ЇąRLӋƣ׃Ҽǳsġf塢 Ć}磬HŵxRʾķN֮ࡣڱУP߸Ї⽛ŅR֮о͹֮򞣬ԇD\ìFՓጸĸ_ԁŅRʵ׃

ҼŵxRʡ

1. ķNxRʡҼNCơ

ĸԁŵxRʿԸķNҼNǇƃr[1]ڶNӋp؅RʣʮF1:2.8ġȲQ׽YrQĿmÇƃr@Ǹĸărp܉֮Ҽp܉ӋQN1988OR{ЈFӋrcЈrKp܉Rʡо߰R{rxRʼR~ȃr񣩮p܉RеЈRʣ䌍e`ġ@YЈrRʑԓR~ȃrR~ɱ1993ƽ80ټχƃrRʣ飬R~80ȥaN100ĳڣƽÿҼԪõaNֻ~ȃr80@Np܉Rֱ1994ŁK܉ķNǺЃrRƗl£RпǻСشRˮƽSRPϵ͹Ƴ̶ȶ׃

@YvġҼNCơ؅^Fź͸ێŵpͨCơۺڵ؅^Lڴź͸ێ֮gɃQڰʮY؅^F˃ɷN؛ͬrͨĠrֵƃrRʸ߹ݵ⵽ێŵ𡣸؛ͨl¡ӎšĸtͨµ؛ţoՓǽَ߀ǼţͨձҎǣ䃶QLÓxЈrֵ؛źyڇLھS֏ͱλƣHrֵ^͵ҼN^ߵҼN˂ǰͶͨ߃ͺ˂ʹüŕrǱMƓpƱӶƱղҼӡ

ڇH؛ŃQУ؛źͼɃQS־RʡҼļŲɃQͬӵҎɌ෴ʽF顰ӎšŸ߹rஔӎţ˂څ춃RţMƷNRוrž͕MͨӎńtںHֵڿۣصRнyȡYێڽ؅^Mͨͨ_؛ͨҼr딵ŏͨȥʹںԄӵHֵ50YЈϵƷպЃrź͸ێpؘ˃rĶŵĺЅRƷUrֵΑBF؅^ăɎͨǰʮŅRʏӋrЈr^ɵҼNǳȻֳɹʽ˾ʮ춎ֵͦȻɃQ^ɣԳۺ߅ͨ

2. ُIƽrͅRʛQ

оRʵĳlcǅRʛQLڻAߵՓcُIƽrPPP^ُIƽrՓхRʶxɂ҃rˮƽıʡPUSPGքeʾͬҼMƷ͵Nۃr񣬄tُIƽrAyԪ/R˅RʣEͱʾ顡

E/DM=PUS/PGʽ PUS=E/DM*

PGʽ߅ָҼMƷԪr߅ڵُIԓMƷԪr񡣽^ُIƽrJ飬ͬҼN؛űʾЇҵărˮƽԓȣQ֮ڬFЅR£ֻЮÿN؛ŵćُIcُIȕrُIƽrُܳIƽrՓJ飬ɷN؛ŅR׃İٷֱȌͬҼrڃɇȃrˮƽ׃İٷֱ֮磬r105tAyԪRHֵ5ٷc@؛ŵćُI׃乫ʽʾǣ

[E/DMT- E/DMT-1]/E/DMT-1= HUST- HGT @YTָrgHָͨ؛Ûʣ

ُIƽrՓ춨˅RՓĻA˼ǽLrˮƽLڅR֮gϵmȻz򞲻ܳCُIƽrՓĜʴ_ԣP@ҼՓġЧԡ^cҼJr£Rʲ^ȵÓxُIƽrڇͨ؛ÛrڣRʵ׃r׃ȫգُIƽrָʾxஔڃɇgQPϵͻȻДᣬҼٻ֏QPϵrُIƽrṩҼRʵąϵ

HǳҕԪcŵُIƽr˿uЇ1975@Ҽʴs1:0.4619871:1.4119941:2.2619951:4.21998s1:41:5֮g@ȻŵxRҼֱ^ُIƽrOr׃tŵxRcُIƽrPϵͿɱxRʺ͇rPϵŵćُIMƷrĵ

