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йĵ̨ԶԶԽһζɹ¡ ¶йڲϵ֮䣬һֱͨ ϰһпɱ

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һҵĸܳӢµıɱr˩r֧ߵrԱӹȿʵкͶһȨĵ һһȨžȨйĸ ¼֮ʱűĵ̨ڱԼҿʼıӰйľ÷չ ƻκ;

ƵͻйõһֱƥеĴϢԴһһЩй߼ϲ㣬ƴӳһ ʤδϷϸڡйһڹý֮ չĳһһýй¶ʱ鱨 ϸڣΪŪȨһ֡رǣýͼ׷µһҪ棬ӰһЩ

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2011 귢йԶУ޴ҵͳ ޴Ӱһ׮ʵıɱɰ߱֯һ ʤľζƿ˹

Ȿ飬Թ߹ٱͷ̨֪֮ã ǽʾ˹쵼áǼ塷 μ穵ξһȨ߰˿֯ һ漰Ƹܣŵͷȫٵķܳ ¡ܿ

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ϣⱾ鲻 2012 𾪺˹ıɱֳ꾡ļ¼Ҷй ߾߻ڲֽ֯һϼźɱ Ҳһ

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ҿЩ֪ˣȫڱʱԽӵʱıýŵڹı м˺һѷ졣ܶ಩͵Ӽýı ȱָΪ񶾵ҥԡȻҥԡ֤ʮֽӽ֮£ٷý ҥߡ

ȻýҲӱеõ˱ĽѵýͨȡϢΪѣһЩõ 쵼Ĭϵ֪ˣý Ϊ˴ﵽԵĿģЩ֪˻й¶Щٲΰʹ ƲϢܶý壬Ҳ º֤ǲ׼ȷǴϢ磬ڲʿ Ǳ˱н 2012  10 ں ɳУǺûз⣬ʽ ֮ǰ߸֪˵йֶԱ еָأֻٱѱһɸĸ뼫Ҹܵë֮һսšһйĴģĵֻٱսУýһ ĳ̶ֳٷý嶼ݲ˵Ľɫ

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ǼƵ꣬ ľŨܵɽɽĴԼ˹µ ɽһ´е ܿ֡ ͡˿ڳǧУ Ž¿Խܱ չֱϽСƵ ԽʹΪһٰ ͼɶԡٿ͸߹е볡ÿ֮Щøֲ԰Ϳɽݷοͣ 齡ڵ 11 ȴſȸƵ¥տյĴִķͿ죬 һ޴Ĳ֮ϡ˸о߽һв͹ݡŮǰ̨ԸͣµϷ ӴŵǼס۸Ŀˡ

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󣬴ɨ๤ע⵽1605 Ŀ 춼ûţоܲͷͱ˱ܡ ûӦ绰û˽ӣֻÿŽȥǸ ڴϡƵ꾭˾ϵ˵ҽԺ

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ǰܶࡣǸ ˣҰԵһͬµֻ˶Է ϲ˹

ǵ̣ͨܶûԱ¶й ֳոձְ򸯰Ѿڽڲ 顣Ҹеš˾쵽ˣҡǰٷ֮һ׼ȷ

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һ˵¹ݽݼʽƣ ӻѰݼʽƣôȻĻԣйʷ û˵

ԼҲʶһĻ Ӵ΢ɾˣһСʱԺȥȻ һɾԺܶ˶ԣ˾ٱЩطԱȾ˷磬֪Ǻá

ӣ⧲ڸ߲쵼˷Ȩ⣬δóһ취֮ʱԱһʱʴӡǵȴָʾò׼öʲôָ ʲôǵĳٶۣʹøۺ©Ϣˮ ӿ硣йϷб΢͸¶ ɷ˳ɶ٣֤ʵפɶѰ ӻ2  8 賿ץ 6 Ĵʡ ֱ˫Ӻ֤ʵ׼ȷġ

ýפ縣˹·͸硢ŦԼʱ ֮ȣ򱱾ʹ֤ϸڡ2  8 磬ʹŷ˵.Ȱƣ Լֲʺ϶Ѱα֮·ۡ2 8 ҹýǿѹ֮£Ժά .ŦڻʢȷϣȷǰҪפɶ¼棬Ȼ󡰰ԼԸȥŦܾ ǷѰαӻۡ

¼Ĳףڶ֧ߵɣǲţһߣӢۣᵽ Ѱαӻһ΢һڲϢ˵ ڵȦףˠƷһ汾 ¹ݣμһķ 顣

2  9 գ֪˸ͲѶ˴ ϸںͷĶƣѾձ鲻 Źٷý壬ԺϢΪȡձ ıŶȸߡ֪Խǽʹű йͬϵѾѧúý ȥӰۣͨýṩڲţ ԼĶѿյϢһȫǿɿġ кܶӹĳɷݡ¼ں еչϢ֤ʵģǽӽʵġ

2  9 ϣѶϵһƪ£һλϢ ʿ˵ġӡҿ˸
ѶϢʿ͸¶ 6 սڵѧУ ϯױϽפɶ¹Ѱαӻ
Ϥйݷ 24 Сʱѹ 7 8 賿ĿǰѺһܵص㡣 ڣ鱨Ա뽻̸͸¶˴ йĻΪȺзʩѹзȫܵص顣
ݳʱԹԱ˵ҪͱƣҪѾתƺ⡣
˽⣬Ŀǰӹȿǳţȿ ޷˯ߡ

Ѷıʱ̨ɽԶıѱŻ̬ȣϷԵдƺǴӺ ĶƬġҾ̫޷͵ɵ㣺 ʲôأһȫĹֳ¹ȥѰ ӻйôܹӹʷɳӰ ݰΧ 24 Сʱ벻κ֤Ѷ һϵ˳Ծ¼ǿŵġڵ绰źŲãδ ܼʱȥʵɵء ֪˲ϽйͱϢҵĵ 䣬ҿʼţĴ󲿷ݶǿŵġ

2  12 գһ˵ְĵڶдµĹţڶຣվϷ贫


ҸȫĹ

ҿŵʱһѲʧ ȥɡȫһһеԭ򡣹һҲϣαӱټ ȥļ鳼⽫йδ Һѡ

ڡ־ȫΪͼ볣ί 㡣ǱġĻרϣĺ˳߲һֱǿȰڵ¼ ֶΣΪɸֲ¡вӣº ִá˵ǿǣһմ˭ĽŵסĺϡѰ ±һ˵ļ¡Ը񣬵 йϴǲݵģΪﵽĿ᲻ֶΡųʵʼ̰ɫݼ˴ƣ ˡй˴ϣйط٣ Ҳίҹڹʱڹź𲽹ҲϣܹЩгһճ顣

嵽˼£ĸŸףԴֵܽúͶԴǰ޾ͿԿΪ߲嵶磬ҲԸΪˮʱȻ ˾ץвҡʿɱ裡ұʲôӢۣԸΪѪԸΪôһ ¹ᣡһԸ¶ΪйٵôһлҰ ļ׳һУ


2012  2  3 

 1996 ܹӰĻίУ ദʮ죬ɷĹ 19 硶Ѫ꡷ ˵ʶһε˳ãǶ ˳ڵˮУ˵Ҿǵٵһǣûζʱµϣ ˵˭Ь¡

ʶʮ˴֮ǰһδ𼴽١Ҽһʱעйڲ ӿ֤ʵ֮󣬳й׷ ٱ




Ѫꡱ

ѧţ 1700 ǳɼ˼ֱӺᡣʱڣϲҫԼ 13  ɥɹʿĺˡ

 1959  12  26 ɹŵİɽһ ληëͬһաë쵼Ĺ 1949 ȡʤͳй 27 ꡣ ֮ʱһҵرֽ ĳʱʹһֻë󶫵
һֺӿĳϼУƶغȽȽ ʱɹŰɽ£һк׹ءɹ˸ иϰߣ졢ءʱȻڡǣĻ׽ĸף˸ɫ ֣ڶض˼ǡʿһһ СڶϮԶɼ˼һ۷磬СͿʼϰ

˶ʲôɹʿ˵ġɣ һλʦͲд֣ɹᡣλʦȥʮйעְҵ·Ϊ Ȼɹţȴǰٷ֮ٵĺˡйһ 塣ЍȾסڶʡ 1978 ȷɹŴͳгɾϣһġ ʮʱдǺ塣

ΪʲôԼĺĳɹأλɡʦԼĲдϵйʮĽ 1992)жԡͯһλ˵ ˡΪȡϸý쵳ԲŽ Ϊɹ塣

ɹҲã ҲգȷɹŴͳгɳġ ʮʱ ѡɹȭĶӣոǿ1977  бҵ ɹɽҵֳһ Ժ˾ͯ һλС˵һֱ뵱һ١ڲפڶһ 300 ˿ڵĳڼ䣬βμϸѧԣϣܽһ Уδܿϡ1982 ֮꣬һ꣬ ҵֹФ˻顣ĸº 밲˼ңͨڲӵɲ ҵֵõһݿ˾Ĺ

ľĿʼ 1984 ꡣعļ ΪΰӶӳʮ־ľ°֮࣬ һˣڽֵͿɽʩ֮Ѳߣ ά1984 ꣬ؿɽһλѰܸ ֳָйֿʼƸʱλֳƼȥӦƸûҪĴѧƾ Ǳ¼ˡ

28 Ϊʡй ɳڳе϶ˣٺͰ ʮֲⱡεһǰһλε⵽Ϯģһֱûץܿ ϵһƪ£ֵκһ 龰
һ죬ֵҹ࣬ͻȻ绰һɭ ʣʶ³ ³վһ𣿡˵ǹֱվtlѰҴͽӰ ֱͽҲû¶󵨡ȴ 

ӴˣΪһ¸ηľ ɳ£ıҵʱ ڹص׷͵ĵطװԶϵͳʱһɳͼϵĵƾˣɾϳ

֮ڣϽĵﷸʴ½ٷýƣƻ 281 𰸼ץ 1600 ӣϱΪȫʡ1991 ꣬һɳ ɴס¾ʮŻļ¼ 1992  1 £衰йʮܳ񾯡ƺš ڱڼ䣬ܶй߲쵼˽ӼӱһΪ빫ֳָʱķ ʮֲǿеҹܻᡢȺͲ͹ݣթȸֹǹʱзŻ ʮֲ¥߷ըҩҪЮԱ ܶũ޹ɴ򣬱ơԡͷŹؾ񱻺͵ƦŪÿ಻ԡ

ΪһµҪٴ룬 1994  9 ·˴Żﷸսۡһ 40 ˵ר飬һ칫¥ʱηѺɷ 40 ʱ ƻ 800 𰸼 86 Ż й 923 ˡУ7 ׷д̡ 19 ڲԱиΪ뷸ӹ 򱻽ְ

ܶ෨רңɹʦ ɣһսۼ̤ϳֶ ЩδǡҶսʾ⣬Ϊ Ķʿдһ顶 桷¼Ӣ¼һ߳ ܻͷĿ
ڶ룬Ա棬˵Ѵ̽ Ϣ׼ӡʾ󣬾ǰж 쾯ԱֱݴƵ꣬Լһ¥ ԱϢҡҷ˽¥ հѰԴ̽ͻʳؽܻˡһ֪˭𣿡һ ηѣֵˡʣΪʲôֵأ˵ѽ

һͷĿξǸָ֡Ҫץķ ѸˡºõϢξǱסˣͲԼĹ˾Ϊֹ© ֻһԱȥ׷Ǹϵ˾ʱһ ϳξġ¡505 γξҲ㿪ܣҧסۿҪ ׷ˣȻһסĳӣξԷ ۶ȥֱð𡣵ǺξܳûжԶϨ˻ӣȥѺξקһ ָ֣һǹµӢۣ˶Դ 20 ӣξ סҪأˣһȭںξͷϣڵء ǸξץҲѪ˿ڡ

¸ңΪI˶μνѫ׺˾ 1995 ꣬μȫӢģŵѲݽ ķս۵ĻԻͳɹ죬ڱ õϯ̨ʱطԺþץ ĺͷĿ̡һҹٷֽ ϢķӦ
ǹڴõķһʹϯ̨վڴõӦͨ˸ ֧ӳƵĵ绰ϼ˵ֳţڱеĸˡžһǹ죬ӵ绰ﴫ˹ǹ мͷ죬룩ȺԷش 20 ׳ Ĵֺίйǰأ·дˡɱߣĹԱĴ ־ڡ

йְڼ䣬иºţӡڶУζͺֱˡ˵һ 鹲µľ˵Ҫҽ ڳֳʱֺףǿֺ׻ᡰӰ ʹһˮ߸õʬ塣

ݵý참˽ĵʮϵһƪ˵ͻϮһΪԽ ӷ֮صסոӷӵ ˹ǹڶ׼ӷԴʱȴû п۶ðΣȥԭ һС䶯ڰӷˤڵƷ֮˵ ֪ĺӾ㣬ǹŻ˺ӡ

һ˵ǸĺͷĿץ֮ һڣҲУŪѶ޷ȡý չ֪󣬸ѶԱץҲץϡ쵼ͬ ⣬вصΪ ȡؼչ˺ӡͬʱǻ רŹ˻ʦ䱸רŵĳߣרΪһ ڱ򶯣С̳ǰ Ϊһװϣ˵Ҳ ҲҪһ

¼ıһ 19 ĵ硶 Ѫ꡷1999 й½ӳ뵽飬һ ұֽԼĵһӡ󣺡 ǰʱһ ͻĸоӱСˣһΪĸ һΪ ǿ

һʼǼƻ ھа ģܶ˾ʡ˵ ǸԱϷݡΪ̵һ֣ɷʮ죬μһ ж˵
⼪գԿǰСļճǳиԣӡšй¾ 족֣ǳֱʣΪרr ϼװ˰˸̽յƣǰĸĸֲָĿҰУżؾ֪ˣ ֻһݣͣҲ٣ڳ ﱻߵͷ˫ֽλ֣ĳѸϡк˼򵥵ĲãǷͷȡӦһͷͣһСǰŮ ģȥ˵ʹһʽһȾŻƷСƷڵأɾ Ѳ顣һұȽϹ淶ķȣڡ 衱ŮҲǵĹԱΪǵҵɣԸճˣ˴ߣ ȾëĲʲôˡ

ߵĴս۴Чٷͳʾķʴ½һλ˵ ڵֳӵЩв ¸ڹˣƦѹթ´ץ ĵƦҪϳͣҪѶеǮ ͳֳ⳥һܹĹ˵ һҹ°ͽؼңи򿴳Ͻ ŹҪһƴһߣף ߸һֳʮ

йٷǿŵģĹ£ ķҲܿǱý塢֧Ǽ İ汾ɷϵǣĺܶնȷ ǳ羴ġ360doc.com վһƪ£˵Լ ˣγİȡ

Ժ᷸ŻĴģҲʹúܶ˶ ֮ǡҪǮͷв˵Ҫ ŮԼĲдһξýõĻսǣͬ־ǣˣҪᣬ ҪˣְҵζŠ

ĵ˲Ǻ᣻ͬм䣬Ҳ кܶ鷳Ǹĸֳ

1999  3 £ԭŹ״ ֳĽγײ˰򡪡 Ϊͳ˿ָŹֺ ֤ͥݲŹһߡĸº Ѷ̣һڽֱץĸŮ ٴαϷͥһҲΪ֤ݲأίɼίԱȴӵţָ Ѷƹָػ͵׼䷢µĹֱĸºϴԼ²ŷ

´̽׽ѺǰλֳָЩŵĻˡַģǰļ

 2002 ף졣һڡ ȫ磺2002 죬Ϊй ֳʡ֮ΪָרŸ ̽ڡ̽ǸͳУȥץͺӡ;͵ʯͣɾ޴󾭼ʧķŻ

ָδжз֣Щڶ֯ڵͬʱѰκͷɱӻͨ͸ߵ Ǯֶδ¸£ɲɾʹ ΪڶıɡЩΪﹲıͬ ֱӲ뷸ЩУǹķǹķ ڵڣ˵ķˣƵơع ֳԼġͺӡֵܱţץʱ ܡ֮⣬ԱҲܻ¸׬ǮĽͬ йϵĹ˾

Ϊ˳׸һ˾ رר飬չڲˣڳ˰ ϵĹԱʱ̽йֳָɳ ֧ӳΰƳȡһˡڹ㿪ʼжԸ ˣ̽϶֯һ ͷĿ221  һ򾡡

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ЩȨƵĹϵš2003  5 £ʡйֳλ뿪˹ 22 һƻ° 8300 𣬴ɽ 3 ǧһݣһ 300  ģĳСں󣬾ͷһ׮ֲ ɱ 5 ǿɱ˰ﷸĸ ǿŮ̵ɱˡ ǧưɴ˰ʼư󵹖λ ơ53 һǰƵķ˱׽ס С7  23 磬ίٿư йԱ磬ټйȫԱ һᡪ׷ᣬ13  ʧְְΪܵ֡Уﷸס ־ֿɳһ񾯱˫ ְǣﷸɳ 100 ףȫ 11 Է˵Ʋûн ÷־ֳָҲְֵܴľ첻ɱ ؾίͨáܿͳΪ ڶ굱ѡΪг

