC4B0D2|h=KQHKZYEWQCUWCAOADAKTIIEPTKSI5ILE|/
ĸЩ¶4ĸ￪ŵ̥.ssaĻأ
ed2k://|file|4ĸ￪ŵ̥.ssa|22271|E23B22A612613CA42102C4DF61F9104D|h=M57JE7SPGKXKPTU77U6UGHVJZZOUMN2E|/

[й].ӣ.ˡ.aviأ
ed2k://|file|ӣ..avi|347918122|34D975AB497AF967E4A2095965CEBE08|h=MD74C54OZZM4TFRF4BKMH4H2L7W57IHJ|/
[й].ӣ.ˡ.ssaĻأ
ed2k://|file|ӣ..ssa|30128|AB438F040764B02EA3E9B35B2C7A4337|h=777OBWRVKBK5PNZORX3B77M4WKVOR3CU|/
[й].01.ְ.aviأ
ed2k://|file|01.ְ.avi|290934834|CF793B4F388AAE052C645DC2D02ED554|h=QILDWVOONL25UDF653U7L4AWTBYKQTB7|/
[й].01.ְ.ssaĻأ
ed2k://|file|01.ְ.ssa|45681|223218EF62273BA71CFED57537CDC260|h=OYMRJNTXSBFOYHBSFRV7HMQGFZMXRDZ3|/
[й].02.ൺԺĹ¡.aviأ
ed2k://|file|02.ൺԺĹ.avi|321856842|69908D458231400EF5E631499EDA82C4|h=ZX5NVO5322S6UUVJLOSCDEJRNHUL3QHY|/
[й].02.ൺԺĹ¡.srtĻأ
ed2k://|file|02.ൺԺĹ.srt|18445|FD904326E804838D1F0B85841A180ADB|h=CRQH2CH7DA3WSZRUJZKESYVWBR5Q47BG|/
[й].03.ˮΣ.mkvأ
ed2k://|file|03.ˮΣ.mkv|728124060|7B6B553271C550CC861893EBF445D686|h=GG3BHQLOL7DUOKHEPB5WDNQ3GM6532DL|/
[й].03.ˮΣ.srtĻأ
ed2k://|file|03.ˮΣ.srt|21046|AC694457E88EEC1994EC199427326970|h=3QHQYE25IYZ443ORAI5CGKWZSC3SDF5A|/
[й].04..عս.aviأ
ed2k://|file|04..عս.avi|355059152|DD3A6B6634AB36EEA7676DA899897D93|h=B2SGTUV6FFMEQJH5BIO6UXXMBU4RDGCD|/
[й].04..عս.ssaĻأ
ed2k://|file|04..عս.ssa|42403|577AC3E154F3810AB3CE4E4D47E1E62E|h=ON55SVYFK6ZTJV3KZHVHSLNBHXWXSZU6|/
[й].05..ʥѰ.mkvأ
ed2k://|file|05..ʥѰ.mkv|314382640|ABF69FFC2F7A67BF6E57BF4A5EB76C28|h=OGO5W7MG6IPVXPPSQUIZHJ4ZKWWPGYM7|/
[й].05..ʥѰ.ssaĻأ
ed2k://|file|05..ʥѰ.ssa|47515|2AA75E099B0B1D1BE1923324230CC67A|h=NXF3CUPCLHWYDX3JB7LWETNXKNMGILD3|/
[й].06.طɲʵ¼.aviأ
ed2k://|file|06.طɲʵ¼.avi|315361642|29FB774FAB1326A0AB577965743E46F7|h=UVPQAJQFPAGC5CDAE3VNXMYKGR5HQJXM|/
[й].06.طɲʵ¼.srtĻأ
ed2k://|file|06.طɲʵ¼.srt|19540|245CBEACD5416D19D9F1441231778949|h=VWFDPGSMYDOHQASRN2IWXIYYMQWYAT5W|/
[й].07.޹̱֮.mkvأ
ed2k://|file|07.޹̱֮.mkv|319266878|B947D2E61E08A3EF7F8C1771A90BDA18|h=UI46QZSBWZIXGAJOPOC35HC4NVVX66ZW|/
[й].07.޹̱֮.srtĻأ
ed2k://|file|07.޹̱֮.srt|32233|3B042999B755D8B99835173B2E241838|h=EEASKJMKNF2WFL7S23ZXCCMROHGUY6QI|/
[й].08.꼶1.Сʵ۵ᡷ.wmvأ
ed2k://|file|08.꼶1.Сʵ۵.wmv|459859103|44210958C55DF1944B45DCAAB1AE341D|h=XMCL3ZQY67OQRB5I43DT2F57KGMKPVWJ|/
[й].08.꼶1.Сʵ۵ᡷ.srtĻأ
ed2k://|file|08.꼶1.Сʵ۵.srt|15652|722812614351782BA413E53A4AE714F0|h=DJEAI37MZT2W4XRZJH7HQ7HUSVP7GVCX|/
[й].09.Ϻʦ塷.mkvأ
ed2k://|file|09.Ϻʦ.mkv|314688804|081DCDE4E2BC4EB1CDCB2F1184765024|h=FESWBM4CHBNRFYNLJGJQGUO4P2DAACIP|/
[й].09.Ϻʦ塷.srtĻأ
ed2k://|file|09.Ϻʦ.srt|19224|E8C1C2F2C9F37ED56C701B57BEC89592|h=7BLMALX3HT7TLQ2UHQF36HVP2E4D7SOL|/
[й].10.ŭС.άȨȳ.mkvأ
ed2k://|file|10.ŭС.mkv|317055380|2D83B3AACF14489006195BB6BA9D71BA|h=6RUOWC4U7CTBXZXXGYFUPMJKXL5AN4IV|/
[й].10.ŭС.άȨȳ.srtĻأ
ed2k://|file|10.ŭС.srt|19614|F0169F6748278710D5F99A831A3E2B99|h=QGSVOAGSNTCTVKABQD6NCOIXMHIELGUS|/
[й].11.˵ĳ.13˵ҽơ.aviأ
ed2k://|file|11.˵ĳ.avi|337910588|1B576638D83A2B3F2D47FC0238547C64|h=R2A7RUMBWPWJ7CL25LSAICMGGF3UFNOF|/
[й].11.˵ĳ.13˵ҽơ.srtĻأ
ed2k://|file|11.˵ĳ.srt|21954|978F5ACD4E41A7998818FCBC5101FA88|h=VDRXZJULSHQXZ6BN7WMSBOVUFFO3FW6I|/