3. xRcُIPϵ׃

ĸ_ԁŅRcُIPϵ׃ɷ֞rڡ

ҼA19781993꣬ŵxRʏ1:1.7Hֵ1:8.7Hֵ412ͬڇMrָ^ćͨ؛Ûʣ255xRʵHֵٶȱMrָĵʾćُI½ٶȸ60xRHֵҪԭǣȃrĸͨ؛ÛʹړQRɱָӋДUڡ֌xRcړQRɱ^Y˶֮gʱȡԽEԽߡ

ڶAΏ1994ŅRʁK܉_ʼǕrxRʏ1:5.8Hֵ1:8.7199710޸ąRʴHֵrY@410µĕrgȣŵxRʱFĂF󡣡

ҼŵxRʷُIsѸ½19941997ЇMrָ52ͨ؛Ûʞ12ңُIƽrՓőԓԪHֵ26H@ҼAŅsֵ4.6@NFጡҼųHķ1993׵p܉Rˮƽ1:8R{r1:8.7߁ӋtRʁK܉ᳬH10Ӱ挍xRˮƽĿQƷƽrcHֵxRˮƽ֮gࡣHġҼrɡָͬƷ܉ͨ^ڲͬcͬӃr񡱣@ֻm춿QƷm춷QƷRʵLڻʑQƷƽrُIƽrW׾V͹1997ҼойӋ֮gĿQƷƽr1:7@ҼʱُIƽrӽ挍xRˮƽMƷrָʾġͨ؛Ûʡ̫ķǇHQƷ˲RʵaYσrMƷr׃ӵĲҼԡЇڵ80ǹIƳƷӰ푇HQ׺ͅRˮƽaYσr򹤘IƷSr񣬶@rָ׃cͶYL߶P1993ͶY׺RxRHֵMƷrָʾͨ؛ÛʵͨaYσr׃ӣߵ׃֮gҼҵĕrͨ؛ÛcڵąRʟoP19941997ЇͳF@NrڛQxRʕrӲُIƽrՓԞͨ؛ÛRʾҼRHֵ

ڶF挍RֵcK档ڱĵġHRʡҼMҼf@}

FxʵĸˮƽcֵAځK棬ҊĵġƽrҼ

ĂFǽ^ُIƽrُIƽr֮gìܡُIƽrՓֻҪЇͨ؛ÛʸxRʾ͕Hֵս^ُIՓֻҪԪcŵُIƽrxRʣž͑mֵُIƽrn1994꣬PԽ^ُIƽrˮƽrs1:5lcԮrxRʣ1:8.7lcُIƽrԭӋɇͨ؛Û֮xRʵH̶ֵȣYlFӋcͣʹЇͨ؛Ûʳm6ÿ5ٷcxRHֵoĩRҲ^1:8ஔĿǰˮƽ˹PߵĽYՓǣŵxRʿԷoĩ@ҼAyў^ȥ6ĬFC

^ُIƽrُIƽr֮gìܣӳ˰lչЇҿQƷcQƷr֮gķ\ӌxRͬraֵHֵɷNcȣFķQƷărˮƽ͡؛ŵُIߡЃɷN:Ҽ_ɭaʲeOQƷaTFaʵ춸ڷQƷaTte磬F͸lÿյĹeܴ󣬶XaʵĲetöࡣЇQƷrͬFQƷaT^͵aζFĹYˮƽͣڷQƷTaɱҲ^ͣʹQƷărˮƽҲS֮͡ڶNǰ͸ᩤRS˹YՓlcǸŸ́ڄYԴă䲻ͬQƷTfQײTǄڄܼ͵ģFڄˣQƷărҲͣS˾߶

QƷͷQƷrķ\ӵҼͰǣձLrڣFͨҕYԵrQƷTaʵ춷QƷTQƷTYߣ˷QƷTYߣȳ˷QƷTaʵ@ʹ19731983gձQƷķQƷr56.9ͬH12.4@ӣձQƷr½͟oQƷrĶԪČHRֵڃrYìܳʄڅݕrֻ׃xRʲ{ͨ؛ÛʣձxRʵֵȵ춌HRʵֵȣձͨ؛Ûʾ͕@19501971ČHr@Ҽrձƽͨ؛Û5.4ֻ3ձQĉ͇ͨ؛ÛʡʹxRʵֵȳ^ˌHRʵֵȣձͨ؛Ûʾ͕@19791993ČHr@Ҽrձͨ؛ÛʃH2.3t_4.7ЇcձƣQƷaЧʵ߿춰l_ңrڅ½QƷסլͷգărh춇HˮƽஔLĕrڃȱȻ춰l_ҡԣԿQƷƽrӋ㣬ŅRֵڅݣMƷrӋُIƽrtŅsڅHֵ