зζǣ뻹ǽݣ Ѻľ죬ߺܿͻָ˹ ĸƻѲͽςvΪһλԸĽЧʣҲֹˡĺΪĴʩ̫ˡ

2008  6 £йָ ӽݵһйĴֱϽ֮һ˵ ְҵĵһ̱




ڡ

죬;ʼƽơһ 300 ˿ڵĳУһ 3200 ˿ڵĴУ֮ڣ ̨ףӹֳֳָٵг

еһģ˭ ͱ֮ǣߴţҷкü໥ìܵ ˵һϸڣ˽ⱡĹϵԼ յľѣǺܹؼġ

һձеİ汾˵ 2007  עģʱӹȿ˰Ǧ ÿõҩңҪҵҡ ҲǱ򸾵ѣϵΪ ԭ͵ĵӾ磬ʹʱѺպ £û˰˱ ˽˾İ֡2008 ꣬ҲǱ Ϊί֮һ꣬ԺⱵе ģΪʱĹֳεһšȿסǸսԱû ҪԼŶӡǿƼ

һڹкӲϵҵΪί ͱ֮ʽǣˡ ߻רŽǷһ顪2002 ꣬ӵӢۣڽݴͺӡս Уͷ˺üѡι֮ ˳׽ĸǡش±䶯뾭 ͬ⣬Ǹҵ˵û׼ô ȵǸܵġ

ôϵģĹԱǶ˵ һļϡ˽º͹ĳϣ ҵ¸ҡһ·˵ĶӶԣ 񣬺һԹ̫ӵһܹΪ һһ£ǻῴҫ ġ

۵ġһйֳָŸ º󣬱ȻûʳԣΪֳ

Ҳûʧڵһչһ 顱װһ⳵˾˽˸ ؾ̸йطһҲڷʵ ЩͷǷĲѾɳܽ ĵط

2009 63 һ磬һ  44 ڻ ;бǹ ھӶԾ ݣһ  ķͣסһ С ƾС ݾĵ 飬 з ǰơΪ ߲һͽɱһ¼ȫţԱİӹսرС ץ߻˰ǹİˡ˵ ڹΧṩ 50 ¾ ˽ͶĲˡҪ˱ º󱻴ӿأǳġư ɹװ죬ɽ˵˺üǷľӹڶЩжʾ ļָ֧֣ʾȫз𡰴ڳжһξϣе Ҫɽ֮ƣһ籩

Ĵսۣμӵ 329 ר顣ý屨˵н 5 ǧ˱ 3273 ˱ ߡͥо 520 ˣ65 ˱̻ͽ̡ͬ ʱɹƻ 4172 һֱδƵİӣ 128 ڶŻһƤ飬Ա ṩһСö֡ý֣ ˱ĲԪϣǵģһξֳ ίսȫΧвǵκ 档

ڴսУ˾ڲЩ˵Ǹ ﷸ๴ˡǴĵǺᣬǾ ˣȺӸӸܣҲΣգý ˵֮⣬һ䣬һϣ ϰ಻ãӵһ֪ͨ
߽ңſڱȫװľš ǿеѪζվڽ̨ϣһ ϵ˴඼ǻ쵼ܻΪͬ оᡣÿеһ֣ Ȼ㱻ˡ˱ ֳ

 2010 ף 1 ǧԱ򸯰ܺ Ȩ⵽ָأܶ༶ܸߵĹԱ߼ԺԺΣݼԱ˵ǰ ִо־ֳСڵȺڼɱ

˾ֳǿĴк䶯ȫǿڹϵͳ 38 ꣬ԭйֵί Ǻͳ񸱾ֳꡣзζǣ ǿͬ˫ǿ 1956 ꣬ƶ ĴˣСڵɻ1977 ꣬λ ݵĴѧԺҵص統񾯡һ ǣǿҵҲʮͶ룬η38 ͱΪ йֳָˡΪƻ˴Ҫù ཱºͽ2000 ꣬ڱΪﷸӢ ۣǿҲΪƻžΪϾ쵱 ˳ơйһˡɱħžͬݺ 졢ϡϡʡУ˼ֵ 600 ҵ鱦ֽɱ 28 ˡȻȫдѲ ˸ֱܵž˶ˡ

2000  9  1 գžͬںϳµһ ǰٳһ˳ɱװ Ա֦΢ͳǹһĿ߰˱ ʹ˲òߣžһ⳵ ǹ˾ˡ֮ǿҲڼѹ ֮¡žɱ˲գۣǿȴܶΪӢۣ ɱĶ̰ٶмӡ ЩŮѧд ȥš

ǿо׷ žѴꡣ ˳ٰںǿȫ Ը ԶһСҵžĲ֮ Ůһ ץڰžˤڵ֮ǿһֻŷ·žϣһƬ2001  4  21 գžִ̡һС˵ҰǿĴд һ飬ǿȫ˸֪ȡ

ǿһԴﷸĴӢۣ 2008  6  26 աйоŻСһɽݶǿռ 16 Ĺֳָλӣǿ ˾ֳֵһԱ˵ڽӽʽϣ ǿ𽲻֣˶Եľ ֧֡һڹڳϼѺáڰв߻ǿ˵ǿڰͷĿ ϵܡж˵Ĺ¡Ҫ³çǿǰίǵĺˣ˵Աп

2009  8  7 գʼжɳڱһϴǿѺϷɻɻ죬ʰȫװľȺڻѲǿס ˵Ժ±߷ϴŵǧ ҡ֮ļڹṩϢϣ غȫֽһϵʻɫǿ һ̸ֵΪṩɡһ ƪ˵ǿϯһλͷŮɶԣ һǮһƪ˵ǿҪ¼һ ǴŮŮӣһ־ 10 Ԫǿĵϱ ץǰѱ͹Ѻ˵ΪӪĳͷ ƷΪһɫ 16 ӳ䵱 ū

ýȾıǿҹߣЧ ֹǿڱЩɽǵиԤͼǿ ָܻ¸ߴ 1200 ԪǿŮѧ2010  4 £ڱ˸º󣬷ͥоǿ̡Ӻ͵ϱ ܻ¸Ƿĳṩ 18 ꡣ

2011  7  7 һ磬ǿηﱻ˽ѣ ֪Լձ̡ڸӼʱ󼸾仰ְֽΪԼҪ ᡣһʵˡ˸ǮҪܡܶΪǿв֮˵ġ磬ǿ ע䶾봦磬е᳡װ ǻҵϴȡߡ

ǿѸ٣Ϊٶȡ ˵ǿһأĳЩָأ ˵ǿһλΪ˵ŮˣΪ˹̶ġǿһʼܾĶ Ӿʮ¡Ѷڼ䣬ָʹΥɳ 򣬶ǿѶƹ2012  12 £һұֽ¶ǿԺ·ֵֽ¡

ǿ쾯ȫΡһ˲ѵġڲ˳ơ߸УΪʤλ򲻷ľ͵ʡǵ ʧ󡱣ϴԡ˺ Ѻ˽ 1800 졣쾯ӸƵɲ ȫ͵ְ3 ǧλ¾Ƹ˻ᣬ 쵼ְλϰ˽ 70 ȥڶͬ£ Ȩ

һƻǽѲλϲ ÿ콫 800  1000 ŵȥʵо 3 ڵ ﷸֳһƻʹΪȫѲĳ ֮һ

Ϸĩһƪ˵
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2011 ꣬졣1 £ѡΪȫ ˴5 £Ϊгܶ йĹ

бҵûжѧһƾ ĹȣĽ̶Ǹƣ跨ֲ дӵһѧ䷢Ĺ̹˶ʿѧλͨһĺڽĿʲôݴѧõģ ڻѧУȴûн 2004  2006 굣νݸгڼ䣬˶ƾѧ EMBAѧλѧһλ˵ EMBA ѧλûѧ ֵΪǸĿΪѧտġλ ˵ЩѧλЩҪѧλֲĹԱ˵ġ

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ĸԼһѧ;ٵ ڽܡĴƱĲɷУ˵Ҷ֪ʶ 侴ءĻйִ¥һӣΪĶңٴ緹ʱ࿴顣

ΪԼĻ˵ݣ鷨ͻ滭¹й鷨Ǻܶ߹ٵİãǿ лʱȡܶ˰鷨ҵװ Լ칫ҵǽϣӪһָŲ׵ķΧݹٷý屨ƣ鷨Ʒʡлõ һˮīһҲչڰ칫 ϣëд֣ǩļʱһ÷֡ܿ죬ͬҲʼѧӡ칫ִ¥ ǽϣֱʵɼ

˵кܶϰԣٷڱʮָаġи˵ǣؼҴԿ׿ţ ΪáԿ׿ţסùݡ壬 ţǼҡָоǾԲһġ дһ簮Ůĸף˵ȥ蹫ʱ 뿴ƶδԸΪæŸŮ ȥˡ

һĹ˵ִʱһ Ск԰ѺӽŵģĲ£ ѺӴؼϡºӵļ죬Ǻ ӶԸ뿪°ְˡ

ЩµĹ»Щ²û ڹϵͳڲ󣬺ܶྯ춼Ϊ ר衣

2009  7 £콼һλ죬ǹС һؾýıҪ쵼Դ˸𣬲ɷ˵ȫְ

2010  7 £һλ緹Ϊû֤ ʱţ˸˵ СĹ͹ǣλٱᵽһ Сɳְ2010  8  30 գڳ緹ʱ ɧ˵ЩĻԱߵһͬ °ǵ̸¼һں ˶˽ְ

ھ˿־塣з漰 ʱ򣬴һҪԷֻĵжԷ¼ Ҳἰ֣˵ʱá ڡĸ W 档

Ϥڰ칫һĸ¹ڲ ʳ¥ֻ죬ѿ ҿڼϣûԳ 򵱳ְ

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һ£ýΪͷĿṩɡ ؽС 300 죬һ 24 Сʱӡ ڹѺڼ䣬ϱλ쵼򣬵䵱ֹýܾϣͱϻ ϣζ­ˡý˵һѴһֻһֻǽϣƴԩ ֡

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ΪƲĹٷý壬Ҳר ĠƷرҵ´е£ ýʱҲͻƼޣһЩ͹ κǲ̵ġ 2010  10  йֵίĽУ˵
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һλ绤ʦͶظڴڹУ ʹ˼֤α֤ݣȫķѧм Ȼ

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12  12 ҹׯڱ쾯ץ콫Ѻ졣ׯ д
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ׯһе˸ںߣѺԶĿ·վ˾졣P˵ ԡźϲҫ϶ӭʽʹ зڵ˹УƸ˷רѯ귨ɷĿӡ

2010  1 £ׯмԺͥׯ ͽ룬ʦʸע篡Pߡ ڶУׯ뷨ͥϣͽ 18 ¡ ʱP칫ԱƭǴӦ ͷԼڱŰ² ġ

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ׯؽǾò˵ ȥռׯ֤ݡºPٴߣǰׯϺһ ֤ׯ뷨ͥʱһȺ ĵȺڡԷԡظߺвʦ ѹԺȱ֤ݳ 飨ΪׯĴ Ѷ΢ϷһϢ
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º󾯲˷飬ȥͽһꡣݷ ʦ˵ȥͽ̵һࡣ

 2009 굽 2011 ꣬Ժļ˵ôս ҵ磬ϷӪҵϺġǩ ᵽϣˣϹ˶ʱը˴ ֪ԡڡ ûȫʲҪԸĻԽУ˵2011  5 £µһλΪ 칫ֵһѧѧλ ټصҵҵ֡ᡱȻǮʱλ¹ÿ 3 ǧԪļ ʽСٸƶʮֳݶͳվ ˵ʮУվְλȫɵǮˣһΪ˱ȫԼҲԼ ĲƸʣµ˻˵ɵúá

ݡʢʱı칫û׸֮һʲԪƯ ⡣аλйļҵ ֮¡

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ͬʱָضŮַΪ2010 ꣬ Ϊ˸ĸ칫֯һѲ֧ӡԱ 80 ŮУҵɣƽΪ 24꣬ƽΪ 1.70 ףʻľֶֽγ Ƶľͥļַ˰Ů ١⣬2012  4 £һ ƣڼ繤ڼǿһŮ졣ǸŮ УǵطԺڶ £ܾһ

2011 ꣬ԭеһ˵ƺս޲ ʤģ͡бͦ˭ ׼˭¡

ƺȨޣڶྯ졢 Աҵ⵽˲Ʋʱĵ̨Ҳǲ ˡйһԣ벶ȸں󡣡






2011  5 £Яиг ֪г޶ʵȨί ίǲе߾߻ءڱϷ ǰΪԼۣ߹ιġ ս۳ɹչѰǵȻٰЩĵͨġͨѶ

ĸ߹ٻеԡڡս۷һЩ϶Եۣǲ˻Ƿǳǵı жܻᷢչȫΣǼ˵ҵ档 2011죬 5 ǧ˱ܺ˵Ⱦ߲ͶߣЩ̱ƹûղƲϸڡܶ Ͷҵ˱ǰΡι㶫ʡίǵ 󣬺ίǺعǿΪܶ౻ࡢѺ 򴦾ĹԱͺعǿȥ»ͬ¡ λ߹ٸеΪѺΪΪ̫ǿˣ ԶԸֻоصȴʱ

2011 ꣬һˣмίӵһЩ ţ淢Ųùһ˵ 빫ֳڼ䣬һ 45 ԪĽԤ 䲻

عǿ׼˶Դµĵˣһǽġ˽רͬºѡΪ ѾԶ룬ҪԤôסѵ ˳ܴмίӴ© һ΢ľ棬׷˱ ζʱͻ˼СǽʿһԳ Ϊɽ𻢡ûϵǡɽ ᡣ

2011  6 £һѸȥ绰˵Ժ𡰻ˣйֳǰȾ ˡһǸݶйֳܻ¸ Ųй°칫¥ָءһ ١ȫѺʵ׷ߡ ʼ顣

ְ칫¥ļලƵģ ʩߺ 2003 ſʼġͱ ĹԱһٱ֤һİӣǣ浽 Ǹе̤ʵЩŵ ܵæʱԽеġ

ȻȻ뵽ʦ˽½̸У Ĺǡ̫ӵڱ㣬 ȫͨĹϵֹ밸ĵˣӶŤת棬ͬºѡ˵ñǷһ顣 ľƽģΪͱһмίҪѡ

֪ǣΪͷϢʿ˵δΪԼƽƽͬºѡڱУǸҹҪǱ մϿܻ볣¡ˣ һֱδŵ

ĮʹʧڱĻг ˰ѽ鿴ñֵ֮ܽҪҪԼû ̳ͬºѣΪ֤Ӱ ڼͬʱѱľܾǶ䲻 źš

2011  7 £мίĸܵ˽ܹġ ˱ȴ޳ĪΪͬʱý ƪڸ߲쵼Ӳıԡڡֻһʴ еĺܶ˿ܶĴս ۲֧֡Ӵˣƶɡһͬ˵ صʧ֢ѩϼ˪ǣ һ֧šݳһӻңһ ֳίûϯʹʶĳ ȱٱ߲֧֣ǰ;ҲԤƵ ôаա˵˽Ҳڷгһգ ԼսǵķΣ볣ʱܻܿеĹƵͷϣʹΪ еҪұɡԼǰ;ԼӶ 60 λԱѡ

ǣʼ߲ͬ﷢չϵʱѡǿһڱ̫ӵ˵ǿ 2004 ʡίǵʱй 

ǿԼ߲ԱԱͱ˵ ̬ԽеУ֪һ㡣֪˵а μƻĶ̸¼ѴŴ͸ ˸߲бС

һ̸Уʱйϯα ܵĺ׵ۣǰϯǴġִ ̫󡱣δϯϰƽǡϰЩ̸ǲ ķ޷ȷȻԱЩϹΪ ɶ˱߲ͬĹϵҲ˸߲Ա ı۵Ȩƶϡ

11  15 գӢ.֮һϣý 2012  4 ıһ ˼վƵܾĵ绰ͻٸϵֳ򵥵ؼ һºµʬ塣ǵǸˣָ ĸ˴˰ӾƵ귿ռ֤ݣ Աóɱӹȿ ˣ£Աڸ˹ȿ뺣֮ǣҵԺ󣬾ȿݷã Һ֤ܲ˵֪ɱˡΪ˱ȿԿ һرӡ11  16 գй϶ µǡƾ˵µ׽һöǣµʬûннʾͱˡмίһ ˵֮ǰӺʬܳȡһЩ ѪҪְһѪؼҴš