[й].12.ջأ.ս.aviأ
ed2k://|file|12.ջأ.ս.avi|518841436|FB7FE120EB1D5B3480D5F89B2FE45990|h=IGZK36UZR34OC2DAUCPVOF5YKVTDVE6C|/
[й].12.ջأ.ս.srtĻأ
ed2k://|file|12.ջأ.ս.srt|27280|A182170917E01176473CC37DDB4561E8|h=L2H4SVYVR6LTYKOHXPNEBVHHNSBMUK7S|/

Ѳݽ_˭й_1_רƸ빲͸ أ
ed2k://|file|˭й-1-רƸ빲͸.rm|143563976|747038A4DE7FA26F0C814D7638C5B50B|/
Ѳݽ_˭й_2_⻼򹲺 أ
ed2k://|file|˭й-2-⻼򹲺.rm|163995885|75306C88879D61354A5D644069ACA262|/
Ѳݽ_˭й_3_սٿ أ
ed2k://|file|˭й-3-սٿ.rm|222582999|506DA8146B0850F580976C91B8D26A53|/
Ѳݽ_˭й_4_ͲҰרƸ أ
ed2k://|file|˭й-4-ͲҰרƸ.rm|250039831|CD47CF0B2A0653756C980A8C915611FA|/
꡶˭йרãһأ
ed2k://|file|˭йרõһ.rm|25610189|4D948FCC84BEC99543FFFD2D41C2A6C9|/
꡶˭йרãڶأ
ed2k://|file|˭йרõڶ.rm|25463124|755C2E0E9221A60ADDEE5C7FD37321C4|/
꡶˭йרãأ
ed2k://|file|˭йרõ.rm|25334804|2D4D98A800D867F7672B54388573707E|/
꡶ɽ빲ϣأ
ed2k://|file|[ɽ][]ϣ.rmvb|154486906|D7BA793A369BD20F90A9681F675E42BE|/
꡶ɽ빲£أ
ed2k://|file|[ɽ][]£.rmvb|130689414|C38093B3BE86975E47476F67DC7A7D7C|/
꡶˭ϣأ
ed2k://|file|lϣ.flv|149898140|BECB0BE239ADF0DED9058DEF0A1FD19C|h=E2TRWCLK7VWP74U4SZL7U7DICNVUSVW2|/
꡶˭£أ
ed2k://|file|l£.flv|156629559|2A65622DD96C12E8985A7CABB17CEBBE|h=FEN3MBHHY2B5RSKOKC5OCWWJNU2QIEMO|/
꡶˭˵ʧˣϣأ
ed2k://|file|l˵ʧˣϣ.flv|138219754|349875CCE9208DF9479CB9C3594F93AF|h=OZNRWFACPR2QG2NADXJQBXG5OIZUC6V6|/
꡶˭˵ʧˣУأ
ed2k://|file|˭˵ʧˣУ.flv|158817877|3E9F974052B8D5D64B158B2FA8686657|h=MLB45XYYW7AVCAJP2LAWSR6LLNUUPFON|/
꡶˭˵ʧˣ£أ
ed2k://|file|˭˵ʧˣ£.flv|160273353|28724D273EABDB191107884CD6C592B6|h=YLCUGP2RSN5FMMAS3VO2C4L4WIRIQSSE|/
꡶˭ϣأ
ed2k://|file|˭ϣ.flv|148861176|62604FC89FB3223CA4866E36B02389E4|h=2KHQNVH2XVJJN6ZV7FKK7HLEPO5O3JFT|/
꡶˭Уأ
ed2k://|file|˭У.flv|148779028|543F48E8D2A30C9B0B4FA63E061812BC|h=K3WHR37JMRSF4AO7LPAIPI2E7XYODISP|/
꡶˭£أ
ed2k://|file|˭£.mp4|136622368|28DD6E8D98DE00AE7F2F7B9F2820D56B|
꡶Ƭ-򹲺͡1йΪʲô<򹲺>أ
ed2k://|file|Ϊʲô򹲺1.rm|31974911|B96345A0841883CFED8A86862C1E9DF6|h=JRTFCAN36YPONOTMV3WHJDGBYI6K6HSS|/
꡶Ƭ-򹲺͡2߸ͳ<򹲺>أ
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꡶Ƭ-򹲺͡3˭Ĺ͹أ
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սʤʮ꣨ϣ˭սأ
ed2k://|file|˭.rm|106916155|6316D347300852ECEDA6A2972CD6E9DE|h=7I3PNSHWOTLDN3UOZWWNUWS56777MYOB|/
սʤʮ꣨£йսʲôأ
ed2k://|file|սʱйʲô.rm|97644121|127F421003AA7C23C82D27C12EE01F51|h=3DCJ5H3E3DDZVLFHE24MA3VVIOMQBHCJ|/
꡶<>ĵ롷ڱݴѧֻϵݽأ
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꡶˼徿ʲôأ
ed2k://|file|˼徿ʲô.rm|81904157|093A7B106505265A3DFBF122AA9E0A30|
ϵʴӢƪ,лأ
ed2k://|file|ллVCD.rar|943141302|85415E78EF165AD939C7C2376AE127D6|h=KOGOUNEJOANHOJ24BWLUFBFZNXG343GY|/
ݽлŮأ
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ݽʴǰйǰйأ
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꡶׶̸·ѧأ
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ݽ̫ϣĻأ
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ݽ̫£Ļأ
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ݽй̨ǰ;أ
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꡶̨ͳһأ
ed2k://|file|̨ͳһ.rm|34729275|273F1688CD63AA17B91A39674C4CEED8|h=V6XZOQSL7FPHIKG7PGGLJQ7QK4DR2MFA|/
ݽйͳһԭ򡢵·ʱأ
