                  hc˝h

 

Ԫ66꣬סڽհ˹̹؅^Īq̫ˣ_Rۇyڽ̡ߵĲMl˷_RyεxS֮ģ_Rc׃q̫˵Ě悉悉У_RۇH̎Q˔ǧӋĪq̫ˣǴݚ˪q̵̫ĵڶ}

 

 

r@}ҕq̵̫Ǫq̫ȺwcϵBYļ~Ǫq̫˼wJͬĺġ@~ݚ֮ᣬq̫˴eġ҈@ߣxɢW޸أɞ顰ҼȺʧȥ˼wJͬĹУԹԪ1o_ʼܵϵۑP

 

йŚWޣڽضcxĪq̫壬ελLܵơF̘Iӳɞq̫ȺwҼ֮ҼrW޵F傃ǿ˪q̫ϵġԭԡŷĵ׌ɞyεİסҼ̓혵؏Īq̫ϔDţ́

 

ɯʿȁġ˹ˡfܺõؿ̮@ҼrYWތq̫˵ӡڄУq̫˱ҕˡͽJߣеĻͽˑޡйŚW޵Īq̫˼ʹ^ߵĽλsuҲҕ]йĿ

                                                                   
 

                                                    ɞ顰Wˡ

 

S\ښW޵ĔUɢWʷϵăɼҪ¼Ӱ˪q̫ˡ

 

 ҼǶՊWιϷֲmmĪq̫^q̫ڲmF干wҼ̶ϵڽ̌ݺȺΡ1795꣬mq̫˲òɞ՝uqɳʶĳ

 

ǷɡƽȵȽ̖Ĵ׌SWq̫˿ƺֻҪJͬ@ЩͿԳɞͻͽҼӵģƽȹ(nation state)Ĺ

 

 

^RĔUҲڪq̫xķNӣֻ@Nwδɞq̫ȺļwRS˼uКWx˳_КWČƽyΣʿWȇ^q̫˹ԳJ@o˪q̫˳ɞƽȹϣ

 

Bڽy鷴ӵɳʶԏʮoʮɳʁvɽλᣬMθĸͬrq̫ĹƭhҲ׃څɡSWުq̫ˣЩڸɞYҡڡɎtĪq̫AӣҼȘ^J飬ƺֻҪԼĪq̫JͬeOңͿԼελɞ顰񡱡

 

@Nwڸq̫ǏVڵġ猦IJͬĺԼĪq̫ݣPIcšͬPµ茑ҼӣόӵĪq̫ҼNR£Ҫ׌ԼÓ_ʼÓq̫˾۾Ӆ^ӽoĸNȱݡƺСӚ⡱ȻᡰɞձеҼT

                                                                    
 

                                                   _RcҮ·

 

1862꣬q̫ˡxĦ˹(Moses Hess)䡶_RcҮ·䡷Ќ@N^xwˮJ飬q̫]oWң鷴qxѽHHᘌq̫˵ġq̫ԡq̫ڽ̻ߪq̫ĻąκҼУNxѽɞ˷qxĻAֻҪҼҼΪq̫ѪҺW㲻Ӽ{ɞ顰񡱡

 

 

ǣ˹nq̫˽Լćң]κҼطȪq̫ס^İ˹̹mδĪq̫ˇҡJ飬ڊW˹ۇµİ˹̹q̫ˌͨ^HRedemption of the soilҼrIAxҡ

 

q̫ˌͬWޑЏҵϣԓ䵭1881꣬vɽox߰^ߣvɽ鷴qxߣ΃ĬSᘌq̫˵ġ}ypogromBq̫˵ġӡĴҼȥُͷ

 

ͬ꣬_˹q̫˱˹˹Ī˹Peretz Smolenskinָq̫֮g]СƽcFYҲ]suСδq̫ҪԼȺ\ͱ횻صɫСocɣ

1. ЩӛĪq̫˕ܘǰɫУ˹̹ӡ

2. ɫУ˹̹xq̫߬FښW޵ס̎Kh

3. @Ƭϰy

4. ЩѽɫϵˣˣԱ]ҼN¾񡱣ԏđжɢЫ@ýȡ

5. Kÿq̫˶rI˹̹ͨıͨ׌^m¿Qס

6. q̫߿îصɳ|OS

 

cУҼwFaxq̫͇x߂صȵءҼ棬Yо֮gs͸¶ҼNĚW˵҃ԽУY˹̹İסĻԌ½lչãq̫ˡϵ۵ʹ;ǿԽOsİ˹̹ġ

 

ڽʮУSq̫xx_qxڅĶ_˹Ќ200fq̫ǰޣ24fǰWޡǰ˹̹4f5ǧq̫˳ɞ˵Ҽwеaxߡ

                                                                   
 