һ֪˵˵ʼȿʩ ѹԱֹͣмίĵ飬Լ ѽѣΪԼڸǡԺ֮ԵĻرȿ˳ӵشӦˣɷҪ ܾˣҶ̰еջ𡣺û ˵ʵѾӦҪ

2011  12 £ֹȿѡͬʱм ίѾ˶밸ĵ飬ƽطԺ Ϣʹɥؿмίĵô˰ʶȿѾ޷ ұҪóµķؾ档

סһλ˶¶2011  12 £ԼװһˣλڹݵӢ ¹ǩ֤ѯαӻĿԣ¹ݵû λ˳ƣǴڲһɿԴ һϢģ֪¹ûб¶Լʵݡģл ӢµһѰӻש

12 Ѯȿҵֳָ֤ݡȿĶ ʮջ𡣵֮Ĺϵʱ һѣѹȿıɱµ˱ʹ ԼסжϣҪ󣬰 ѣίίݷͥļ ȥ֮ǰԼļƻļ ĸǴİֵܣԶЧ ףСʦ

1  28 գйũųٵһ죬 ͱ档й¶ı֤ ʣ˹ȿ뺣֮ǣ֤ݣ ˵СԱΪLѹȾݽ ְ档Ϊ˱ǰ;˵Ը ﱡƽҶԣѾ˽ˣ ֤ݱӵΪǳ񡣻 ʱ˵ܸл١ ѣͱ̸еá˳

һߣȥӺʵһϢݱ ȿʸڷԼ£ݺıɱ˵ζʩѹҪԱ ѣίίиıһλá

ڶ죬͹ֳָ칫 ̸ڼ䣬ַǡĻ쵰 ָ𹫰ֳıݺӣͬʱҲݺ⣬ŭһȵϣ ȥ뿪ʱѪ

˵ľٶ𾪣һеܴ衣йĻУǶһϵð ǵ¼ֳָ档

һλԱڽܵ绰ɷ˵
΢Աˣ̫ ôԴʮɡ𽥽Լ ҵĵΪԼһӢ۵ ϧëһϧԼԱĶ⣬ һǿӲɹźӣһµ衣
һ˾ӣǶʵһѡ ԼǱһʧȥֵ׸ʱ򣬾ͻᱻһ߿ɵϱ˵Ĳ һϵһҲˡ

뿪칫ҺС .֮ռ ȡ֤֤ԣƱ.Ѫȹؼ֤

һԱڷ֤ͥ˵
1  29 գҺɡ칫ң ǰѡ1115ڡǻ˺üʱ˾ڡҡɺֿܣҪ ȫĵط

֪ʱͱȿˣȻҲЩڣӦ Ŀġ

ԱʶǶԸίǣһλ йӰǽѺıɱ Ȼ񶨣˵Լмƻ

ΪһĹɾɲʧȥ 28  ȡõһСǿѹǼǶĳͷŭ ͹ȿдһǸţЧҡ Ƶϣ˵Լͱĳͻ мġǣǸŲûиı䱡 Ŀƺܿͱòתˡ

1  30 գټλ쵼˸飬 ֳһְͼг淫ʾ 飬ǣֱϽйְֳҪɹ ׼ûȰ棬ش֪ ô1  31 գ֪ǰ ֳ򸯰ܱ 12 ͽ̣û 980 Ԫ߿ȥͬ± 16  14 ꡣ

ڶ磬ټһίί飬ٵιֳ丱гһְ ˵ҪϤţԱΪеҵ׼Ʋ⣬Ҫ븯 йصĵˡһСʱλ߸ͨ绰 Ϣй¶ҡ

2  2 գίֳĹ Աͬʱ˱ָɵ. һĸͥļʾǿȵԱ篻ȿ溣°йص֤ݣǩ̹飬 Աӵָء ϣдЧšɾܾڻǰӺʬȡѪѪȾ͵˱ һѵı֪󣬰ץ Ѻ˽һ¡

Ҳ 2 ³˰˾ ԱǽѶϤ ĹԱ͵¼˽̸ԼԱŮʿԼ¼񡣱ʶڰи 

2  4 գϷĩһλߺȡϵڽܵĴѰȷϡ򵥵ػش𣬡 ɵġʣ˾ǷѾ ˵˭ʹ˭ˡ˵绰

мίһϢԴ¶Լ߹ԱѺ֮Ըһλ֪ʵ мίξдţ溣ıɱ࣬ٱȥתʲͨ£ мίżġףһʵ ٱţҲţ׾ܹӡдúؿרݼĵ˱

ƻһ˱ıǿ˶ξֳίһڲϢԴ˵ڱһЩȰȥˡǾ һž޴Ȩϵõġ Ǳϸ棬ܻܿȥԼ ܹѺһʧӰݡ

۵ġΡ־ƪƣڱ пܹĬ¹ݵļƻҪ һ¶˽һЧġҲΨ һķʽƪδ֤ʵ£ǿһλҵĻ йһ˱ʵǣһλֻ ҵİԾȣõ

һʱ򣬱в߻˶ ׷ɱһλԱĻ˵ һһ ʿǹһǷŻ жıΪڶΪܹ Աί˵Ĳ֮Ծо񲡡Ϊְѹ ֢ɱѡУ񲡵Ĳ߻õ ޳ɡ

֢ɱй쵼мΪձ顣 ۵ġձ˵ 2003꣬ 120 λԱ ڱ˫桱ڼɱйҡʿδ δɱ2009 ڲдί ǡɱˡԱ˫ڼȻûȻ عȻʬȻɱ˫桯Ƿǳ ɫشȻĲ岻ס

˷ǳϤھ񲡲켺һסȨ ֯ƣʱڣ 1300 ˱ؽԺЩѺڽ̻һϳֲͬߣܶ ͨգϣԱĴж򹫹ƻ۶

2  4 գϳһǰ칫ֳ ľ״飬Դƺǽžҽѧ ҽԺϳƣ϶ԸԺСҽ ͸¶ѹ󣬳˯߲㡣ڸ߶Ƚ״̬ ҹҹص˯ҽΪ˼ˣ ̸ʱȱᡣ֢ ʱ 2  4 գְԺ󣬼ҽǩ֣ Ҳ޲롣һԺҽԺ湫Ӧϳ߹ һ顣

ҽԺķ˿ûֹǵƲ⡣ڽܲɷУ һλݵʷѧҡĶɽ˵
ԭˣ֪ Ӣۣڴڵм˴󹦡Ȼ ί쵼½еģǶǴ Ӣۣǿ͹ϣĵȷȷܵ˷ĺܴ ѹйǺܸӵģЩڶ 䱳ıɡǼǺģһֱЩ Ҷ֪ġһ־޴ѹڵ £гϳһЩϢֳһϵ Ĳܳʱ䣬˯žrԼ աòҽҩҲԣ¶r˵ҪҲȷʵҹĺשͷr ߵĺܶҪ·ʻһЩĳƺŶģ

Ϲо񲡵ıʼΪ ġеҽڣӪһַΧʹԵǸ⡣ٺ͸ж Լ




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йŴĽ;սԼ˵ʮƣ Ϊϡټң֪ӵﶼᱻ ץѾлͻվΪԾȣ Ա֮֮ʼͶڳɶ ¹ݡ

зζǣʹݺ¹Ѱѣ йѾãȺӣȺˡй ڹ˶ʱڣܶＤҵֳ ߣǱ׷ʱȴϵܽӢ Ѱ£Ѱӻ߶ܳɹΪ ֺ£ֱӸԤĻð

 1949 йȡȨ󣬴 뱱Ͼ⽻ϵ˰еκϵ70 йϹ˵.ͳ˱ ɶδʹݺ¹ݵĸбȺʿֻһ·ۣ Ӣ֮£¹ݡĸʼ Сټ˼⵽췴1967  1  15 ˼˼ӵۣ¹ݵİ ֻӵǲȷõӻģܶ˱ ۸ץסǲͻش½һ󣬱һλѧԪװһˣʹݡȻʱչϵȾ ѣʹݻǰԪйд ̡

1989  6 £йпѹѧ֮󣬺ܶൣ ⵽ǿʼѰαӻ6  5 գ ѧҡʿ֮ڱʹݡ֮ıҪһʼǱܾģԱģӻЩ йͨϵˣʹϵӻң ޷뿪йڹԺͰ׹ԱǿҪ£ʹݸıľ׼˷ ֮󡣷֮ڴʹһ࣬űй ٷ뿪й

ȥУԱȺ׷ ʿʹݺ¹ݿء ʿţһᳫȨйȺпʩӰ졣κѰѵͼýע⡣ûԤϵǣ ԱҲѰѡ

ϵضԷۣȺ ʿ2011  10 £ἰǸû ʷûѵĹңǿǴЩԼĹҡѣ壩ǡ˽ Ϥ˵ʮԡڰ칫չʾ һѧõ EMBA ƾʹѧһûעĽҲں⣬һλ йٷý壬1999 ꣬빫ֳ ʱ򣬾ʹе¹Ѱӻͷʱ˾ļλͬ£һѣ дţٱʹÿ̱ƹɥ˵ ûϣˡ뵽ʹȥѰѡ

ҲΪʲô 12 ٴ뵽 ¹ݡʱٺòˡʱĹҸϯϰƽ ڽıýע⡣ƾϷ֣Ҫ̨֮⣬2011  11 £ͼûгɹӢ¹ȡ ϵǱ.µıɱ¹ݵʤΪṩЩмֵ 

2  6 ϣԼĸ־־ֳɴ绰й̾ѧԺѧҵ󱻷䵽롣£ɲΪ Ķרҡ2011 ꣬죬ܶӳǷ˵ĳӼƻ ֮󣬱ץɣҪŪ ¹͸¶ʲô鱨

һϢԴ˵ɰһ˾ һ SUVٴֻйһԱ ֻǺܳģÿвͬĹܣ磬һרΪϰ绰һãһԼе ϵ˱ϵ

Ҫµ绰óѱں°аݵĽɫʼÿֻﶼһݡ ܼƻʧܣɱҪ ɰֱֻ𽻸ɿˣǱڲͬʱ ЩʼȥϷĩһλߣ Ӻӵһ绰ŵǣӢ屻 ưָ GKLݼ٣ݣʧ Ҫȡŵʮ˴󡣡

ɰŵ˾뿪ˣֱĴʡ ڸٹ·ϣĴʡ˵绰˵ ҪһǳҪ顣λ ·ӭһ緹˵Ҫȥ ¹ݣһϷּƻ ¹ˣΪûԤԼǷ԰Լһ¡Чͣ ݴ˵绰 230߽λڳɶ¹·ϵݡºϵڣλ½Ӵ λ⽻ٲûʶһη籩Ͼ ҪΧǰ뵽¹ݵ鷿һйӵıܷ䡣ʼ̸ ڷַٽĻͨ鱨ţͻȻ αӻҪ

ýϢԴṩ˸ϸڡ ˵
ڱפʹһӣһλϣʹݵİ칫ңʱֻϽӵһܵ ﵽʹݵͨѶȫʹﵽʹݡ ʱ 2  6 գһӴһػϤйһλָ߹ٵ˳ɶ¹ݣĹԱ뵽 ȥΪΣա
ڵս۱Ϊйİأ˹һʤĹ£ȥĿɽһ ίǽģΪһʶӵӢ ֪̫࣬߻¶ıɱǡʤĿĽҷһ˵ҵĵһ Ӧǣҵ죡

硰ʢɵıȶ.ģһλԱĻ˵¶йξڲȨ֮鱨 ƣͱ ı߻Ʒϰ ƽ˳Ӱࡱ

ݡŦԼʱ ı ̸У Եá    Ρ ݡͣ ⽻ ΪҪ йأ ͬʱǷαӻҲʣԤֹѰӻ ʽ롱

ԺͰ׹жǱӰƲ 㣬ΪһطԱṩϢû ֵ̫Ҫǣ·ڴϰƽ ǰһڡŦԼʱ˵׼ıӻ аƻϰķʡ

Ϣ˵ΪһڣԱ һ֪ͨй⽻ͬ⣬õѡǰԼ֡¹ݹԱʹԼ ֻ뱱磬䵽ĿƵ 쾯ݱϣܸȥˡ

һλ¼򱨵йԱƣһװļӣ.ıɱͱתʲϸ¼֪ ıӻҪδõ׼ûнЩļձĿµ⽻ԣ ûдļ뿪¹֮ǰ⽻ һֻͬ롱˿԰óйغı ɱ֤ݣ
˰ֻŸӢ⽻٣ָô ͬ׷鵽Ϣһָ֣ һйõĵʼȥһ仧ͷӢ 䣬ֻ˶šӢʲôʱ ԼͬǷӦйصṩ໥ìܵ ˵ڲһЩԭӢ˴ûյЩ Ӧṩļ

¶ıɱϸ֮ʱһͬ ˵ĴϷ¹ҲĻˡ

һ߽¹ݣߵйԱͰĴʡĹԱ򱱾߲㱨 Ѷ绰Ҫϧһд۰Ū

»ĴʡĸСʱ֮ԲҲе˴²ľٶĴʡʡίᣬ ϱ߲㡣ϯָʾᣬװ ȥ¹ݣֹӡ

ͬʱŭɵıڱõ ֮ǰѾסг淫¹ȥ ء淫ֻٸȥɶ¹ݣ Ҫߵ档г̸˽һСʱ ͼ˵뿪¹ݣܾˡгŵʲ ôܲ졣

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ŶԿʹݰȫ½սԱ ¹˷ߡ֧ܲͬװ飬¹Χš

׼Ϯ¹ݵϢܿ촫ϯϤԱⳡװҡʮ ŭΪжеΡϮ ƻʷΪǰ¶˹ڲķѡ ϯԸĴʡί˵绰Ҫȡһ пܵĴʩ¹ݡʡ侯ռ ¹ǰλã뱡侯 ڳɶ侯ʡֹ 侯һλܵԱǣ ҹ¹ߵ侯дԼ 700 ˡ

Ϊ˻ͽž棬Ĵʡ侯ͣȰ˵ǲҪ嶯ԿСʱ

2  7 ҹʱ֣ɹһС ɵ˳ɶ¹ݡǽһŽ ŵԸ뿪¹ݣ ǰ;ܵӰ죬ǻᱣİȫչƽĵ ˡΪαӻϣãе Ψһѡǰ¹ݷǿ˵ йעĶ

ͬԱһ߳ʱȫװ ½սӲ¹ΧǽڣǽǴй侯 һʶжغҪ ϳʱг淫˹Ҫקߡ ֹһУ˷ִ ǱֿվڽֵߣԸԼ˾绰 ָͨȥҪˡ ȡǺν룬˵绰 ֤ͼѹһ¼ĵ Ӱ챡ĹŲټ֣ ˳ˡ

2  8 賿뿪· רҪͨࡣΪţ ڸһҾƵͣĴʡ侯oȻ Ǳ˷ɻɶ

磬չ˾ڵ͹ˣĵǻơǳ 4113 ġ

ѹϢʹ˼Ϊ𾪡¹һУ ְҵκУһ̵ӣ
贫ĳҪԱҹ䡰ӡɶαӻݾܾλˣ֪Ϣ٣ ҥĸյĹԱǶʹܰ ǲǳǲǺƵԲëøһ˵ǸﲻǸ̵ĳܣ˰ Ӱɣ

Ժ֧мڲϼսͬʱ֪Ҳϸýṩ ϢƳνҡӢۡ񻰣 ֧ƿԡ

˵4  11 գѶ۵ġΡ £̸ļĿһ֪˵ ӵ壬2009 ͬйϵ𳤳 ʦ֮һʵѧУһ𣬽һ Ӵļϵͳ绰Ͷͨŵļء һЩ߲Աʱǵĵ绰ʵʩ

֣ͨȫߣڵѡ ίίͨ㿪ʼǵ̸ װú칫ļԱ֡쵼˵ĵ绰 ڱϲ㱻ΪͷŽɡʮʱйεëгϰװ¼ë ܶŮ˵ĶԻڡĻУΪܵͷṩһµϢʿƲ⣬ Ҳᱻͬϴ

±ҳ֮Ҳɷ IT רңרΪνأڼϲܡ ֪˵Ϣ󲿷׼ȷġݷͥļ ƻ巨ƣ 2010 δ׼α ׼ȺԶʹüʩ

϶ܿϵһƪ˵µ칫 ֣ 27 ڲɹԵ¹ɫеļ豸 2010  1 µһλϣҫ˵Ĵ鱨Ŀ12 ְڽȫ˿ږһ顣⣬ֻҪǼ 绰Ʊˢѣ֪ ֻܹʹ GPS λﷸʿ ж켣ǰ죬4000 з¼Ա 졣6 Сʱڣ3400 ˱ 졣

֮⣬һλԱ ʽʮֶ䣺ֱֵ 50 ңϲռװһҪ 20 Ԫְ칫ʱҹ׼ 40 ֽװ˽Ʒ  80 ֽ䣬󲿷ֶǹƷ2010 ꣬ ûջթѺ˽ҵԼǮˡӢҾ 𡱡һӦΪ ִйбɱ ľṩòģ ʱȴ 谮ĿһΣ һΪһ ЍӢֻ˼ Ʊܶ йص˵ʱ򶼵ǴԲ ţ