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꡶йĸ￪Ÿйʲôأ
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꡶һⷢʯĵʼϣأ
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꡶һⷢʯĵʼ£أ
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꡶̸[]--Ӹأ
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ҷѷأ
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꡶йˡأ
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꡶ε˼άһսأ
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꡶ƭĲйˡأ
ed2k://|file|ƭĲй.rm|51313376|1236C00F725FD3B0389237A008E165E7|h=6ZFIEX4T46YQTBO26DJ5FI4CIC4YWMKC|/

δδأ
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δδԲϣأ
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δδԲ£أ
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δδ㻨أ
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δδ4851أ
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δδأ
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δδͶأ
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δδͯϣأ
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δδͯ£أ
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δδׯ̽һ𳪱֮衷أ
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δδһƧˡѰ¼Ƭϣأ
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δδһƧˡѰ¼Ƭ£أ
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δδ÷һƧˡأ
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δδCNN̸m4vأ
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δδCNN̸.srtĻأ
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δδ졷16λý幤ߵĶԻݽѡأ
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δδǡڰ̲أ
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Ҧأ
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顷أ
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Ϊʲô졷أ
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봨أ
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ǵޡϣ봨أ
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ǵޡ£봨أ
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ذ֮1̲άȨأ
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ذ֮2̲άȨأ
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ڿաעڿļ¼Ƭأ
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ܡѰѵ꡷أ
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ܡȥأ
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ܡԶɽأ
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ܡ𷿹أ
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硶·һ.ҵ˼أ
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硶·ڶ.ҵأ
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Ϸáأ
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ʢĻ--ʮ֤ԡأ
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񡷣ɽࣩأ
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Ӱ̫ƮӰƬ漰ݼйӾͷ.chsĻأ
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Jon Avnetɫ䡷cd1ʾй͸߲Աĸܣй½.aviأ
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Jon Avnetɫ䡷cd1ʾй͸߲Աĸܣй½.srtĻأ
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ҵࡷ.aviأ
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