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@ƪ°l춹P߷gҼWgrҼZϵyı_ɌӢĸɣFreedomc(Liberty)x(Liberalism)cx(Libertarianism)ȿ_ɡ֮ăɂ~NӢĻӢh~䶼Оͬx~ҼЩ_fČWg@ɂ~ԻQǣ@ɂ~ǿЌ|ԅ^eġ

ԇZؐW@߰R恆.ɭ(Amartya Sen)Development as Freedom(ԇg顶ɣlչĿĺֶΡ)[1]еăɂӡɭuՓx[2]rfxҼҼthe indifference to freedoms, rights and

liberties([1]57)@YfreedomslibertiesKУ^ֻ֣gɡĮҕɡɡɭԭԒУfreedomsliberties_˲ͬăȺҼ£ɭuՓx(Libertarianism)ϢArfIn terms of its informational basis, libertarianism as an approach is just too limited.Not only does it ignore those variables to which utilitarian and welfarist theories attach great importance, but it also neglects the most basic freedoms that we have reasons to treasure and demand.Even if liberty is given a special status, it is highly implausible to claim that it would have as absolute and relentless priority as libertarian theories insist it must have.We need a broader information basis of

justice.([1]67)ϢAԣxҼNg·оԡHԹx͸xՓxOҪԵЩ׃Һҕ҂ҕKҪɡʹoλҲyQɑԓн^ġܛăԣxՓԳֵǘӡ҂ҪPxĸVϢAP@YfreedomlibertyӅ^ֵgɡɡY@gľ@߉݋yxȡҕ҂ҕKҪ(ԭfreedom)ֈԳ֡(ԭliberty)ԓн^ġܛăԡ

ٿLiberal~ăɂ~LiberalismLibertarianismgĵġxڮ÷У@ɂ~ͨքeʾAܲͬăɂ˼ɡwϣZؐW@ߞLibertarianismйҮˡYR˹(^)Liberalism_ɭ_ɭ(^)ɭĵڶԒ漰ɵɭLibertarianismu@ɂ~gɡxx߾ȫoֱ@xָҼҡ

䌍ӢЌ@ɂgZĽ綨Ҳy֥ӸW1994l˹Ү˵ͨū֮·ʮo桡

[3]׵ߺQҮǡʮox]ӢõLibertarianismҪߡ֥ӸWLibertarianism患ԓ猦x̖ԓe~ȤǣҮڕЅsҼֱLiberalismQԼKڴ˕1956ӡл˃ƪ(25-26)fɣǡԭġʮoxϡʹáLiberal@~ġożҮ˵HͬYڡYxcɡ[4]

ҼՓҲ˃퓰ƪ(4-6)x(Liberalism)Դ䡰xJ飬Ҫڕб_˼룬_ĺǡQx(Liberalism)ڮ÷LiberalismDÁָٝͬAЩˡfҼ治x(Liberalism)Q̖ͣҼҲҲõQԳLiberalismP˵ČWf˼롣

cҮˡYԷQգɭǰҼֱx(libertarianist)QҮ˺Z(Nozick)@cWg͂ýwҼеđT÷Ҽ¡ծ÷ѽx(Liberalism)^㕵ЩˣܘoՓҼx(Libertarianism)ĹڡJxЩˣҮfzءֻáxָQԼ(͸Y{ǷNx^ǱxČӑՓ@Ҽc)縥Yܽ^Ͷ(surrender)׌ظex(Liberalism)đcJļxߊ^𡣡

PɷNxĆ}֮ᣬFځfĵּPߟoWʽҧĽ֮q@ЩgZҪɵĸxČWPߵcKμՓϵx䌍`ԡoԁҼЩҵwx·UչɣҼЩҲ·ȥ\lչ@ӴĕrgУɷNČѽx·ǸЧģ·^ƽMĴrСH˚vʷϏδ^ķsʹMҼUչɵĄӑB^ͳ(@ҲSҪ)ЇȻ̽Լİlչ·ЇxWf1998ꡰDTp@˹_f[5]SᣬЇՓϳFxcɡxFɵȸNɵՓ@MеՓ֮xݵ͹ՓҲҼЩԶґԓĻyʹՓЇĵ·xaõЧ؄eʹՓҼ㹫wJxxҪʴ_ɵĸذxȲͬɵĶӻԼcxą^e