2  13 գҽӵһϢԴĵʼ һмЪ֢Ĺ£˵ ƫִһ˼Լİȫ⡣ÿγȥӲ죬ᶯֱɻ·̲ 30 ڳ ʱдӵľ͡סƵʱıڡƷŮ졪ﲼڡ

һϢԴҲṩƵӣ˵ľ⡣2012  1  6 գһϾгһǰɱһ˿ͣ 20 Ԫ鷢֣ У죬ҲͬУɱ ˣˣ 48 ֽ𡣹 еĹֳЭͬưﷸٴɱ֮ǰץסﷸ УϾйֳӵĵ绰˵ ץˡϾйֳԺ˷ܣϷɵ 죬ȴֻĻ롣

Ļо񲡣ΪʲôϱҪڸľ ״ôҪִλϼأ ʡ

ҵϢԴûлش

˵Щ˵ʹúεаԺҽľ񽡿 ȻĲ߻ܣںͥϵ ֤һϺ ӵһٵڱƼʱɹһ ¼˶ֶҾԼ






Ԫ 7 ͣŮʱһλʷýĴʾ˾Ůʵʵ֧ߣò˵̷Ըһζֺ͵ֱԷ Ĺ

ȨԽԽ󣬾˵Լ˼ޣ Щ˵Ĺܸٹ١˹׫һ ֯֯ıǡȺ֡

˵˵ͣһһЩ ӣһơ˵Щʶ ϳУʲô취ʹйأ˵ ףֻҪһͣ̿ΧգȻ ȥʲôҲϣͷԸ̴ӣһ ͣ˵İ취̿Χţվ ˵ܸı㣬Լ ȥɣ˷ǳţͷС

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й͡Ĺ¶һ ԼµȦס

һĿڹԪǰ 395 عıʿŷչãʵʩ رþɹҿ̫ӵʦȥӡ ı䷨ߣָ˵£˾á Тʧˡȥб ıȫҡõܾΪƶ·޷ʾ֤߲ ޡѡʬȫҲǱɱǻ

ǿʼ˼ǿмλԱͬȡйʷĿйŴʱƺЩʹ̾ ÿ̲԰άͳεĹһ ǧǰʷѧ˾Ǩ״ڱ롶ʷǡʱ ʮ롶д

ʷѧĲУ˿ġ ͬ
һǿĲרƼȨƶǷֲġΪ άȨͳΣòпĹ취÷ڲˣ ɱ¾ֶ̣ζ伫Ŀɱһ ٣ȡķʽϼڲȨ ûʲôǷǿԡ
ǿ෢뵱ߵΪֲйʷ ϣʱڣʱڣԪʱڣӺʱڣǿĶ෢ڡЩ߱ԺݶȱٿݣΪ ˴ıԸǷֲġḷ́Ԫ׼Ӻ̱Ѷʷϳġ йʷ⼸˵ʱڣ˶Ѫȷ磬 ͷء
˴³ҡΪ£Ǿ֪Щ˱濴Ǽʵʲô 򼫶ˡԺݶûͬģ˺ۣӳĮͲ̡ԣˣ սԹ̫࣬вǷҪôǡƣةr ߹롣ҪôǱӦˬĿȺûһкõ³

йĵ;ȱϳһˣȻר Ȼڡ߹٣籡ͳΡʢ򸡣Ǻֵˡ

һйʽ䡷һд
ʣһӢۣῪսԼаսȻûʶ𽥱 뱻ĶΪ顣ӵ޵Ȩ߳rؼκ˩rؾѺͷκ˩r Щօ׹ƲĹԱʱԼȴܳǧĻ·rϤĿɽӷıɱ޹ ɵȥڸǺͻٻ֤ݡ

2010  7 £ǰйֳһһ ĴӢǿ̵ִǰһ죬ǿ˽һСʱ̸˵ǿ̸и ˼꣬ͬ³֪ġ

ǿĻϣѧĺڿҲһ 2011  4 Ĺ˵
ڳͷĹʹ÷ǷֶΣѶ ƹ˵ȨЩ° ʦĵϦƱػصĺϢ ÷Ƿֶδ˲ĳֲõĳɾǾǡ ƺڡǿȨ
ιҵһҪ־־ǾȨҪ˾ȨrҪ˾ȨҪܼضļල飬ҪάԺͷٵĶԡ
ʵض˾մȨһҪǿֿȵʱʶֶԵļֵһΪҲȻ̵سܵûж ˾ûһǰȫġ

ؽڵĻ֤ȼ֮ǿ̨֮ 18 £ԼͿ̨ˡ

Ϊйֳ÷˻ʿʧ£Ӳ߼Ѻص㡣 ڼ䣬ļҲõͬӺ͵ ܡú䲿װԣ2  ɵ죬йִ䣬йԱ رǡֵ˱ֻõ޿ɷ桱Ĵ𸲡 ϸ֪˵òŶ ӵݵʵһλݶһҺý屧Թ˵ Ƹƽƫƫò򽻵

ڼ䣬ٷҺ ܺ߷׷ Ʋ⣬̡ һλ߳   ɣԴӹ ȡȨ ʷǰģ߲㽫ϳ ڵӂȡڶ쵱 ֳڼ䣬 800 ˱̡ЩӦ̣ ܶ˱Ȩ˫մѪ Ϊִ쵼ڸǹȿУ ģȻ߲ܶ쵼Աı ȴǸеͬȵвǻỳԼǲ Ҳڰı

˵ǣĽֱȷԤĺúܶࡣ ¹ֵ˷зʹкѲ ˾ڰг⣬ҰȫĵԱȡʴȵķԻĻϡ֤ʴٳ˶ԹȿĶһԱ ҲǹؼԵġ˵ӺԺıɱ Ľ¶ΪԪڵĴ֮ǰһǿĵ ֣ṩ˳ֵɡ

2012  9 £¹ڵسɶ 淸˽ְȨܻ ͽ 15 ꣬ĺܶܺϣ

йди˺мֵ һΡ߹ǣǰ췢ۣϻؼ ԺŪ¹ݵȷеص㡣 ǵ˶ͷ˾ûа취ǵġ ¹ȥɣһ¼ǲ Чش˾סԼ

ûʱ깫ֳ ĳУȾʼεĺġȥ  2012 3 ¿ʼ칫ڲҳĸ˱ ȾʧйִԺƬȡ£ ¥ǰֻӥĵҲһԼΪһ ֻɹŲԭϿյӥڰ칫¥޴ ľױд仰εΰ棬 ֮졣仰Ҳˡ

5 £ְڸķǷѺѶƹ űҳ쵼ڶÿָؽе飬κ漰Ű˵ľԱӦվ 

ȥӶѺ֪౻Ѻ ̡Դ죬Լ 1800 챻ͻȥͽ̡ Σ2 ݼʽơϢһܶྯ춼Ʋס쵼ӵĽֹ Ƿűڣڼģף뿪ڣ80% ʧȥľ챻ָԭְ

ͬʱмԺ˶Էо 2011 4 ΢Ϸһ绤ʦ һʺͽһꡣĿǰԡᡱΪ̵ҵңǵİӡ Ҳǰûյʲ˻һЩܺˣ ܱµĴʽǮѾɡ

I֧߲ΪЩı2012 2  9 ڼ䣬֧ڲϴ֡һλ ԺϻĲдٷýħһħϰղôƭġܶ ͬҲ⣬ΪѰ ĺ֮һŹ 2012  11 ȥʱ山һվһλ˵ǸӢۡ ԱͲˡҪҸܹ Ա̫̫࣬١ÿ춼ڱֽΪıжٹԱϰյģ̨Ժ󣬷ˣֻˡ 

ԱҲΪ绤ȥʲôνڡô˺͵Ϊ ɹ.µɱʹɽξ ίͼûеóѣֹһë󶫵ĳ֣ļ߷д˵Ϸ Ե꣬ϷԵĳ֣ıйδ йʷǺ˶û뵽ġ

ϲһһɶ˵ۣ
ҽ¹ǩ֤Ϊ߹ٿһ´ڣ αѵ롣һλ Ŷӵء

֧ȻǿؒIĴ棬 Ƕ޷һ޿ɵʵǵӢ۲һһδıУעҪΪһǰ ġӽ¹һܺ 2012  2  12 գ дһƪۣԤ⣺
ѱˣ͵ڹ˺䣬 ͷ˶䡣ȨҪǣ ֯һɣڶɲڿԣ˭֯
⵱ȻйⳡϷճƵ˵ġ йԱĻǵʱĿһСƺʧʱʹݡںʽľ˴ƬУȻĻֻƬͷСֻ߳ ǰϷʱݣڴ








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ߺ͸ 20 ǰСй̫ӵһ飬̫ӵָ µһҵĺ




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أйϲƹԭһ飬ĵ ˮ溣θ߶ 1886 ףԼ 306 ƽ ɽɭ֣ڶ£ԣɽɫԲԣһ ʫ黭⡣ḻˮԴļ紺ÿ ӶȺĺŸ

2012  2  8 գڵذιŸοǿһ ϤӰίǱǰӽ פɶ¹־ͳȴʡ ʡίǵͬ£еߵĺŸͶ мû뵽ԭ½ôĺһ οײһ䱦ƵģһλӼ̾ ıѽ63 ıߴӢϾ ͷм߳ΪйԼ.ϡصű˵ еţѧϰٽ úһвҩ꣬ﵱ쵼 ϷḻĲҩԴ¸ҵꡣι۲ ǹעűϵĽŲͼ˵һ УϣϣҵһЩ¼ иӣѱΪƾ ëڸ빲ɲն񴦾ʱõһԺܶ˵ ǴӡΧη籩Ӱ죬ǲսʤġ

һḻĲѱĵι񣬿 ս߲һźšιһʵг ǡη񣨌ţ

Ȼǲһ棬֪ ˵㷲ġĹֳͼӳ˹ ýͷ֮΢ͺýڶĻ ˵Ⱦˣξֳί ı߶䡣ڼٿĵ֮ǰܼƻҪǵϰƽƪ˵ ӽ˻¸һҵʲתƵ⡣ĹӸӱϹţ򣬺 ѧѾǳܻߡ 2 ·ݣӢ.֮ ûбЩýıǸݵ֪ṩϢ˷Աǰ;ķ²⡣λ ۼң籱߸褾Ԥ⣬ ίԱָˡ

2  9 գйίرձ˱ϻһƪ 2000 ֵд¼̵ᵽιλפ 14 žʷйݡ ȤǣһҹҼֽı༭ϸڣ ȾԴиµ塣5 ĵ 14 žǰ  30 ĩһ֧ղӣĸ䴴֮ һǱ༭ѡձıһ⣺ Ӳι۾ʷйݣ廳ǰϣ һһֲ²⡣һλľԱߡձҫԼӰѰ ھ֧֡

һλԱ˵ͼǲƽġ һкͲι۾ʷйݣǼǰͶõճ̡ ΪξίԱܵӴĹϸߡ ʡҪ쵼һ·ͬλԱ˵ι۾ʷ йݴԵģұλĸ 90 Ѿݣ2007 Ѿȥ еѴ඼ھˡ

λ֪˻ᵽΣԺٴеı ȡ֮С߲棬 ¼Ǻϯ쵼˾ܾ˵׶֣𲻱Ҫע⣬Ӧ ȵ 3 ·ݣȫ˴ٿ֮ͬʱ һѣΰ칫ҹϵС߱ǰԭƻȥϡλҲɵϣ򱡱汱 ¼йؿָһôԶϣ ǽ۵ص㡣Ǻ֪һǺεаƻŵģҲǱҵѡ

λУӵĿţƺľƣȷϰƽ̵ķ°쵼ĻκӰ졣Ϊر ϯξֳίҲĵ鷶Χ

һλмίĹԱңıԶԼԦ ıųƵĺΣڴϣ ʾì̬ܵǵڵ 2012 ׾ͽˣ ϣƽȽȨһΣҪҵڶ⣬ 뱡Ҳйëʱͬ źĻ֮顣Уξãһƥ ԼĺܹԼսϰƽȨ ںԺκζϰƽսԺѶ

мίԱںĽ֤ͣ׼ȷġһڶϣӵ˵ ǡһ¼ʾ뱡޹ءг  2 µ׷ɵκ棬Щʱ ŵ

ͬʱ˵ڱѣ ƻǶӦҪд˵ϣ 볣ƹίֱ֧һ صԭ򡪡ĶźüҵͶʣ ڱĿ֧֡

ЩŵʹԼΣ һϢԴ˵Ը дţ˵ӭĵˣ˽в ΪְеȫΡ

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ǰһվһƬ˲ͬߵľֹ䣬¹ڳԱϽ̨ʮ ڵȣī磬һλԱһȭ һλͬµϣձһŮ֧ ߵļϣܶ˳ԲʺֽţӡȣһλŮ ԱЬͬ¡վҲй˴ Ƭһǻ᳡ϵĴǸָ˯̬ ;еĻ￴ĳƣһһȫ ǧһ¾ͨ鰸

йᡱƬӳйʵ Դӹ 1949 ִȫ˴ͳˡƤͼ¡ ͵֯ݲύÿһʩͷһͨ ȥʮйڡȫʹٽơŬ ȫ˴ܡ۱øΪԾʱ ҵġٷýʱֱȫ˴ʱ Ѿͷ׼ʾȨĴǣйһִ һ첻ı䣬һ¡ǳ棬ȫ˴ϵһоͶǰӡһλ 57 ˴ý˵ ûͶһŷƱԴ˸еǱѡ ģӦֵ֧˵

2012  3  3 գ˴ͬʱٿйЭ ̻ĿĻʽϣһ˷ܺϷԵȳϯ̨ϡɫװ׳ϵһ ɫ׵迪ʼʱӹڽ ȿϯ̨ڶšƵһ׹⣬׼ͶȥԵ̩Ȼ΢΢Ц֮ ûиԱߵίϯźк ǳŹʶ˻⡣

Դһǰ¼󣬱һ ȫǰࡣý͹ڶڿţ޿̨ļ Ҫ壬嵽ʲô̶ȡ

Эϯ¿ĻʱԵѰ ĲɡżȻܿλһ¥ý ɨһۣҪôָͷе20 ӣƺ·ڴ ϻʼĶǰЭϯŵĽ 壬ǦȦ㡣ĻʽһξίԱȣԱߵίԱѼʱ һļ˶ļ䣬뿪ˡ˵ǡ ˡϯ̨ۿñӵˣ϶ʼ׷٣λۼ߷֣Ϊý עŵĳԱûסȫ˴ָκαݡ

3  5 磬Ǽеһȹ档СۣһᣬԲͬԣϵĹ۵㡣˵йøĸ 30 󣬳ƶѸټӴҪĹעɲƸ⣬Ⱦ谭ѣ谭ᷢչ ķŭ쵼㣬ԲͬȺȡ ͬߣһƽϵҵ⣬ͬԣĺļֵ˵ڹͬʱǻӦ ùעṫƽеȺеͥ ľΪ˵ݼչӦΨһĿꡣͬԣܹйٷչеġ

ý㷺ĽУľҵ˵ 2011  GDP ͳ룬 2007 ʽεʱһȫ꾭ʴ  15.7%Ͷÿ 9.6%2011 Ⱦﵽ 106  ҡ

ͷ죬һжƺڱƿ֮¡Ȼ 3  8 磬λ緹ʱǵί ǲˡϵȴһҲҲ г淫е鲻Ƿ߲ҹѱ ߣ⡣һλ䣬г һͷԵӡ淫˼λ 쵼תĨǵشǱ߿ʲô ȥõϢûУû˽ΰ칫 뾯֣Ԟйڹ⺽ĳ˿ͣ Ҳûκνصʧˡ

˴ȫ۵ȱϯʹֻ ¼ұŭɶýʿҲٴ糱Ĳ ⡣۵һұֽվ˵ ѽͷΪõϢ˵ܵˡ

쵽磬׶ʻ߲쵼 ıڣȾ˴ʵ¼Ŷ³˽˷ɻɻ 죬ҪȥһЩҪ顱磬 ַɻرСϡӾͷǰԵʮƣ 

ѣʱξֳίС س֡һ̵ĽУ϶ ľóɾͣԱڸ߶֧ ǴһܼᶨƵ֧֣ⱻ¼һλԱơ

ڶ죬ſաг淫һϾŷᣬԤȵǼǵ 150 λ߻׼ μӡû볡ȯļֻܽصߡ Դ¼֮״νýɷáһλ˴ңȷҪ󣬹¼ ָأҪϸڶ˵̸ϸ ڡһʼǰҪġһʼôʱһֽ˼Уʾ ϣһֲ
ڽйزŵĵ顣Ѿȡýչ˼٣ϯʮһȫ˴λ顣 ڴ֮УԺҹ

