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ҼĻ硡

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1. еcˡ

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2. 헻ԭtƽcx

ҼҪYͰlչ˽Ҫԭtƽx񡣡

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ı|挧ģҼfеĳɹ߳܎֡ώֵˡǣҲГpplx֮ؔˣĳɹ܎ĽsкܴƉˣƶ߀Ҫͨ^ɺ͹£ЩpߵЏSo߅H׷󲻮档@ӣmƶȺͷΣЧƽ⸂ؓЧ

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3. зɺͷƵá

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ǷֹԵĂxlչɘO˂xҼNЧߡ磬ҼȱXҲȥyлpSrܵɵļsĂОԽ˷ɵĽޣҼܵƲáYMкܶuɵĲ̷еĲǣ^߀ǷǳطɵģţķԼ涼ه춷ɵćʩСĳc˻̼Ұl_ͻȥنTVfԮɳQ_ͻ

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ͷ߶˙࣬γRJغ;So˵ĻHҲھSoԼęSo˵ętԼęҲܵõء@Nĵ^HҼYȻSֵAČWͯС@NѬСӛҼЌWƌWnõĉϣN@ӵҼlZ䛣MҲͬ⊅fģҪԼlfԒęҲڴͬӵ¡

˙طӳЛQУǡešҲķԭtڲ˙ćңǡeҼ١Ҳ^ҼЂxˁfeҼןoǿµУ@Nζ˙ԭt⵽ˇ`̤Ȳֹκ˶ܱҼԩ˿ܾǊԣԺﷸrȼOǟoģɎֻҪ׌㌏FţԭVAṩCІ}Ϳʹ̎ݡ

Ĺ

1. ĹҪ

cռǲɷָ(Kelly, 1995)ЇSlչЇҼӣٰlչĽS֮wƵDͣҪ֪RԼcmărֵ^ͨW߿_@ҼĿ˵fȫͨMolnar(1987)J飬Ҫȫw깫̶߳ȵռ]x㡢^졢A ˼uϵĶ˾Ͳòه춈ҼЩ^Һ;ӢҊ⣬ {Q@ӹԼ\ȱЧĿơCarnoy(1990)SҵĽϵy^о]⵽lչЇҺͰl_ڽĿ˺;LڴҼNrĲl_Ǽ΅cRĽ͌WRgԵĽlչЇֻҕߡl_ҵcĽּȫw֪RʹΡIи̶ȵącԴˁ߽ĸlչЇ҄t{ZֺӋȼ֪RҼҵĽϵyֻƫؼ֪RĽĹᣬҼʹWvܸߣ|Ҳஔ

ĿǰЇĹ˼RΑBhărֵ^@NĹǳMխÓxHֽڷ]rIYS߀ҼЩãǣЇĽBĻhΚ˺ܴĸ׃˂axRΑBѽ_йԁc^Ļ1989찲T֮ᣬlؔ¸P]cFl˾׃ɹٷֵĹsܽ^׃ʹîǰ^x˷οĿ֮⣬ю׺ȫʧȥˌHܡ

Ȼ]Ҽ֮ЧĹDеЇஔΣUġȣ˂˼벻̎ՠBȻٷRΑBܚgӭ⽨˼е(Ů͸˼)ԼĻ(popular culture)еĵײ(ɫ顢)͕aգӰ˂^ͬrf˼RΑBӲԴҪĹĹȱЇS๫ărֵ^О鷽ʽڰl׃x푪ҪԽԽhf˼RΑBe`H춣ȫ߉팍ʩģҪǣ@N˂F}M̹\ČԒӑՓqՓıܣֹ˂˼u˂˼KԼQ@ЩBǡǡǽͰlչƶ횵ġЇMЈĸҲĵ·ǣȱЧĹʹҼ״ȱԼeOcͶ뽛κĻ(Benavot,1996)߀˕ɽƶD͵t

䌍KֻЇźҕĹxҶˡϧǣֹ|WǰxҵRΑBD^̮aʲӰ푣HWg׺]_չоȻΌxʽ˼D׃ĹҲϛ]ʲϵyġЧĽh(Diamond,1993)ˣξ@}M͇C̽ӑЇĽ(ǹ)挦ҼCyõęC܉ͨ^WҵĽ򞣬ǖ|WƶD͵Ľ򞣬ЇƶDͺԪĬFlؽЇĹwϵԘOЧƄЇƶȵDͣЇĬFvʷԵؕI

2. Ĺăݡ

ČWУжcB|Լƽ⡢xʄt֮؞еnOcУӰ֮СČWУͨ^ƌWn(Social Studies)WM|Ľ֪RcļԼrֵ^Ľ@档ȣ֪RĽʹС˽ĻYܣԼÿcεĳ@N֪R߀P춸ȡԼ֪RWJRͰlF֮gԼcͽYՓ֮gPϵΣcܵĽcġĻܵsܵӖͰlչ@Щܰ@úͷϢ֪ԡálչqՓՓc߼ʩ@áͰlչ֪RԼȫ慢c^Ļᣬrֵ^ĽPɡ˙ࡢƽƽȡƵ@Щrֵ^B@Щrֵ^ҕҼе(Ichilov,1990)ҹrֵ^cOҹrֵ^кܴĲͬ@ֵЇĹ]⡣