ĵĿUlɵĸxČ`ݻ͌W磻ϵЇĬF͡xՓӑՓɸxWҼЩҪh}PԇDMʴ_طӳx^͌WòֱҪxߵϣxlĲx^صؓ

ɵĸ

@ȺSӏV韡ɸĶ˶c׷ɵČ`ʷԊӳx@YֻӑՓՓҪՓԇDNɸĶxҲՓc֮Bărֵ^׌҂ȏ^ɭPՓՄ[6]ɭՓܵĳlc@Ҽ}ҼКwY׷ʲ᣿ɭĴǡɡ߸fǡ˵Č|(substantive freedom)亭xǣxԼҕǷN|ɸ漰Ҫأ(1)x񩤩˂挦ɹԼxĸN(TԡסСxҕlՓc)ÿˏ@xӼаԼxҼMϣ(2)(capability)ǂMx̶ȸߵȡQcxӼϵĴС(3)CxӼĻӱ회@ǡеġ(feasible to achieve)@ʹĸֵͬ춡CɭJ飬˂׷ĿˡKOrֵҲurҺlչBĻ˜ʡ

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ˣ҂@ӃɷNɸ(Liberties)ڷxָ(Freedoms)ڌ|ɵxָ@ɂM·ҼӻҼԒYPԇáɡ_ǰߣáɡ_ߣĶᵽăɂӿgġP߽hҪáʽɡ_ɡ顰ʽɡc|ɡγɌȶŵPϵH@ɂ֮gPϵKˡ|ɰɶԽɡ

FMҼ취xϵɸҮڡͨū֮·(){ָ˲܏ơˌƵĠB(29)@Nɑxķ΁ϵġ@Ҽɸ漰Ҫأ(1)ʽĶxǡơɣeҡɣ(2)HPϵĶxǾcˡc/ҵPϵ綨ɵģĶҼKַ˽I(3)ΙF鷨εĳҎYڡYxcɡҼՓ(12)MҼU@Nɸărֵ^xߣ҂т˵ɣҲSfͥɣurŵKĿˡ......Ѓ׃rֵҼxҪ{ĩHPϵ漰Щrֵ@IxԵҼȣʹ漰ărֵ@Iǂ˵Ă܌WĹȸYcɭ^cԿт˵urŵKĿˣYfcɭҼ(ɵĸЌխ֮)cPϵx肀ԃȵλɭҲٝͬʹ漰ărֵY֏ص׵Ăx^ɭtPγɺá

ɸ߀԰l]õI򄝷ֳɽɡɡɡYԡɡɡɡ}vݡ

[7]UPϵӑՓNɵľwxǣɩ˽ƵɸЈCƣɩ˙(Ҽū`ˣҼ˓еę)ɩxeƶȡYvи@Ҽ}ɼ˽ƵɸЈCƣɡɵıҪl(ǳݗl)vʷҼNϵɴMKɣпܓpɡ

ᣬ棬ɵĸհ֡

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xČ`ݻɡ

SɵɸxČW֦~ïˇdrd˵xՓ֦ڴMЈҰlչ^НuMءSسLSݻxĿ˺PcҲ׃ֲ׃ĺǣҼN˵x܌W׷ͨ^ųxĸNϵKUеΡęCwJ@ҼcõkSȿxڌ`ЎʲᣬȻӑՓՓ

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ͻxՓˣӰӢx˶ܸ͂ɭ˶cȼ֮𣬂ܸɭtxSx˼댑Mˡԡ(Ҫǂ˙)x˼@vʷύµćҵQͳЄ،ˡҲӰ˷˼ҷ̩ҵ_l˷ɱR˼Óxx·Mֱ򌌣悉𠎡ͱٵȶʎ@ҼøČȣǌW߂оn}

[9]ͬҼ(1776).˹ܳˡՓ춨˹ŵ佛WĻAڕrس˽ƵɸЈCƣJxҎAߡfЈCƞɰ|ˮƽؕIҲf@NxĽWЈCƵİlչؕIxĄʼ߅ҼĂ˃ȵlJ鷨ֻǃɺȡpOӋpٸġ(evil)ҼҼ棬֏ĹxlJҵăHM˂Ҹpʹ࣬@͞Aṩɡ

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ʮox`ɫǷeOxĔUdyġ(New Freedom)_˹yġ(New Deal)ϩsdyġ(Great Society)ǎ״θ߳߷Ժ1936JPLr͹YķҎ_ʼJҼҼҎ(˺zٱUʧIUwՄйYࡢڙCĹƣȵ)@ЩÛQĻAǣ˱挦ݽFwKĞyrܵoͷ֣@ǷeOxԭtֱYyġxŤD@NOxԇDmӋAֱӹIյăA򡣡

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صxLiberalismcLibertarianismɂӢ~ķg}PδҵǡăɂXXxքe_@ɂӢ~háxָQLibertarianismLiberalism̎韩ҼccҮˡYЩBtáŵxcՠɭЩBtáeOx@ٿ_^փɷNͬɡȻϣиõg

xcɵą^ecιV߅Ʉeı^

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Yķmκμࡣx϶xߵxxWҿԞIؕIҼ棬xҲʼKΌƣKҞUչɡɈԳֲиŬ

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