ǣר̴Ӹ۸۰̨ģһ׷ᡣһʵг淫Ƿװ ¹ݣͼٳ

淫һ˵ȫУֻȥ ġϣ¹ڽһ Сʱ̸ҲҲ˼빤 ҲԸһԺ˵ 24 Сʱ ԸȷʵˡûκǿҲûȥǿ 

Ļ̸ⷢڴ йٳɾͣ참ҲһסԼǻѳƣְֳΪԺʹá ĳ¼˵ȫû뵽

¼¡籨ŴĺĿ һλʣǲǾϻмر ⣬˵ûпκμ˵ԼӦʧ ֮𡣡κһطٺãҲԤ ¼ķһ棬ҲܹΪв ¼ͻɥ£ú÷˼ˡ

һλۼʣǷξֵݽһְ ţͷϵʧǷ¼йء

ҵذѴְһ˵ΪУҥԼӻԡְ⣬Уȫһִ˵һ һֱ졣ûдְһ˵ʵǵؽȷʵеԣвʡôҹˣ²ˣʵڱǸ Ļŷ˵˵໥ìܣ ˱ʾȱϯΪ⡣

֮ʱǲڽܵʱ Ȼش𣬡ûУûС

ʽСʱͻ淫ش 20⡣ԱĽӲ顢ȱĹǻͬ ʹھ¼ʱԵɡš ߶Ц̓մֱ˵ʱᱬЦ 

ŷᵱУڴĵ绰ͻȻˡ εصǸԱһ䣬гһڽ̨ ϡԼ 15 Ӻ󣬱ػгߣת˻⡣ ı䣬ʼƺĳЩýļͥ ˮ
Щ˵Ҷѧϰôɫ һɺԡҳɵǳߡҺҷҲûκθ ʮˡҷ˱˾ǰ Ͽɵʦڴڼʦ͸úܳɹǵ ᲻˸ҥ˵ͨʦǮͰ ȫصˡ 20 ǰ¡ڼ ߸һЩ񡣶Һܳɶġ˵ҵĶУţ򡢹Щѧģȫ ѧҵ˵

Щúܶ˳Ծ֤ ʵʱû뵽ý̸ķ˺Ͷӡ ŷʱһλձע⵽гίУȥӲ죬֪Ϊʲôûȥ 𣺡ǻȥ죬ҿԺ˵ġ

һλԱ˵ڼ߻нӵǸ绰̫̫ȿģҪΪȫұҥ λԱ˵쵼رǺΣԱڶ ӷʮŭ

1989 ѧ˶̨йʷΣ ˵ս֮ԸȥӲ죬Ѻ һελʵϣаƻĹ £Ӳ죬ֻ¼֮ı ˼ƻ룬Υйڵ Ϊһβȥͻ翴йڲ ֽţҪΪ˳еΣȥˣ͵ʹ α̬ͦȷʵ Ҳһ塣

˴ϵġ⡱ξֳίе ṩ˿ʵ¼ұһֱԱ ߣЭϯ֣ı вǵϰƽ߻֮󣬱Ķʹμţпܶ쵼ȨĽɳģ õ

3  14 գ 11 ȫ˴ȫĻ СʱĴУ༯йסó طԤȣڿҪʱ¼ұĻش ˳һ

˰һʵĻ·͸פߴ ChrisBuckley)һʣ ᲻Ӱί쵼Σ ұȥԾֱֳ̨ һȻȰźõģҲύ ȥ߲˹ġ

¼ұڴʱɷԣûп塣ʱ һֽϿһۣش˵ҿԸߴң߶ӣйزŽרŵ顣Ŀǰ ѾȡýչǽʵΪݣԷΪ׼ϸ ˺ʹĽһԻش𣬲Ҿסɺʷļ顣 2  6  й߲״ֱӶһĹӦ ұĻûͣһԹڵĻᣬ׼ĿꡪһĻ˵
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ܿ˵¼ұĿ沿ǿ Ӳ̧ǿой۲ңмԶ¼ұûеʵڰָָ Ļָĸë󶫾˶Υĸĸ ߡ

¼ұŷϷڵ֤ʵǵĻɣѱΪŵĹؼˡηȷ ţ뼯쵼ѾԱ˾ġ

ۿƼѧйרҶѧڣڽܲ ʱ BBC ˵棬Ҫø ֶνйìܳͻĿԣ·߲ͨģֻй·ⷬζű ߵͷˡ

 3 ѮʼýĹעݸһ䡣ʱ.֮ûع⣬עѸת˱ ĻˣδϷʽʼ




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ǰ۵һŷϣһλʵʱ 񲿳Ƿմ˹⡱ܻ 丸סǰһӰȫһƬ ۾ͷ׼Լߵֱ΢΢ ЩԾһЦݣƽػش
λֱʣҲⲻֹ һʵġҲմӹ⣬һλ մĹʹϣһǸʶ ѧʱΪͥǣұؽ˼ļ ʹҾĥѣ־ƶһǶôҪɡ϶һǶôҪ ҵ˶ܵõġûһùӣҲòմ ⣿

ԤڵģЩǵĻش𣬾֧áѧʱʵģʹǰ ֮ٵ׼ȷ

 1949  7 £ȡȫȨǰϦ ¡еǶ硱Сʱ ׵ڸ߷塣ʱ뱱ʵС ѧУкܶ౻ΪĺӡΪѧУҲ ƽյŮУֶԸ߸ƽӵһͬʡ λҳùҵĳͺѧѧǾ͵ðѳͣ ѧУԶСͬΪסڱһˣ Ƕǵ׵ĳÿϰһλԱѧ ʲô׼ʱȨ 1962 ꣬ĺ󳾣뱱СѧУУѣȨͥҵй ӰҵҡμҺ;١Уѻ䣬ѧУܺѧɲȴһǸӡ1966  5 £ëʲ׼˼ʴ ˹Ľ壬ȫΧˡĸҪڵʱ·ĵȨɣƳ ɡһȡëһĹ裬ѧУһȺ꼶ѧ1966 6 ¸дһ ţҪϳѧ߿һ⽨ëϯϲ һţԺֹͣѧ߿

1966  8 £бĸصһ'Ѫ ¼еУ쵼ʦǱųһӣеĴŸ ñеĹ״ӡеͷеı˫֣ ΧŲٳʾһһȦһȦС ŭȭߡѧƷУ쵼ˡĻ ίԱᡱĸ籡˸Ρ·͸ ɷе 10 λУѣǻѧʦ ν֣ǵ龰һЩûкɫѪͳѧЦΪ쵰ѧǽһ˽̼Ѫǽд¡ ɫֲꡱı

ȻйѧУҲպ«ư12 굽 18 ѧɵĺ֯ȫ ־ëϯͺ챦顪ëϯ¼߳衶췴衷͡ëϯĺĿ ԱǰĵʱңΪ񵳡л Աӡνʷ⡱֪ʶӣܿ죬ǵĿ󵽹ɲ͸ ѧУְԱΪЩûаëϯ̵¡ ѧߡĸоר˵ĺ 19666 µ9 ¼䣬 1700 ˣ1.1 ໧˼ұң мֵĶٻߡԼ 7.7 νӵ Ůϳ

šĸ ̱߸Ůܿʶĸп ܻΣǵĸĸǣ 1966 ףǳһС׶ѧжίԱᡱ֯ơ Ե߲֧֣֯ÿڽѲ ߣͼָɺ 9 ԱԼΪĹӰˣڱĹʵ֯Ϊ֪ һǡӢ۶úӷ쵰 ˡˣ˭սǾͻʹñ 1966  1967 ˼γ˹ѺսѵĹĶ֯ٿʦᣬ֧ǵ ĸë󶫸еΪΣԼֵļƻ֯ΪǷ

綼ԱȫͼӪȸսѡãë󶫿ʼǸױһͷˡһָ 30 ѱ乲 Ѻܳĸ߸ŮԼĸ ޡһδ֤ʵĴ˵һ׵Ĵϣ˸׵Ķ⣬һ˶ϡ

ЩûʹֵܽȺΪͽĶӡѧУﱻν֣ѧУڴ ˣȺܣ͵1967 ꣬˱ļҡ ˵һϸɲĺӰһЩ˽ļЩһͬѧܣϣλͬѧ Լ£Щ϶ˡ࿴Щ Ƭֵܡ

1968  8 £类ؽٹ ؽ֮Ϊ789 Ӫ그ܽɲŮ ѧϰࡣʱ 60 ̨߸ɵŮﱻѺտʼбѺһѧϰëϯһ߱ƽҷ ĸС˺УǿϿΣڼԱļල ¸ͶǿȽϴũЩ곣ԲڵʲôʲôŹǾ¡õ 1972 űͷš

23 ʱ䵽ж޳ˡһλȥͬ˵ǵñǸӢ СӡȻ֪ļͥ⣬Ҷϲ ܶϹ˻޸ܶͨǽܣʶ һĲŮҽ˵ĸѡ ϼҶɽʡǴμӸġĸУڱ һëʱĸȴΪίǡʱĸ׿ʼë ʧ裬顣ȥͬ˵˵ʱ סڲͬĳСòƽƽҵ׷2012 10 £ԡŦԼʱ˵ͱʱÿ ͻԷдšһ̸԰Ŀڵ־ʽɼ һߣ
һ˲Ӧ˼壬ףѧϰҵûһЩã˼ԾһЩã ԾͳɾͣǴһЩɫʵġ

 1976 飬˸ӡ

1977 ꣬ëȥһйָ˸߿ ĺܶڡĸǴѧƶȵıͬѧץסᡣμӸ߿29 ʱ߶ ֿйĶѧѧרʷһ ׸ϸʱԽƣйԺרҵ˶ʿо

1982 ҵйǴоxԱҪ顣 80 Լ 쵼ϲ㣺ϸɲʱϰʮݵʱ 򣬼ΪҪһ쵼Ȩաˡ ݶӡĸһܹߵȽϿɿ ѡˣŵڵְλϣŵȥΪ θְλ׼

ϢʮܡԽ˵ 壬 1984 Ҫʡһƶȥ ܻöײĵһ˽⡣һ 뱱һЩĵʡأΪ ίǡʱĻȾѣ1982 飬ӾܾҪһ˵ ʡҲʹõ˽ѡ

Чͯİǰ ȡͬ裬ʼǵģй ǵϰƽҪ׶ĺӱһСְǰ ϯĶԴǽžܺڲίѧҵǰƶĺʡ˶ꡣĶ εģλ㿪ʼ ʱ

ٷֽϵһݼ̱տʼڽ ܲ˳عԱнģְֻ֪ һ壬û˰ߵ¡ дܣ뵽ְѵҪ С۶Ӧָ㽫ܳʲôְ ȥˣ뿪ʱ򣬽Ѿڷչҵƻȷ棬ڵIúüˡЩɾ ижٹϵ˵ﵽĿģЩݸ˽Ǹˡ

ڽأĸҲնڱѧѧʱһйȿŮӣ 1984 굽ؿ졣ȿһλžŮǱѧר ҵıҵ

ԼСӴ˹ȿĵʦȿ һұֽǵ
û뵽ҲǱҵģȥʱλ ĸ߲ڻĺ̲ϣ͵ũ² ߻ũ徭÷չǰǸҸּ ˡȥλλίһԶҲ ɨɾС÷µһֽС ͷдҺʹڣȻʼ̸롣Ҿ ˣС˵￴ˣΣ ĳҵģڼͥģһ еˡ

ܹȿͱ 1984 ڽصһ ǰȴ˵ǵļ֮ǰ ͻʶˡĸȢ˹ȿĽ㡣 ܡŦԼʱɷʱ˵ȿͨͱ ڣĹϵű¼ȡġѧУһϣ ǹȿ飬ʱǾȾˡ

 1984 ڽصٴ ʼ׷Сꡢӵкܸ߻ͷʵ˹ȿʱѻ飬α飬ûн ෴ִ˾ѵдţ ˵һù˦»ϸ 80  ߽£йͥ顣⣬ ۾ˣκƻ鶼Ҫ´ġǳѵ飬꣬ͥεδ֮У ͬ飬öӵĵȨӴձ Ϊ

1986 ꣬ȿ˵ѧĻᣬȻʱ µ顣ͬ˻飬1987 ꣬ ¶ӱϹϡһȫ˰ᵽΪеĽίǡ




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1989  4 £ǧƵѧۼ찲Ź㳡 ǰǺҫȥΪ˼뿪ֿŶ ࡣտʼʱ̫࣬Žܹɰ֮ Ĺ㳡ΪûãѧΧ㼯˸ ЩҲԺҫݣй״Ÿǿҵķ㳡ܿͱ˿˶ġ йձĸǴҹͬĲأܵѧߣܣϽиĸ˶ ܿչȫСŭϽͷһ Ϊдԣ˵߸Ůó۴ӳƷʵ磬Ȼгϸ߼۳ۡҵʱϷ ڵߣҲ˵صʾУڱ ʼգ˱

ѧǺܿΪ߹עĽ㣬˶ ߳ǿʼ˾ʳͬǽжԻ йŹƣýȴԲƵضԾʳбһڣýıй ˶ѧ֧ͬ֡פľӺ侯ܾѧ Сƽȵڸ߹٣ĸףĹʧȥȨƽϢ˶

6  3 ҹӺ̹˿˱ӵһ ֶ峡޴ѧ񿪻ⳡ Ϊ׷˶ѹˡݱܶ ͼ찲Ź㳡ʱڹ㳡ԱߵĽֵϱеġ ͳƵûйѧ˶ƣ  1000

ѹ֮󣬷ʹ쵼ˣࡣ1989 죬ԪϿᣬ˭Ӱ ⣬ ǶԵС ƽָĽ  ǳʧ Ǵǵıѡ˵ʱĹҸϯ𽫾 ˵ԼĺӽӰɿҪԼĺӱ ǽĺɫɽĹ۵㣬õ˱׺ ԪϵĹ㷺ͬǴλϣԪǴһ ĵ̶ӽǰ͸ëתսÿһλԪϼ ѡһӣ; λá

һԪӵȺ壬̫ӵڴ˺  20 ̫ӵΪ͵طи߼ɲ Ů̫ӵΪһǿϵй̨  2012  11 ½йʮ˴ϣλ̫ӵ ξֳίһ߾߻ء

ӰҲ̫ܶӵ˲ƸһΪƲйԺı棬 2006 ףȫй 3200 ̣ 2932 ̫ӵƿ 2  4500 ҵʲһйٷо ׼һݱ棬ţǾ֪ Щֵȷӳʵ

ڱϼ壬ѡӸװģǱɡϸ  80 ɱȸ籡Ҫһҹ ӪҵĵίǣȻֵ˱ξ־ֳ 90 һϵдۡ丸Ļ ûܽίίٷʾ  1992 꽫ξ־ֳһְ;ֹʹϼҳעתҲԸһ Ľɫȴ򣬴Ӵһίǣ 1993 굱ϴдгȻǴг

Դ룬ҲʮǰŦԼʱ ɡסŦԼһλݹʦĸ  30 ȹһѡ1983 ꣬ŦԼסҡʻ˵ ǸĴˡŵƱԼ ŦԼǡ˵ԹķǿҵȤȥΣоƶĻ״ δĺ̲ʹĿ̾ѡ

ŦԼĸȤܼܿڴĺܶḣ뻷ƻйһУǻƺǲ

1900 ꣬˴ʼҾӣռ˵ʱ ޣǶ޽ʹģʱд(Dalny) ΪǴ·϶˳кͨ򶫲Ż 1904 굽 1905 նսжսܣ䵽ձ ˵Ŀ£Ϊ

ڶս󣬴صйСҵһλն  50  60 ڴġ˵ʱ Ĵһ촬ҵѧӹ͹ҵ豸عҵ ۿڡг 1993 ꣬صĲ ѡʧȥĲԺ󣬴Ӫҵ˲ ๤˶˹ȥΪĹʧҵʣ ҪȫƽˮƽĿˮʣΪعҵ Ⱦú㡣

ڱڶָлı߶ Уֵһ᣺

ִĵһУһɫ 籩ҪѴйۡƶһĲ ļƻѽ 100 ȾĹǨС ˾ɹƶߣ·ֲ˴̻ľ޽ Ĺ㳡ڹ˼ǧƽĲ ƺ 1995 һ꣬ȫƺ 200 ƽף̲ݸ ȫ 37%룬ս˱ Ϊʽݳޡ˷ѿռĹëʱйӦȥղݣڳׯڡںܳ ʱһЩ˿гЦ˵˲ݲ

ˮʩһҲΪʩ ֣ 40 ۺʽ壬 ˺̲ȼٺʤء

ܿͳΪȫгЧݵİ Ч»ƹ԰ĳ¼£ˡй¼¡ ֮ơ2001 ꣬Ϲ滮˴ԱĽܳס1993 ꣬ձѱΪ йǰ; 20 λ̳֮һ

Ǳڴʵ飬Ҳܵ˺ܶ˵˵Ϊ˳ͷϲעĹء磬 λйĸɺˮԴضȱۼ˵ аȱĵˮԴ˷ûõֲͲݵ ˣ㳡ռȥ˴ҵIƤ

Щ˵ ڵͶߡĻʩҲʹ÷ֵ 200 Уһססլ45 ʹ ¾ӣķֵṩ˸˰գʹ õóǮеȾĹԶİǨ ĻƻСгƣһ֧ãǴһžƬ ֧֣ӭеİá˴඼ ԡ80 ڣֲȫӡ1993 ֲ꣬ıΪְҵӡＯ šزҵšṩ˽˰ ݣʹΪֲģҵ1994 ꣬ ֲIõһȫְҵй A ھ˺ ְ˴ζھΪйʷΪɹ ֲ֮һ