ŅRcُIPϵ׃ĵA_ʼ199711£춽Mͨ؛osBŵćُIߡxRʅsҼֱSֲ׃@Ҽ}ӑՓ

ŵČHRʡ

1. HRʵx

mȻQƷƽrُIƽrܸõؽጅRʵLڻʣԡጅRcُIƽr֮gƫҪʹáHRʡĸͬrF؛c؛صӰ푣q/DM=[E/DM*

PG]/PUSʽ׃ E/DM=

q/DM*[PUS/PG]@YԪR˵xRʵ춌HRʳɇr֮ȡHRʲ׃rɇrˮƽ֮ȼُIƽrcxRͬ׃ӣӳLrڃȃɇ؛Ź׃LrڃȌHRʵ׃ӄtǷ؛ġLھУxRʺ͌HRʵPϵǣҼ؛Ź׃LڃȌxRʵͬ׃ӣărˮƽҲlͬ׃ӣ@ǷُIƽrՓġُIƽrՓKЧጮaƷЈ׃ąRʲӡ

HRͬҼM˜Ʒڃɇ֮grֱӺͳı^磬ԪR˵ČHRʵĶxǣԪʾͬMƷڵărˮƽărˮƽHRɮaƷЈĹPϵQģxRʷӳĄt؛Јľ⡣ُIƽrՓҪ^cǌHRʲ׃ӣ@NՓJ飬؛ŹoLڡmֻʹrʺxRʳɱ׃ӣܸ׃ͬMƷڃɇrُIxRʵ׃cɇrˮƽ׃໥rͬMƷڃɇr׃ግHRʴ_׃Ȼɇrˮƽ׃cxRʵ׃Ҽ£ͬMƷڃɇrl׃tHRʾ͕l׃ԣHRʵĴ_ǿ׃ӵģ׃ӷȼxRƫxُIƽrĲݡˣÌHRʵĸԺُIƽrՓƫ

ɂҵ؛ЈͮaƷЈĹPϵӰ푃ɇ֮gLxRʡ؛ЈӰ푕rȑ]⵽؛Źoˮƽ׃ӡ؛ŹoҼӲӰ푮aʺͰHRڃȵκr񣬌HRʲ׃LxRcُI׃Ҽ¡Ҫ]؛ŹoLʵ׃ӣӰLͨ؛Ûʡʺ͌H؛؛׃ӌLӰԵģֻӰLxRʡӰLڌHRʡM܅RҼNxr񣬵؛ҲaƷЈLxRʵӰ푕rȑ^aƷ׃ӡćLڃr׃r£aƷˣaƷr@ԪR˵xRʵֵΣ^aƷo׃ӡaƷoĔUaƷr񡢌ԪR˵ČHHֵͬraӌUH؛~Ľ󣬴̼ČH؛ſa׃ڮaƷЈϵķӳc؛Јϵķӳ෴ģxRʵӰǲ_ġ

ÌHRʵĸ߀ԷR׃ӌQֱӰ푡xRʵ׃ͨ^׃ɇƷrӰMڔRHֵRӋĳ~p٣ȻƷćۃr½ӳڔڔӵܳ^Ʒr½ēpʧxRHֵQxֵӰ푴춌QHֵӰ푣fxRʌQӰ푱ȌHRʵӰС˼rՓ͡JU֮ԭ1997yЈָ^ȥ20Y̫ϽMQ׿LQ׿L1.5ărԞ1.252.5HRÿF1ĿɳmHֵM͜p0.5Hڄt0.75ɴ˿ҊxRHֵԸxQף12ꡣ

оLڅRʆ}ҼҪh}ǣaǷHRʳmֵ춮aĿLSȵĸͨ؛Ûʣ߿ܳ^xRʵHֵȶɌHRֵHRʵֵɇH֧ĽYᣬaӡHRʳmֵӳǽlչĳɹaʵČ|ߣ磬ձn_ĽL͌HRʵ׃@PLKȻHRʵֵ磬ۡ¼¡R̩ӡĮaĹKδQƷrČHRʱ^ЇrtҼNΡ^ȥ20YЇČHaֵ6xaֵ21؛Űl100ڸLr£ŵČHRʲδֵ߀Hֵˡ19781994AΣŵxRHֵ^죬ڇMƷărֻ100ҵr£RHֵ_55019941999AΣMƷrָ21.5׃-324.5ٷc˕rxRʾSֲ׃ஔ춌HRHֵ24.5ٷc