                                                ax˼ĔU

 

ڪq̫ελ^ߵķ1894ĵ׸˹¼Affaire Dreyfusص״̼˚W޵Īq̫ˡ׌q̫uJRʹҼT˼ͬ춚W޵ĻԼ߀ǱҕWߡ

 

շ𠎑֮ķq̫c͵߹Yͽϵ̖˷q֮С@rlչĈ󼈳ɞ˷qxɢҪý顣lķq˳ȫWq̫˵P]鷨錦q̫ݵć֮ҼǚWުq̫h

 

׸˹ξҼq̫Ѫyķ܊٣ڿ\oɵָ؞gՙS̵ǵ׸˹ڱȸ׌oİ_˹Cǰ£׸˹Ȼ̎oͽ̡@ҼF̼˪q̫ˣ߻˪q̫axwİlչ

 

 

WSҲ{Ɉ󡷵ߣWࡤմĠTheodor Herzlϯˌ׸˹ČСĿ˂׸˹Ĺ_֮rX˶ʹˡRq̫弴ʹŬDWޣWҲҕWˡhܵyc衣Ȼxɱ⣬߀ͬW޸x_q̫˛]мlǾִ͎ཨOҼq̫˵ļl

 

ܴ˴̼֮£մĠ֮ҼСq̫СӣС˸wĪq̫

 

ڡq̫УָbЇҶqxƣq̫ҪԼćң@N뷨ȲǲܣҲЦneither ridiculous nor impossiblewĲEҪɪq̫fthe Society of Jewsͪq̫˾Jewish CompanyС

 

FˌǰKءҲҪO·F·늈վˮKOԼ^ĄQסQׄЈЈĶߡÕr˶ǰ

 

 

c֮ǰɂax߲ͬǣӋ߀fW˹Kkq̫ˣԼ̘߳IɣԎ֮ᣬq̫ˌځޘҼoW޵ĉa wall of defense for Europe in Asia挦ҰU˵ǰվan outpost of civilization against barbarism}Ү·䣬錦̵ҪԣɞH܅^international extraterritoriality

 

ںմĠķYҼӛ]ᵽ˹m̻߮صİYq̫MġWˡ|İ񂃶ҰUˡƽȹҲȱϯģҕġ

 

ںܶᣬؑ𮔕rSҲ{q̫ȺwķrSҲ{񣭪q̫Aձӵĳ@͑ŭMdf@λƽrLȤнBĸˣڎʲᣬʲ£ʲ҂Ҫȥ˹̹҂ZǵZϣZ҂ļ҈@ĊWʴȵĸʴġsɪʵ£҂^òǺØOˆ᣿҂ǫ@wпɿλ᣿y҂ƽșćҹ񣬲@҂۵ľSҲ{LؑE᣿y҂ҼMĕrеڽƫҊڎʮԃȾ͕ۙEȫ᣿ʲ@ԼҲǪq̫ˣҪq̫˵ˣ҂ÿҼ춼cIӽڵYҼĕr򣬅sҪ҂ĔṩՓҪ҂ֻȥoS̵ǣʮᣬWĪq̫˾͕顰I硱R^

 

ڊWq̫AӌմĠġq̫䳰S֮rСӅsЩڶmͼYؚq̫oaЫ@ˏҵķ푡ǧďِ룬@fܵYҺͷ⽨FAȄĪq̫oacȼˡ

                                                                   
 

                                                     δ[

 

ҼᣬڵҼaxFirst Zionist CongressϣմĠϯƶҼaxʽķWުq̫еҼ־Ӣ_ʼJJؿ]q̫巵ء҈@Ӌˡ

 

fښW޸ҡlչ֮rҼ_ʼʹq̫ȼ˳ɞ顰W޹񡱵ϣǣSҼҼεʧҼٲ֪q̫ӢRK܏ص׽Qq̫ښW޵̎WʼKҕq̫˞顰ˡ֮rq̫˵ĬFݾ_

 

q̫ݵĴ_Ҽ潨ڌǧꏛؘِc֮ϣҼҲǌW޽ԁݰlչҼNbģ߀Ǻͪq̫LԁҕWZе߷ֲ_ġҼȺLڱҕĻеߣyIVxw

 

^OSζǡԺմĠĪq̫axӢʼKԡWx^}ġ@ӵ˼Sax߂K]п]˹̹˵ĸc̎

 

ʮᣬq̫˽KڃǧҼԼġ҈@Լ֮r˹̹İҕߡֻ^@ܿyĲǪq̫ˣǰˡax߂İK˰ԛ_ͻֱ춼oQ