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˵Ϊг֮ǰĹԱǳܷǳձ顣ܶÿںù ִ齫칫Աϰ඼ٵ κ٣ҪִϸļɣЧʡ ؼŵĸλܶҪѰһҪ ʱǡйҵһλ߻˵ ˸ĳЩԱϴ绰Ƿù֡ һܶ˾ѡڼⱻϣ һλδ绰û˽ӡڶϣ˵ϴ˯ˡûʲô¸ ˵ҲӦøЩ񡣡

в͹ݺҵ뱡ддø˿ ǾӪõ⣬дһЩƣ Ʋ֮ģ˼ҾòΡ

һ±ع׵гһ˵ ϣ°ˣֲ©ˮ¥ 绰Ͻ⡣һΪҵٰϣһҵұԹһ ܵһһȭϣǸ ĸע¡

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㳡úܶ˾治ֹ㳡Űɫ ʯĻ 19.97 ףܳ 1.997 ףž ˵ȨԻڱ Ź㳡찲ų¥ԶǶԻ֮£ Ի߸˳ƣ 뵱һһеĵڵĹΣǵ ǡ˵ǰǽʴʱ򣬿ԵеܳԾǲܲеĺɡ

̨йٷý˵ҰȻңڴ˺ܶӡǡͳ칫һ ս䡱Σ飬ͳȨúڴ 칫ϰװһأԿȫеȪԸܵһжơ

͹ȥľһ˵ҲǸǽĺɫ֮ͽжˣ֮һǴ̨Ůΰܡϴúܹ㣬˵ΰͬǰ 뱡ܹϵϲһ仰ǣҽ ȥгʲôֻܸ˵мίһλϤ ĹԱ˵1998 ꣬ΰ˸СŮ ӹȿ˵ˣԱҪ̨ 쵼ΰܡŮ˶˹ӹ ʧˡܶ˶ΪȿŮˡ˼ ˡ2012  9 £һλ˵ΰܻ š˵ 1998 ˱ һǮСŮԶ뿪У ڱܵ˺мίޱ ֤ʱҵΰܡ¶˹ΰܵ Ϣ󣬱һλ΢һֵ͵ķ˵ ϲϹҵһСá

һλڴΪĹԱ˵Ṵ̊ᣬʹһţͨеһӡ̣ҫԼŮƫ £齨һ֧ŮﾯӣҲй ĵһָ֧ʾһﾯҪΪ Ƭһѡϵ 50 Ůﾯƽ 23 ꡣ

ȥͬ˵ĺɫԼ ġй͸ʡֹ ǣʵϵ죬ߺ⣬ִе ߵ쵼ճй ҪԹǸ𣬸ʡеʡгͬĵ ίǸ

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2002  5 £ӱйչ˾ 6136ѣ 103 λ˿ͺ 9 Աȫɥ ҷҲ֮СٷС϶˿ ɣλ˿һȫԱڷɻɱʽģ ݻȻһλڴߵҸһӢֽһ¼ǱӾĲ߻ģڸ ҷ塣һָشδ֤ʵ˵мί˰˵顣

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ʡһ¡һ֪Ĺҵ Ϊйĸһ͸永Ա ΪһܹĻս ãܱ߼ʡЭڹԺ֧£滮һ úƻΪ˶һĿĿ꣬ ͨٽϺձʣӸ߲µʧҵ⡣

2002 ꣬  £мί һܴ󰸣 120 λ  Ա   е г͸г ˶ Ϊ 㡣˰ Ҫ ָָء ǷĲ ṴԼ ù𡪡̡гΪŽĴսۿ˾ ء

ڲûģΪ İԸڣڹԱ.֪һλ йͶʼң˵һŦԼƱгей˾й2001 ꣬Ƹ־Ϊйλ2002 ꣬ʡµļӹ ð˱Ϊڣָùʽڲһ˽ҵңǹʲĴ˺; ӪˡвҪӹڵĹ˾ָʾʡ ڷ֤ڵõϢӵ

ʼ˵ʡĹ˾û ͶһǮĹ˾ֻǹҸҵֶȣ һʼȫӵ˾ʢԺݽ״ʡǷռ˽˲Ʋ λʦǰͳķɹʡ

ͥȻйʡй˾Խܡͨ⽻ӵԺƱʱ ʡͥڵߡգ ϸ飬ͥöʡʤڼߣ2006 걻ʢԺء

ΪʡӦܵʱʡί Ųϲλʡǳ˵ڴ Ĺ˵ǹذϷоԣ˵ѡ ŷޣũޡΪػָ ĸܴ󰸸иΡ

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ͷ£˵͵ܾýĲɷã Ĺ¶档3  22 ȫ˴ڼ䣬ý ΧʱĻѰؽ

л˵һҪ躻ޣΪ һõĻ׼ڹԺҲԸ ˵һµĹԱҪƷǫѷ͵

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μӹϾóս2004 ꣬ͬй Ƿɵʢ٣нŵ̸Сͬ¸ ý壬λε񲿳ʼձ˵ȴֶȻ̬ ȡйرձ־ʽڡ ˵һڱȽӢԱ̸ڼ䣬ҪһλͰ͵ԱҪˣʡʱ ΪֿȫöӢ

ʮ󣬱ָ¼ұ 2004 5 ³ŷۼ伫 бֱصıԱһıֽ ΪйԼ.ϡ

ڱʱĲ³ĿڲŸӡ һνУŷ˺йһԳҪͽ⡢ ܵķޣΪ˫ڱ˴ˡһλ ۵й֯Ʒгķġ ԭСͳ֯ԵӰкθ߼ ʱش
ǵȷ˴˵ķ֯Ʒ ӦǣҲǹҽ˺ܶ఺ķ֯ Ͳ⡣ǰһɣޡ 13 ͣ ۹ŵңԶйԶﵽȥ⡣ ɣ޴ӷĹ֪ڶ йƷǿһ𾪺ʧġ

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һλѺ͸¶˸߲ѵ Ϊʵܵʵҡ  3200 ˿ڣ38 أڰµ ߣϿӹ̾λ졣Щ꣬йͼ غ½÷չƽ⡣ڷչϵĺ ͼУսҪλ͹Գ1997  ΪͱϺһֱϽУѾﻻ ίǣûһλдʲôüı Ӱ졣ʹòı䣬 ξֳίʮþˡ

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ԶģζűиȨ ٵԼʹɵԼš

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ʱصᾭ ⡣ 38 ߸Ϊƶ3200 ˿УԼһƶ£Ҳ˵˾ÿ 2300 Ԫ¡ڻ ֮СǹҵȾú̡ȾĳĻϡǺܳġȾ ܵĸӺԱᣬȫ еҵӳ⳵ùݣ͹ݺҹܻᡣ

Уÿ¥ǰм˾ۼ裬 ǷнǿưǨԱĸܡܿ ûдﵽ 1989 찲Ź㳡ĳ̶ȣǲˮӿ

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2009 Σڼ䣬ȫطľ߶ڷ  GDP ȴﵽ 16.4%2010 ﵽ 17.1%87%ڹӪšڱ쵼£Ԥһ ҽƱסϽ𡢽档 ôʹҲȡ콢ҵƻ ʿ˹ȵȣֱͶÿ 50% һ᷿ݼƻũ ػȡзչ

Ĺ񵳼ڹ 1949 ȡȨ֮ǰʯȨѺɱ 300 йǰеʽϣԱ ʿоСɫСڸɽµļַԣһҲȫǧ ο͡һͳ 2008 ꣬ں Ҳǰеʽϣġڡ˶

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ʱ칲֯ 10 ೡݳᡣ ĺ質ŵϺȥݳ һҾԺѡ족ǵĸҽֶΣ ÿҩͺǳ衣Թ財˵ľ ǵǿǶƵġһλҽ˵

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Ϊ˸ƸɲĶ󣬱ҪԱҪݣΧŸתٸɲҪൽƶȥһߣסཻѣǽʵѡ2008  ߸ص쵼ӣһδ Ѽɲͽѵ࣬ԵνԱڹִ ù͹ۡ

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2011 ꣬ѧܷѧ֮ͯΰ˶Ա ˶һ顣ıУ֮ͯΰָ ڴڹУظԤ˷ɳЩٴȻ ܷȨ֮ϡûз֤ݵĴܹѺ Ѷƹʮձ顣

ָͯоܾеġʹν СͥҲѴ󲿷ϯλԱͷͥ Աɷñļߡй̵һڣ ܽ롣

ʱ򣬱˵Ҳ֮ͥ⡣

ڴ£ȫʹ˵Ӽϵ ͳһ֮ͯ˵Ĵķʩ˹ڣʹöЩ ϵճľٴ룬ֻΪ֮кã ڹƽ̨ϷԼĹ۵㣬Ǳֹġһֿµ󡣡ս˵˵ѡ߸Ӧ Լ϶ԱĴͼϵͳ 2010  7 ºʧ١Ӻ֪ӦΣҰȫбꡣǷޱд ±֤飬֤˰͸¶κýκθˣԻ ȡھӦȥˣӱ˵ȥˡ콯Ԩ̳ 㱻칫ְȥͽ¡

2010  1 £һ־һƪһλݸɲĻ˵ǵϯĲϣԱ ׷飬ҵǸϸɲڼ䣬Ը ȥһźؿﺬʾв

ƾ־ƪָ˱ڡ һ⡣ÿһﷸ̻򴦾ִ ûǵиʲЩʲЩǺϷ棬 ЩǷǷĲûκ˵һûաЩʲӦ ֱתҵĳЩ ţԱԡڡΪȡ൱ ʮbͽǮ

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⣬רΪڡеĺܶ󲢲ﷸ ǶԱӪҵҡ2010  6 £ ϣپƵɶ˴ Ṵᱻдͽ̡ûֵ 10 ҵʲһƪڲУǰֳ ϣѹΪ˱ġڡж

йרҵ˶ʿƾֳýһ̶ϵ׺ͣйμм䲢 øý壬Ƴĸš ֮ǰίرձı༭ר֯һ ӣɷñϤķͷ

 2007 굽 2012 ꣬ձڱÿ һƪºÿһƬҪ֮ͬſɿǡ ǰҹСʱ˺޸ġ ý屻ֻܷձı׼塣 ǰرָʾý壬ѹϰյıͷ棬 һҪѹԼκ¶ŵط Ҫ󱨵ίļҪͨëѡ ǿȼʹϲдһλͱ 꽻ļ˵ڱְڼ䣬ÿ춼 ĵ³ǣ˥֢

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Ǵ𣬱ȫΪȻ˹ ף2011 쵽죬ƻ콼Ͷ޽һȼٴ壬ڼ ʱ ˵ÿҪ ʲô飬ܻ 㣬˵㲻 Ҹ ҵĸǣ Լ·ñ ˵ȥ Իжϡ




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2012    һ    򣺡ҵ족κ˶һڷɡ  7  3 գ 63 ˡ＾ʮ˴󣬽 ĻᡣÿһȵĵϣйȨ ξֳίѪڹ涨ⶥ 68 ֮ ǰξֳίʱ䲻ˡ

ġڡ飬ȫΪӮ˹㷺֪ȡڹĺϷܵɵʱ ߲ΪΣѰЧĽʽνģʽԵøעĿڹ ý׷ױǰŦԼʱĬ.ƽӦ췢 ˵дһƪڱ鱨 2011죬ϯ˺ݳᣬδ ʵϢ˵Ժдһݼ̵ı ¼˵ģʽк

2010 굽 2011 ֮䣬ξֳί Ӳ죬ߴĳɾ͡ξֳί ǰ˵ĵͼ۸סƻΪķ룻жǿԵ ΡҿһҺܹ裬 ߡ

ͬʱ̫ܶӵë󶫵ӣƺµ һҵŮ֧쾭顣ǰ ϯ֮ӡܺڲίԴϽҲھ﷢Ƶķж2 £ԴϽܺڲ չ顣ԴһλָеĸѾﵽ һΣյľءԴķ裬Լ 2011 ΪһλѵдvĹ۵㣬뱡 ˼Զͬ

һ䴫ҲʹܡǰϯĲ߶£һ̫ӵйһ쵼˵ĹɣһбΪξֳίί ѡ˵̫ӵмѾ˹㷺֧֡

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ǣһԺ󣬸һӵĴԼ 1000ڹʡ¥ǰʾغܡƣǵĿòĴ𸲣 Ҫкڿһı

ЩȺ¼ڱǸľֵİ ԶԲйءԿʱ¶κУ Ⱥʾ2012  1 £ǰһڣ ټ˰ֳڵļţһҲ С;ۻᡣһλμ˾ۻĹԱ˵ʱڲϹڿۡ

죬֮ǰͰƽϢˣ˵ţڿ¼Ϊ ֵĻ¬ξֳίһ¼ ų쵼㡣µˡưɡ

ܱȽֹۣǸеǿʱ ¼ұͽǿΪӶ εа˽´Ӧ˵һ Ӳ죬ûеõκνһϢ2011  6 £ɳһǧ˺ݳţȥР ߳ݣξֳίûһݳ˵ ǰϯϵҪһһġʱ° Ȼӵ൱ӰʼûлӦ

һλԱ˵° 쵼רעеҪɨпܵϰκν

ϰ֮һ֪ǰĶӡǰᵽ֪ĸӸա)2001֪꣬ӸױǴѧҵصйΪһҵ ʺͶмҡ2007 񲿵ʱ ˵֪ͨѣΪԼ㵽һӪ ҵִա2011 ף֪֪ʹӪҵִգ ڶ㴫

ͶߵмίĶӻΪ ˵ѶӾ֪һѶԺý ¶ͼǰѶΪʣǰ ʮ˴֮ǰ㲻ᱨĻ ںýɷʱû϶ӱѺĴ˵

Լͬһʱ.ıɱһǱĿ ش⡣ܹٷм¼ϱһ˵뺣֮й 2012  1 ¡ һλ߼ԱȴƲ⣬ȥã֪ Ӹ˰йˡ˵÷ǳʣ ˵͵͵İ칫ң ĹʼǺ˽ռǡй߹ٵľɱ 뾯ǲģ˫񣺼ȱo쵼İȫּ 쵼ĻεаγԤͷˡ

1  28 ϣ֤ᵽ͸¶ ֮޹ȿйأ֤Ϊϸܡ 㱨ȥӣָʸڷϣ ϷŭȨ̰ʹڶһ ΰĹֳ棬һ ⡣ڱϵ˺ѷ죬ܿѺ۾ʹ ޲ĵز

˺ԵĹԱ Ѱм˽̸װ΢ ͷھƵ귿˵Ļᡣǣ Ѿĸ߲йᣬȻһֳôĵӣͬʱ ԱѺǳָʹ£д˼ٵĴְšǲͬһ˵.Ȼԭͼ ݹȿıɱľǩ֡

2  2 գͬǵȰ棬ְֳ񡣵ڶ죬ӵĵǸţ ЧұǱڹڲѱ˵ ڱȴˤ˲豭в˵ٸԭְ ҪҳһҵܡһϢñŭ¾ ҪΪһϰ֮ǰ

һ߿һ߼ý壬 ȹĶֲ֣εؒIԼִ ƫ߼˵֪λξֳί ԼӮˡҪԹڵ֧ˣ ⲿ쵼ʩѹëڡĸģ ͨȺ˶ԼȨһ쵳ϣ ˵
ҲЩ˹ֵֹģһ˵裬ϲ˵ ˵ǡͷ·һЩ˶ԻɫĶν ԺɫȴʮɡסĶЩ˲ԣ ˭ҪԡĶ˵л ˡǲҪʣɫǵĹǺɫģ 찲ҲǺɫģѵҪıɫǸ ̵л壬Ҫ

ҰѱĻΪһսԡ ξﷴˣر¼ұսˡ

ĿͺǵǣǴ쵼 ˣһλ֪˵

æĹʱû뵽ʤһǶˡ2012  2  6 գ߽ɶ¹ݣ ֮˽˶Ϊһ¼¼ĺ ˱Ŀơȡһϵ³çľ Υһķ򡪡ΪμǼع СҴı




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ǽӵһλѾʶ 20 ļߴֻ֮λԱʵġǱʱ 3  15 硣λ ͸¶ίְҵĹϵѾ֤ʵ ϢվϷϢû⡣

ʵϣСʱǰйĲ 20 ˿ġ ĩǰȾ͸¶ͬϢ ϢʵĻԸصͣΪԼĳͷд

ҷٵίһְϢʮ ӺйٷͨѶ»ͼϣһ 54 ֵϢ» Ϣܿ۵سй վ ϡĿ̨й ǿҷ ӦһСʱй Żվ֮һ Ѷϣͳ 62000 ۡվ ֮硢ɫйëȣԱְһ·һƬŭܶ΢ϱ ˶Աͬ顣