2. HRcڵPϵ

ЇQwƸĸǏؔӋCr񩤩RʙCƵ^ɣxRʵHֵcؔaNĜpͬеġоؔ،QӰ푕r͸ˡЧRʡ@ҼָǌxRؔaNR~aNϢaN˶MPصӰ푿۳ąRʡДM@Ҽؔ،QӰ푡ֶؔεcǣ؛ǘֱ{ͨ^{YgӵӰ푿Q{жNֶΣքe{Mڣ䷽ʽȶMͬʹPJ飬˷քeӋؔξwքeӰ푳ںMڣټәƽ^䌦xRʿӰ푡ҊҼ

ؔaNxRʹʽǣ

HY=1WH+TX+SX-CX+E+L+GX+WH+CM-TM-Z+E

̖f:HYǼؔصxRʣHxRʣTXǳ1Ԫ؛ƽؔaNSXǳ1Ԫ؛ƽ˶~CXǳ1Ԫ؛ƽĳPLǳ1Ԫ؛ƽϢaNEǳ1Ԫ؛ƽR~aNGXǳ1Ԫ؛ƽ@õaNCMM1Ԫ؛յČHMP~TMM1Ԫ؛ƽMؔaNZ˽~ռMڿ~ıWMռMڿ~ıGXӰMڵءPډȡ

ҼؔصxRʣ/Ԫ

MڅRʡ

څRʡ

ؔصġ

1978

3.05

3

1979

2.52

3

1980

2.89

2.8

1981

2.6

2.8

1982

2.676

3

1983

3.75

3

1984

3.037

3.4

3.3

1985

3.53

3.5

1986

3.53

4

1987

3.737

5

1988

5.354

6.4

5.9

1989

5.39

6.5

1990

5.5

6.6

1991

5.926

6.7

6.3

1992

6.655

7

1993

8.166

8.6

8.4

1994

8.846

9.5

9.15

1995

8.57

9.3

1996

8.526

9.3

8.95

1997

9.3

1998

9

1999

^ȥʮYЇĳڰlչɷ֞ĂAΡҼAǰʮǰYԴܼͳaƷڕrڣ1985aƷռڿ~50.4ʯռ24.8YԴҪؔaNxRʵĸ߹Ӱ푲󡣵ڶAǰʮʮڵĄڄܼ͹IƳƷAΣxRʡؔaNrضֱӵ{áAΏľʮڣڽY׃ԹIƳƷռڿ~s86мӹQ׵ı؏199145199655.8ӹQ@NQ׷ʽMԭӹٳڵֳʲ^2030xR׃ӵӰ푴󲿷Mڭhϻˣͬr乤YɱֻռaƷɱ1020RHֵmɴʹYޡ춼ӹQ׵MֱӒ^ͬͬԅR׃Ӳ܆ηֻMڻڮaӰ푣ĄڵąRͬrҲĄMڣMڵąRߌHҲͬr˳ڡAΏľʮ_ʼIƳƷĳӹlչgY^ߵęC늮aƷɞҼڮaƷ1995435|ԪL37ռڿ~29.5^˼Ʒ25.5@NڽYǇHľCϱ^ܵRʡؔrصӰ푡

^ںMڅRʣԿ1978rؔ،MڵӰ푻ஔᣬSӋQRrwƵĸĸؔڵֱaNp١֧νLҪMڣֱ횴ƄӳڣڳڳɱxRʲHֵ^졢ȃrwϵoR춇H܉r£ֻ^máӴؔaNԏaRcڳɱ֮ԼărؔaNؔoܕr_ʼQwƺͅRƶȸĸǣ@ЩĸKδؔڷֶΡŌԪֱӘ˃rߡζͬӵԪԃQţؔؼӵRϣŵĳڅRʵ͹MڅR@ӳĹĄߌ򡣏1984_ʼؔ،MڵӰ푲ԽԽ󣬼ؔصĳڅRHֵø죬1996_1:9.3MڅR1:8.5269.41999MҼӴֳ֧ڵȣʹóڅRʽӽ1:11@fֳ֧ڲҼRHֵɣԳ˶ڮaIϢaNR~aNֶؔҲ_Ŀġ