ҪrֵԴ춡ԡ˙{Ĺƽ(due process)ƽȱoɱ_͹cҲLڵ`γɵĹRֲɡƽ؟κxաԪ[˽ȃrֵA֮ϡڹ̓rֵ^@棬ČWУĴҪ:Ҽ˙ęЄӵęę˰ȫę͵õƽșCęõxę[˽ę˽˓ؔaęڶɣcγɡڽɡ˼ɡRɡɡԃ@Ϣɺͱ_Ҋɡ˵؟Σ؄e˵ę\̡ͬġCҿƵc򡢞鹲ͬĿ˶؄e˵ؔaģr؟JҪдܽܵķɣвͬҊٔõoxغͱo˵ęɣC࣬󱊵ĸ(ҊNational Council for Social Studies,1994)

PߌīIČȷ@ķc̓rֵ^PăݮУЩЇ֪R߀^ϵЩ݄tЇSˁfȫȻİҼ򱻺ҕġ؄eЩMx˵xăݣ炀ę˱[˽ę˽˓ؔaęȣڮЇ˼УҲc֮ĸ͜ʄt

ЩnЇwƸĸʿЩľЇĹn̵Ľߣ؄e]₀˵؟@档@ҼṩҼYе؟θеĴֻ݆о߂@Щrֵ^ˣ܉ɞĺϸҲֻЮҼĴ߂@Щ|@ܳɞQֻ֮Ю˾Ļ֪R̓rֵ^ܷKЧ\D

rֵ^Ĺ܉Reвأ܉ЧرOҲЧظQ؄e˵ę\̡ͬġCҿƵc򡢞鹲ͬĿ˶؄e˵ؔaȣH漰Ļ(Carr and Hartnett,1996)˂@ЩĻJ̶ͬȣ԰Ĺ񡢷⽨͙Cxı^_

҂ԿښvʷϺͬFУк֮ܶҪֻ˱_ҊęZˣ߂̓rֵ^K˱_Ҋę䲻ЩcҊͬϰlę@ЩҲSJ飬ֻҪԼn;˵xϵĳsܺҕԼrֵ^ğo֪ԼԼϲĻıF

Pߵ^죬ЇR\У˂ՄǂɡrԼܡ䌍Ї˼nYğo@ԭtȤǣЇ֪RӺ񱊌cPă݅sஔϤЇ\ҲՄՓr@Ć}珊{ҪдܽܵķɡвͬҊٔõoxغͱo˵ęɡCࡢ󱊵ĸȡǣII˂ƺPνY͹}ˑ߂ε֪Rrֵ^Bs˼ñ^١⣬̓rֵ^Уܕ^ص؏{ɫ^Ĳݣ^ᳫɫ^Ĳݣ@NӳЇLڵČέh乫ӰԼǧ⽨Ļ˂Ե(Rong,1997)

ĹČʩ

κ·ҹҼpe΄գʩҼЩyҲҼЩyЇеġҊyǣܽ߿ǿնoġՓ̫̫󣬻ǱuՓcHÓWҲoáĆ}ǣĽ̲ĺͽ̎Ǳf̫ǱЩơܽ߳J飬ϵęنTԼĽ̎fҼҼףŷʩyc춣ՓÓxСW`WҲSfҼףHYǷyvˣҲ֪ԓMйąc(Oldenquist,1996)ЇҪMĹHRyҕ漰ν^|ССČRΑBlʿ@ЩlʿĽ̗l䌍Kȫǽڹax˼Aϵ(R˼xҕ˵xԵĲݣ@ՓҲҼNR)߀кܴҼǁЇǧķ⽨yĻ

ЇҪMЇ͑ãҼ塢N塢ĻLסڽԪY˂̎ͬȻؕ}вͬĿͨ^жԪJR˂ЙC^ȫ؏ĲͬĽǶȁ^Fҵܱ˽ܵĽQ(Kwong and Xiao,1989; Postiglione,1992)ĶԪ韩ҼFYrֵ^Ҫă֮ҼǌԪĳJٝͬ⣬Ą˂MuԵ˼͌Q}ķrҪ]ͬ˂@ӵ^cͨ_R·^ֹҼl@ӵ˼SʽcЇy˼SʽИOą^e񌦽yΙ͙Ե˼quԵĹrЇyĻĺĲ𡣡

D͕rЇĹԓЃɂcҼcʹ₀ˡMCPϵ񑪮˽⣬CγɵģʲյĿĺlյČlƺӰ@ЩC@ЩCӰ푂˺ĻģCӾSֺӸ׃ġwܽߣÿҼӱĳЩCĸ׃Ӱ푣ÿҼ˵Ӱ푵ĸ׃^̣ʲṫ񑪮oęCȥz򞲻ͬӰ˼CCcl_ͻrqR@֮gĿˡrֵ^ͻԭtϵĲͬ񱊑֪Cԓӌ׃Ă˺ȺwҪЧķҲĄͨ^˼φ}QC׃D^еy

ЇĹĵڶcǎ֮gPϵ̎D׃rڵYÙYԼܵĚvʷ׃ǺҪġ̽@}rбҪ˼}ʲǙȡʲʽl@NǱõġĺ͑õģʲǺϷęӱӱSֺ͸׃ģʹҪĻؑՙˑӱOͱQ˵ęٔĶ(majority rule)ǰµõo@ӣͨ^^ͬwƵc܉uףˡM͇ґԓҼȥQ_ͻ໥İȫ(Oldenquist,1996)

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