һϢңӪվһҪһʱ Ĵⶼʧˣڽ˵Ϣ˺ ׵ŻվҲر۸ܡ

ѧڿ춫ڵ̨ϹԽְ ƴΪһ䡱ţȻѹ ֮£Լгϣܱ 100 Ԫ κ;óɾ͡

߲쵼ı֧߻ʾ ְ˵ҪеĹϲ侯Ѳߡ۵ġձǳ Ƭʾϵװ׳ʹ졣

йʱһձ˵꣬˵ͱ䡣񶼵ſ籩 ıߴ

ְһֽ֪ͨ㳡 ɫĹϡ֪ͨ˵
ʱ䣬ܱ߾ҴͶߣӳ㳡 쳪ԼҹȺӰܱȺ ϢǿҪҴա 칫Ӧڼǿú㳡ͨ 桷췢z2009{152 ţ涨㳡Ӱܱ߾ ԼСι۹Ϊǿ ϣͬ㳡áС

ù 2012  3 15 ա

һλԱ͸¶ڹٷǰСʱǵ ˱ְֹ֪ͨףۺ ᡱܶྯһɫֲˡ

3  15 ڻƽʱŽĿ ڱϢŲһƵĹˣ ӹ沿۴Ĺ档ڱʱֹ̨档ڸձĻȫ˴ϣ ٷֹ̨ĳŵƵĹ漤಩̾˲Ϣ䣡 ѣ΢Ϊֿʼ ˡģָͬӵλɫСƬ󣬻οͰƵ꣬ӵԳĳƵꡰԷṩߡ 绰е绰Ůƣҵ ջָĿǰӵСö͡ԪңͬҹԪ

ߵʱнߣгץǣ
Ůӷʣ¿Σְ 
ʣһһô죿 
Էƣûµģֿʼˣ 

λʿߺý壬Ϲ 1989 찲Ź㳡ѧ顢ֹȴ Ժ³ˡڰٶϣ1989 꿹 ʷƬϵ̹ˣҲɖ˵⣬ ѧһλǴҲˡ

źǣⶳǶݵġý忪ʼЩ 󡢽Щ仯ǷԤʾһδ쵽ʱ ָֻˡһĽǣڸ߲еķɣϣ ᴫһϢһ˱֧ߣ йпܵġ

ʱйõĺҵܵ 빫ڶԾϢȶ޷ǺϵġйλȶѾ 20 ꣬ͻȻְö ˴һڼٷԱĿǰ״ʱ˳ ȷ˵ֶԱǰ;Ĳ²⴫𡣺֪ܶٷߣƽ¡

3  16 գȿԼ΢֣л ҶǵĹġһЩʵںܺã ûнܵ顣ǻý屨ࡣ˵ Ľְͼûκιϵ Ҳͨý崫ȿĽȵԼ˵ ƽ̹һĸﾭˡˣ ʲô

ٷڱ¼ϵĳĬֻùڵȤϽ ͡һλڲϱĻ˵ȫ 38 λ Ա뾯һˣѺڱһСϡ ƣǣ 50 λεĺѾݵĹ Ա3  19 ҹһλ΢ϷһϢ˵ һȺ߾ۼڵ̨ǰʲô ͱйصشˡ֮󲻾ã˵׶ ͱҪֵϲȫװľʿ֤ȯгܿίֳƣϺܡ֣ ÿ·ڶ¡йһλʫд 죬۶ƽ¥ѡƹдǱߴǹӿ

Щӣһվȥһƪ˵ڱĲ侯һ䣬 Ѻκ¼ұץˡйһλ߸ң ĺüλѰҹ绰Ƿ䡣ڶ죬΢ϵ֤ʵǹǼٵģ ߵڵ̨ߣΪڲɷó⽻ һŷʱϵȷ侯Ǹһں½Ҫƻ¼йء

ٷƽϢҥԣкϷվ繥3 µ׵ 4 ³ҵ⵽ڿ͹ġ¼ĶߣԶӵһٲ 档⵽Ǳ FBIȷ˺ڿǴī һվ𹥓ĵġѶڱܶĻϢ ¶ΧƱŷıȹرպü ڣĻɼڿͶԸվ֮ء

3 йһϢŶԹ 16 ҡ ҥҥվ˹رգ΢Ѷ΢ ҥԡеվЩȫ֧ ֱķߵģΪǡ⹥ Լٿĵ˲εƶϡλ дҹǣǡݱǿǡ ɡԼԼ鷳

Ȥǣڹٷͼסжԡվͬʱڵ˫ڼڲͺͺýעϢ

3  24 գһҪץס˹ڵע⡣й һڲϱְַ΢˵ߣ ϹϵıķӢص㣺졣ˣꡣ 򣺲顣ʬδֱӻ𻯡޷֤ʵҥ

ָġӢķָ.£ꡱ ΢ָԹܷɱĴơϢ Ǻµʬ屻ӵףڶԱΪ ʱˮ档

ʵϣΨһһ¶.֮ ɵġ΢ϢԺ󲻾ã2  15 գ ĩһλ¶ӵĶţƱ һλӢ˽кµıɱйϵ߰һ Ϣ΢ܿͱٷɾˡ

һҿ.֮ǣţû йýٷˣ 3 µ 4 ³ýע һֱڱŵβ档ûʲô. µϢܶ˾һϵ̫ǣǿˣһλί ǵӣɷķڵȨƽ̨绽꣬ ΪҵϵһЩСȥɱһˣһЩӳ ϢЦǷ˺ġ

ȻӢýȴע. ӽ¹ݣԭй Ȩ֮ע˹ءڴԼʱ ý壬硶ձŦԼʱÿյ ѶBBCӢȣ.µϢƴ һ𣬸ּӽЩɫϸڣȻ һЩ֤ƶϡ

 1970 ׶صĿ٣ͶӢ Ĺ޹ѧ1992 ˴ѧ(뻪ѧҵ һʽѧĻѧѧϰġ ׶صġÿյѶ˽⵽±ҵصӢ ҵ룬һǡӢƷר һ𣬽һӢΪĹġû ɡ

90 ĩٴйԼ ʱõòٺˡǰӵĴ ϣһֽдɽļôˣһڴ һСƷ۷˴ڡһҹ֮䣬ּ ǿʼ˹Ŀ࿴ˣЩὲ ĵˡѧĵͻȻ֮䷢Լ ط̨ڽĿﰲˣ˵йҲó˾ͨ˽ ĻԵˣȻԵҵﺽУͬй˾ҲˣʾǾйʹ˾ ƣЩǰںӪ

׵İϻĿʽӢдһ˵.ķ˹Ļ˵ĵĴˣйӢ ͨһ߹ٵĶӿĴǵһӢѧУ ͥιϵݣ ˽ʦһʡͼѵһ ᵽйϵ΢֮ȴԼƭ ǣһȨ֮ɫ̥. £ΪǾйѡ·

1998 ꣬ڴõһݹǮ˼ҵĺ ӽӢܶǮ˶ܳϣѺ͵ȥ ܽһλµй˻䣬Ǹ òӢʿԼĹѪͳΪһһλЍ ԺԱ1925 굽 1935 ʱӢפ¡ ³ƣŹӢսʱ˹.񼪶Ů й뱡ҽѵģ»˵ 90 ĩȿϹϵӢʦùϵ ϹϽĸУ޹ѧһӢԤѧУ

ҵһλȴɺµ˵˵Ӣ  2003 ꣬˵ϹҲڶ޹ѧʱ򣬲ʶ ȿġȿдһţҽǹ޹ѧУѣڶйԼȥ׶شһʱ䣬ɲ Ը档ȿͬˣ˼ʱ򣬹ȿΪӣȾӢꡣʾ벻ú󷵻 Щ¡Լڵʱ򵣵Ϲϵʱ ˡںļǼ棬Ϥȿ˺µԼ䵱ϹѧУļ ͥϵˡĩӱϹϣ㱡Ϲסڱλ ׶סµķȻûбģصй˾ñҵϱ

űϵʡҵ·ĵн˹⣬Ӣйҵᡣ

мίĹԱ¶ȿڳʱҪ°ҵļʲܻߵǮת ƵӢµпΪЩǮת ִ뺣֮ϵ¶ξ Ķֽṩһǿɡ

һλڱϤ˵̫ӵ˵߲ͱ ָأûܹһ£
Ұͣɶһ ίԱܹ侯ʹµϰ̨ ͬʱͨǷֶΣӻԪʽ תƺ⡣

ϢԴ˵͵һָضԣѸݱ볣ǿԸëʱмλ߲ ˣΪвëľȨָػҰģͼѵëȲġԲܶԱ ʼʩҰĺԸΪμұеĹ ⣬Ҳûȷ֤ݣ˵ƻȨԼ͹ҵԡ

У¼ұȫ˴Ļἰƫ뵳ĸĸƣͼصĻĻʶ̬ϵģ·

⣬뱡ָܵͬðηաĿǰûĸԱڸǸɾģһ еĴ׻˭ƨ϶ʺ鱡һ ܻǣĸ߹٣ڹҷӦ

Źȿ뺣ıɱйصϸ¶߲ 쵼ͬ⣬һܹԱһıɱָأ˱֧Ϊı绤 ξֳԱܿʹһ¡ᶫ¼ վ֡һ˵δ˽ ȫ֧ξֵ˱ľ ʾԱ¼һҪ£Ҫ ɺʷĿ飬ҪͰһݽ ҪηһߣȖ屡ķ⣬ ⡣ͻĵߣ ǿ˵

3  19 գ  ְ  죬ձ šһڲ ϢԴ˵Ⱦڷ ܻмίѺ ܵˡ»˵ תһС Ѷָء

һλԳǱѵѧʦ Ϸԣ˵ձıȫҥԣ˵ ̹̹شļ˶֪Ĺ Ѻʱˡ

4  10 գձ΢һϢ ׼һҪͨ档Ȼһ죬ȴûиһ ϢӕҲûзκͨ档ǿʼ ϱʾձɢҥԡҹ 11 㣬 Ѿ˯̨жڲĽĿ ͨ棺
ڱͬ־Υͣݡй³̡͡йɼذ鹤 йع涨ֹͣ䵣εξίԱίԱְйɼίԱ顣ضи顣
˽Խפɶ¹¼󣬶ӳ 2011  11  15 Ӣ 챻һظ߶ӣרų˸飬 ʵǵ̬ȣ˸顣
ݾ飬ȿͬ־ӣͬ ¹ȥؾã򾭼ìܡ ɱȿԱشɡȿӹɱ˷˾ ء

Щһֱͨ΢ͺý׷ٴ˰˵һ̶̵ͨ治ȷѾͲ²ġ ڶ죬һ־һλԱĻϸڣ ˱֮ǰĳ棺
4  9  2 ʱСʱ̣ ʱڱļУ߲Աһһмί ¼鲿żͬµִﱡҡ ֪ͨҪÿһᡣ
ΪøĹٳ֣֪;ĩ· ʱ62 ıҪԼݴ绰·ѱжϡЩԱ˵һ̣׼⻹ҳɵ⡱
ڱǰתԼԱ˵ߣҶҪغԼұʷŵ롱
һɫߡڵִúйԱһλмίǺعǿξֳίеĵڰ˺һλ֯Դ 칫Ӧƻ
һһļ25 ξίԱ֮һıְͣӽıɱ顣
ܺãӦ˵ֻʵˡ

ڱϢԴİ汾Ϸ绯һЩ
ãξֳί СǲȻмί˴ߣ Ѻڱһܵص㡣

ϢԴ˵֮Ҫ󵥶һΡ Ҫ󱻾ܾܾ֮Ա˵ ûȨʡһΣ˹Աһ⡣һڣųĬΪ˸ʩѹ ӵĹԱҲѾѺϢ Ӿɥ

ͬʱйٷͨѶ» 4  18 շۣ ýıָƵıǳءӽһ°˵ϰߴ ɫ۾һЩ˲ĿԴŵ˵Ľչػˮʯ




丸ӡ

1990 ָ꣬ΪνӰʱ 񵽣׵ùʷҲӳ䵽ϡ žƵˡ

ĸױһһĴαѺǰ ϸ 30 ΪĹ͵»񵳹ѺĴ 60 Լͬ־ָ ΪͽڡĸУ׶ǣڼ ˷ӹѺҲЩȥԼǺͬ־ зǣĶָͼָëڡ еļΪ

׺ͶӶָǰޣʱڣ ǰ֧ǣǵҵȹ͹֮ ǾͶϲ˸ᡢŮˡ ĵڶӣɷۡ

1908 ꣬һйвʡɽһƶ Сʱһƶϴĸ޷ĸӡ ĵܵܳãĸͰӤӽһƶһ˱һۡǸѧʱ򣬾 ֯˼ο鵱˰Ļ 25 ʱ й

֮󣬱һΪйµ֯ߣ ɽȻ򡣹佯ʯʼȫѹ һ1931 ꣬аͽ̣ λڱıƽ˷ʡԺ1936 ꣬ձȫ ֮ǰ쵼˵һձռ챱һ ᱻɱй뱱ֱʾͬҪһ  61 λеԱǩ˼ٷʡ飬ʡڵط ֽϡһӵͷų

һλѵ룬һص磬һ ľɽ¹ɽתԼеĹһԼ֧ߣë󶫵Ķ飬 ڽϿչΓս1945 ձΪ׵ͬ˹ Ӵܣй˹սһΪ˹һӰľ졣1949 ë󶫶ʤ󣬱һ ΪйһβҼίΣ ڹëѣʱһӾ

һ 1966 꿪ʼġĸڼͻ ϡй桰˸񲪡ͷĿڳһűֽ濯  1936 걡һǩԱͷŵġ¡ѱֽʸëǴһǹͽһε Ļϣһݼٷʡ֪ë󶫣ͬ ͽָأһº߼ɵĴߴ£ëı

 1967 2 £ëӼһǴʱ ˱һ
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ëĽ˱һˣ 35  ʱģʽ۵ӵĵ̨һ

1967  3 £һ 60 λϸɲ30 ΪǶԹļᶨͶ񵳼ڷ Լ˵ꠑ֮ܶĹҵһϹŴӱνֱ֣ŤϱȺڴ һֱڷҪΪԼ绤

ΪĨڱһַȫΧƣҷʲ׼ʽȨҲ ֶͬζԸӡ

ع 60 ڡĻϯȫ֮ʱ ̱κηݵġʱһָΪ ˸ΪϲӰȫҰ˿ӵ 14  ¡

бСӣĿСһİ ˵һϲӢɫӰ۴ ƬɫС˵⽨С˵ӹ׺ɫϾ 磺
ڹʲ׼ĸȫҰ˿ˣռ Ժ1960 ꣬һڳǰΪ 600 Ԫڹµ깺˿һɸ߼װɴ ʽ˯¡򸾡Ů˲ڻһľ һɸ˲Ρھʱڣÿ ᣬȨƣ󿪺ţ⻯Ķ Ӳ⡢ϡëߡЬ¼͡ǡˮɡ ϡףгһֱꡢɨۣӦ Уض飬ԼͥΪùұر 1962 ڹĳһλڼ䣬һԴС һαװű³¥ȥغãȺ¼Ӱ졣

һĺÿ˶һķӣÿݻŵ̺ɳÿС뵼гĶŮӲëϯͶ˶ 뷽跨ӱܡʱҪԱΪҵϰr вʹƢʱСѧȥЬôײ߱ߴʹ˿ ÿ췹ſڣ֣粡¾Ҫķ ϴǸ͵ʲ׼С㡣

Ĵ˵ ΪҲŲأ ֻҪ飬廪ԺרҡԱ ν˸߱һЦ֮

ĴŮѧҵͨ⽻ߺšͬŮ ķһ䵽פӢ촦ŮϴѧҪתѧת ϵͨͺڰ½ߺšŮͨڽĹؾתĴѧ

ǸԱĸָһ̰ϰ Ԫ60 һ״Ե̫ëƤˣ˵ЦϡȻЩȾ㹻ñһڼﱻ 12 ꡣ

1976 ë󣬺ΪйǵĺҫյһһţҪ󸴲İӡҫ֯ר飬 ص˶Աһָء ʹ ˰ˣܶࡰĸ֧ ߻Ȩ κëξҪ뷭 ൱ ҺúҫȨ쵼˵ Сƽ֧һ Ⱥ֮󣬵𽥳ͷ Ϊйʷ һҪ

1977 ꣬רύ һݱ棬жԼ˵Ĳɷú֤ʣ˽һȹԱ 30 Ѻ 䣬ǲûбѹһۣ1978  12  16 գһİӱʽƽָ˸ξ֡

⵽ѺŰһԶëĹ ҳϡںëʱһ֧йľøĸκϵɻ

˵ݹһһж𱨵ϰߡ1927  5 £Ϊµµ׷һеѼУðŵԴΣվ˱һ Ѽұڼ䣬һѵŮ˽ 飬һŮŮΪ⽻һԱ

ĴתˣһԼ鷢飬 ڹ㶫40 ͶһҪ 飬⵽ӾܾһʹλС һŮ˵ǰǲʵģֻ һ𽥸еǳ̡˵֡

ͬ飬ԾŮһʮ £һǰ˵
ʱǻȥʲôҲû룬Ұְֶ ֮ʵ˼ҵġʲ ô취أҲһŮˣŮѾ̥ Ҳڲ˰

Ůֽк˽֪˺ƯҴ 16 μ˸ι㶫ʡȺй㶫ʡί顢й֯¡뵳 УоԱ븾ίоԱְ1945 ꣬뱡һ顣1949 뱱Ⱥвί¾֣Ͷ˾еʩܾ֡ 鱨֣ڶṤҵ ֣δ ְֳֳжŮ ĵڶ ӡ