3. 挍RcHЧR

pȡMؔaNζؔؓrDƣɴٳxRHֵ͇ȃrЈ1992꣬Ї˃rwƸĸKȡMؔaN@ӣͿڬFʹ挍Rʺ͌HЧR@ɂˡ挍RxRʳԃɇrˮƽ֮ȣcHRӋֻͬ^ߵĺxS@YP߲ÃɷNrָքeӋŵ挍RʣҊҼNǼٶr׃xRʜpȥȫMƷrָ˷^㣻ڶN齛W·xRʳɇIƷSr֮ȣ@ӽӽ춿QƷƽr

挍RʣţԪ

xR

~ȃr

{R

p؅R

1978

1.7

1983

1.97

1984

2.33

1985

2.94

1986

3.45

1987

3.72

1988

3.72

2.66

1989

3.76

2.66

6.38

1990

4.78

1.08

5.8

5.36

1991

5.32

0.5

5.7

1992

5.51

1.1

6.5

1993

5.73

2.7

8.5

1994

8.61

1995

8.35

1996

8.32

1997

8.30

1998

8.30

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

Mrָ

6.0

13.0

21.7

14.8

6.1

0.8

8.22

8.33

HRʣҼ

5.9

6.92

6.71

7.09

7.82

8.0

8.3

HRʣ

8.1

9.22

8.65

8.08

8.18

8.3

8.6

]

x{RʣxƃrRʣR~ȃr

xp܉RʣxƃrRʣR~ȃr*80

ŌHRʣҼxƃrR*1Mrָ

ŌHRʣ=ƃrR*ЇIƷSr/IƷSr񣩣

19811985ڃȲYrQ׽Y1:2.8Q׽Y1:1.7

19881993R~ȃr{rcRƃrK棬γp؅Rʡ

ŌHRʵγcrĸＰͨ؛ÛPϵڰʮrwƸĸRҪӰ푡Ҽ棬raƷr_ٳ˓ُraƷrġ

WЧʽ䣬ϵطaäĿĄaĲȃr񲨄ӴҼ[2]

@ֱQI̝pMҼRDQ̝pؓҼǅՇHЈĶrkMڴrMƷĵrԅRʓQšPաMmMNۃr@Ҽĸ춾ʮڻɡ1993굽1997꣬ŵČHRֵǳڷ61ԭǣȵĽosʹƷćُr½K؂朗lINrܼrջ؛ʹIrڣԱ㼰rYR@š

ЇrwϵĽY׃

raƷ

Ʒ

ۿ~

1978

1984

1985

1988

1996

1978

1984

1985

1988

1996

1978

1985

1988

1996

Ҷr

92.6

67.5

37

25

16.9

97

73.5

47

30

6.3

100

60

60

14

ָr

1.8

14.4

23

23

4.1

0.5

10.5

19

25

1.2

0

0

0

4.9

Ј{r

5.6

18.1

40

52

79

2.5

16

34

45

92.5

0

40

40

8.1

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W҉TtЇ18ҪQ׌Ӌ˙ŵČHЧRlFmȻ1994ŵxRHֵˣxЧRʻδ׃1995ŵxRֵ1.52ԪԪR˴HֵʹŵxЧRHֵ121Їͨ؛Ûʴ½ʹЇČHЧRHֵ501996ŵxRδ׃ԪDֵЇȵrϝq^m½ʹŵČHЧRֵ3.5ڮrͨ؛ÛʹHRֵr£ԪԪRHֵԪıȃr׃SԪHֵˇͨ؛ÛڵĲӰ푡ǣ޽ΣCsF෴r߅ҵ؛HֵʹŵxЧRֵ1995ЇQYnQռ6|ρռ4_ռ6.36ձռ20%1997|ρ؛ƽHֵs40n؛Hֵ40_Hֵ20ʹŵČHЧRֵ5.31998ԪHֵ20ŌHЧRֵ71996굽1998꣬ЇȵMrˮƽ½10.7ٷcڌHRHֵr˳˶@Ӿ͵xЧRֵʹδܵ

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4. ʮЇ⽛ƽPϵ

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3. 1998:ЇH֧Dc

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Yar߉݋r׃ӵڅݣtԵó@ӵĹʽɃoͶYQČHʵδƷʾĬF؛r:

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