һڡ ܵȺ  ʱ  ڹݣ1967  1  5 գر    Уڴӹݵ 16 ر쳵ϣ ׵ˡĺ˵ɱı˵ Ǳģʱ겻 48 ꡣ

80 ʱҪǰ飬ȿ飬 Щ˱һλ˵ְһ һȥǰΪԴҫ̬ȣ ۵㡣ҫǾиĸʶǣڱһ ʮѺ˺ܴá1986  11 £ȫдѧСģʾҪ͸ԹԱܡº ģѧ˶һԤݡһǿӲվһߣָҫĿЩҡ1987 1 £ҫڱһԪϵѹ£ȥһְ 1989 ꣬ҫͻಡȥȫΧѧ˶Ǳһ֧˵Сƽѹľ

ϸһΣ 22 󣬺κ¼ұ˶Ǻҫĵӣ˱һӵġ




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1949 깲ȡȫȨ֮ǰΓսԿ װĹ񵳣йｨ˹㷺ĵ ֯硣Ƭг⣬дӢµ µ˵̸ܵ Ҫ鱨ҹܸ֯籨ǹ ͽ͵ˡҺͳǧ꣬ǿЩӰƬ ģղķ˹.µļӰƬǺű׼й ġںܶһԱ͵ǵһ 鱨ԱҸ׼빲ʱҺʧһҲ ڵӰ￴Щصļ

ºͯԹӡ󣬿ܱȽϽӽ ĹйȨ 60 ԺȻͬµ֯ءڱйؼĹ鲿 һûб־ûƺ롢ûе Ĵ¥칫Ҫľܻġ߲쵼¾񼸸ֵұܡκι ǵĸϣΪһܡ2012 ʮ˴֮ǰ ʱĸϯϰƽ˵вӹʧڶûжκνܾ͡͸¶ϸڣ Ĳ룺ЩΪ䡣

һκйϢΪܡȫ֪Ѻġ 2012  4 £ٷֻмί顣

мίܲڱƽ 41 һûֵİ칫 ¥мίһʲôĻܶйڹٷý ϳ֣ҵ

άֹһרƷ治й쵼㣬 һڲķҲǴϵ£֧һֱ쵽 емίල 8000 ԱΪмίʱ ˸֣ǰĸ֣ڸϵ ԱеĸܰĸظʡϹԱ ̰⡣

ûһĹý͹ȥල мίֻܴϷṩľٱˡݹٷý һݱ棬һ ܵ˵İӣ Ǹݸܻšһ ҪԴ Ըָ߲ʾʹﵽ߲֯߻Ͷߡ

80 ĩŵڸܱøأ мίĽɫҲʵˣȨȥ ܸ߹ٺͨɲǣ˾Լһַ ְҲмίµǹػ߻ һҪȻмί˳ˣ߻ֻ ƺ

ڼ䣬мίһ˫桱 ĹԱҪڹ涨ʱ䡢涨ĵص㽻⡣ мίڷɵ鿪ʼ֮ǰн롣ʱ򣬵 Ա˾ѺһԶĵطԱ ĵϵȨӰϵ˵ ιڶϸڵ˽⣬ƻҲ Ȩ߲𺦽СԸϹԱĵ飬Ҫξ׼ξֶЩָؽȨ⡣ ζţ˹Ա뱻˽׶ΣȾξΪˡݹٷý屨1999 굽 2009 ꣬мίĵ ˶ͥоģг 100 λ߼Աа˱ ̣20 ͽ̡߹мһ仰첻£ز£мί̸Щˣԭг ڱѺǰηɱεˡ

ھѺڼ䣬ָصĹԱʣһԱĹʣĹԱͨͱ쵼λ ְˣȻǵİƽ˾ͥС ЩжǲԹڿŵġ 1992 мίĵ 鵼˶λ߹ٵĴʡίǡ߷Ժ ԺɽʡίǺ͹ȵȡ

ڱԱ֮һϰмί ѰΨһϣ

мί̨˺ܶɹ۵ͳƱ棬û˭Ÿ ڱƶԵؽܵķΪϵȱ ͸ȡ̵ǣҲͬķ͸ʽС ȥмίΪһԽԽǿħ֣ ڷ֮ϣ谭йƵĸĽάȨ ʦĪƽ˵мίġ˫桱ʩӸΥ йܷ
ɹ涨κûоԺ׼ ܱɡ˫桱ָľɡǵԱԱǰһûо ˾һɴӷǽͨġ

ڽӵһ漰߼쵼Ĵʱξ׼£ мίһ˵ר鿪չ飬Լִ˾ڱһУмί˵ɳ һһ졣⣬һС鵽 ۺ͹ȥѼйرͥƲ֤ݡмίĵ˲˾һ֣ȴзɳڡ˫桱 ڼ䣬мίԱԱ侯ͽû ΥмίͨƱ֤Ӽٰ칫ҵõ˰ջصõɡ ռ֤ݡָ˵ĴȵȨ˾ϵͳ ֻжһߡ֮мίǿƷͥʵʩԼо飬ͥκζĿռ䡣

2007  5  29 գʳƷҩƷල־ֳ֣ һͥҩгְ Сְ꣬е֣ǵмί 顱ͥдƽߡͥĬˣø ְ̡

мίԵñԺȨ Ժ׼ȫ¼Ժд̵оȷ йר˵ԷҪνࡱ壬 мίָ˽гʱѺϳ򡣾йֹʹỵ̈ȴûĹ涨ӷ ֳĬƹѶձġ

һλʦƽ˵мίʹ̷˾ Ϊءңӡƶִ УȨҪı־ǣһܵ˵ˣ Ȩʦڼ䣬øֶλȡ֤ʣ ڷͥϱ֤ݡ

صļίڳ˵طԱַǳҪ һߡ飺ʡί쵼¹Σȴ ԿЩ쵼¼£쵼 һЩߣؼίҪе顣ʱ򣬵 סĳһλӵʱ⼸˻дͶߣݺ֡

һмίǿƷɲŵѡ񡣷ǱһȺ߹һߡмίҪ ֮һǹ˵κβļ٣п˺ 쵼ģ򹥻еģΪĳ˶Խ¶ĳ߹γŵġܵͷģЩ̨Ӳģ ǱصĹԱר˵һЩ һЩ֮ϵķʽͽΪʲôйʢСھͰŸܡǰᵽģͨ ĵ飬뾭ξͬ⡣ξֳίܾԵ ⣬Ϊ߲ڵ࣬ƻȨȶ

ëʱȡģҴëԼ κγԱְλߣһΪв һҹ֮䱻ϡͽʱҡñӡûзܺˡëʵۣĻǷɡ ȺӼܺ˵ȫҡһǸ͵ӡ

ë 1976 ȥԺܹëȺĵԪǣΪ˱⵳Ȩ̣ͳθ߲ ԱĻȨĳЩһ쵼 ϵһҳΥԼƶĳʹмί֡ĸȺϸɲ 췴ɡԱܵϴ

ںʱ˵ĽӰ˰мίΪһߣԷ彫ζֶǰϯɹؽǰξίԱίǳϣͬΪϣͬԼ ġȨ

һٴǿмίʵʩ ࡣмίһϢԴ˵ĵص㼯 .ıɱеĽɫܿأ ⱡͼڸӵıɱΪû ȷ֤֤ıɱǰԳ׵ ݻٱ˵߲쵼ָʾмίת򸯰ܺ͵߸ 򡣴 2012 5 ¿ʼ˴ģƣ ѱһ̰٣ʹ÷Ƿֶλκ;档ͬʱڲ֪Ҳý崫 Ƶġĳ

磬5 СʮϵϢ ԴŦԼʱ֤ʵ㷺 һ׼ϵͳڵļй߲ĵ绰3 ³ͳֹƵı ˵һƻʦ

жʼ֮ǰΪҲϵͳһ֣Ϊ˴ͱ 
Ϣʿ˵ΪΪȨ ֱսǿΥͶڽܵ ı׼ŬԻȡȨ ھԱĻɣɵ뵳ĸ߲㣬 ＾쵼λʱĿȱ

ͬһһ۵ıֽһϢʿĻ ˵üװãռԸ߲쵼˺˵ĸϢƻڵǰ¶ЩϢΪ ȡȨƻһ֣ңбҪȻĽӰ ϰƽ

һλ켼ԱطԱ칫ҡ Ͳװáԡ˵ ʱڵ죬ʮձ顣2011 ꣬300 Աӡˡ˾ܰװ¶˵ڸ ȨУһֳʹùһԱǻ̽ռҪ¼¼֤ݣ֡Ա֤ ģ챱ǰίһλ Ů¼һλ߷ŵϺ2013 ְλżƻ¶Ա˵Щ¼ 90% Եڡ

Узһλ˵йЩطԱͬµѾɹĳ̶ȣǼӵ ȻŽ̸ΪȷûЯ΢¼ ¼ЩѡӵĹԡ̸⡣һλ ǰķĹڱԴ 񲻽̽ζ֡ʿӣһ ̽λ˵󣬱Ҳʼѧ㲻 ˸ı˾ͻ㡣㲻ܲɡ 

ֹˡ2012  3 µ 7 £Ҷڽӵһ֪ ˡĵʼ绰˵йڱġ Ϣһʼ˵Ĺֳ  5000 ֧50 ӵԱܵ䡣

ձҲӵƵϢһӰ ųԱһұֽھ˹ϵ Ľѱ̸ѯ뱡Ĺ ϵ

ڵǣûôԶھϲ ֧һһ̫ӵмһһ֧ߣĽξֳί

¹Ա˵λһ½ʱ뿪2011 ꣬ѴԼ 5 ԪĹ췢չֱɻҵӵ Ҫ

ݹٷý屨ȥ 11 £оϰҲϯˣϰ֮󣬱ΪĿ˱ ˺ݳ

ձ·ıֽҲھӵѣṩܰ һ֧˽˲ӡνõȴ Ҳûз֡

ϵλרңָý ڲϢ˱ھеӰ Ұġλר˵ڹȥ 30 ֻ߲ͨ ս˶ԾӵĿƣʹĳһָӹԸ ֱ֧þ޿ܡӶִĻãҲܵ װϸơ㱡̫ӵϵУ ΪίǣһҲǼ ޵ġ

רԣһľ ѧҲ졣򽻵һ㲻֡רǳϣ5 ˱ҪЧҵͺ ϯ֤ӷȫֶ֧Աİ4 ίԱḱϯ˳ɶսʿǡ ҪҪţҪκҥԣԤϵ 塱ȻԲӻῴйر߹ٵĸָܳţΪǿӶԵĵġ 
˸ҥٷý͵֪˻ѱΪһαӡ 2 һνУѵɲ˵
ĲƸʲôǮ˶ˣ £ΪҡΪ£УҲʵ

ǣģԼû ӶǮ̰ġ˵ȥʮӹ 30  ҵزĿ˻ؿۻ򡰷ѯѡڴ죬ȨѼ̽ѣ ȫѧϰëϯͨ ԹҵİԼѶ͵Ӣƴѧѧϰοѧ󲿷ַö֧ġ

˼ǣע⵽ 2012  3 £֪͸¶ȫҵĲƮb˵ 1 Ԫһºӵ 10 Ԫб˵ 50 Ԫ

4  11 գ繫˶Աȫ˲ һ˽һĶӺ ںעĹ˾ӡϵë˹ձȺӢάȺȫƸ 1.36  ԪʹòͬעᣬʹٲѯͷκЩ˾ľҵ񣬱ϼѡ˵ Щ⹫˾ͶʵУд ְĳеһЩҵ

ƪй΢Ϲ㷺ʿ ṩ˴ڵûϵƪ ýһϵбй߹ٵ壬¼ұǰξֳί壬Ǿ޸ˣΪ Ĺϵػ

й߲쵼ǣҼҶгԱڴ¿ɵĻǷǷ⡣Щع⣬ʹʶ ôû˭Ǿ԰ȫġϢԴ˵ Ϊѱɹؾξֳί֮⣬ĵ˶ 㿪ʼȴ7 º 8 £ٵȶ ͼǱ쵼ǵļȵ档

ڱ븯صдУעģ йŮɫݡѶһ۱ֽһڲ Ϣʿԣ˵ݹԻŮ漰 뱡ԳšϢԴ˵ŮԱͬϴ Ի 1000 Ԫ 2004 굽 2007 ꣬ټ 10档һ˵ֹμ 2012  5 µɵӰڣȥġΣչϵһƬ Ӧһû۸߼Ժ򿯵һĲѶ۱ֽ ϡдʱԺԴһûвöҲûбС

һϢʿһٲΰķʽϸⷢйرϢһǱĴ ҲڱĨȥҵɱģܿ챻 ų۰״Ĺȡǰˡ족ľ޴ơ˾족ͨ족ɭ족ƽ 족͡족ļƻǱһ ĽĿ꣬ΪЧݵ塣ΪξίԱıΣ׼Ĳ ͣౡģĹĿ

 2012 5 УڱʱڱѺְ Աмίݽ룬ı󸴖ǵİ˻ָ˹Ŀǰʮλһ߹٣ 򱻽ְ

ȻԱ̣߳һЩңԣ˵ڼƻε ʱЩǱĿĻƻһ ֡Ϊ˺ܶ£ļƻϰ ļƻ 11 £һæֵͨͤ һλ־Ը˵ᵽ˹ȥĳƺ Ҷ֪Ǻλʱ򣬽ϸȫˣ лҲˡ·ľˣɾˡǲ ӦðһжƷΪЩ󣬡־Ը ˵ڴµĻڿš2012  7  յʱеĹϣð˺ܶû տ֡

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˶Ůˣ Ϊˮ֮ˮָ ȨǰòŮˡ




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1952  10 µ 11 Ѯڸϱ ʵķǾԶһľСϣйʿ Ϊ׵ϹϳʲӵĶνʷ ơϸսۡ˽ɽսۡл ͹־Ը 15 ίȾ֪һ ս֮ҪָӲӣȽö ǿأ˾޴һսĳɵĵ Ӱϸ롷ڱӰƬľ䡣ս 󣬹ȽȺйվ͹ְͬй ֮ǮѧɭһչйĻͺҵ йһԭӵ

йʱμҡѧҡ¼ҡ ҷ͵ĺ͵ƷѧαеĽ ġ 14 μӸμӹսͽս ɹ󣬷ڱίУְ

͹Ⱦϸ 40 飬 ŮСľǹȿ޸

ھǳƹȼŮ𻨡 50  һְӰƬ֣ǿ ׷԰Ĺ¡ȼҽòӵòҵ϶ܾþӪҵۻֵ 10  Ԫ

ܸĸŲĹȥȿȴһ ȶʱڡ꣬ĸһλ ߵ֪ʶӱ⣬ɡɡĸױѺ ֯Ҫɷ飬ԱȾǰ; ʱǹлõ쵼ɲ ǰ;ͼ֮ͥѡʱȾѡ˼ͥҪ ᵳ֯Ҫ󡣡˽ⷶ㣬Ƚд  15 뵳ӳУѧϰ߼Уҵս гҳϼ꣬һж˵˵ ԩҺ飬ǰϾ·Լ֯ôðŰɡ 

ȽΪԼѡ񸶳˰ְۡҪĹƳxĿμˡ1966 ꡰĸ ӱֱѺ 12 ꣬ڴڼ䣬Ƚ뺢 Ǳ˴˲֪䣬ȿͽǹŹ¶һŮǵУȽдһǵдգ
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13 ꣬ȿбҵĸ㶼͵ũ塰 ٽĴҲͬϿ䵽һ ˾ȿǵ߽תһҹӪʳ⣬˸Ůģȿһλý ˵ȥʵ仹СʵϺܾҵ ˳ơһ׼һȥ˿Ҫ⣬г١

ҵʱ䣬ȿʼѧãϣܹΪְҵ ּҡһѧͻᣬܿʹﵽרҵˮƽ1976 ꣬ ˱ӰևζԱΪëϯǲ¼ӰƬðࡣ

ëĸĸӼͷţȫžˡ߿ָ֮󣬹ȿϰѧûѧ ѧԼ֡ҿĿƿĿɼǣ Ǳ֣1978 ＾20 Ĺȿ˱ѧȺ˷ѧʿѧλ͹ѧ˶ʿѧλ2012  10 £ĵһԡŦԼʱ˵ȿ һʼûϱѧǷ˱ңͨϵŰ˱

ڴѧȿУ԰Ϊ˳۵̫ӵ һԱĴƯͼͥʹܿд Ŀ70 ĩѧÿĩٰᣬȿ ˵ĳ͡һϣһλӢ ĸ߸ˣˡλ˵ĸ ǲ˾ԱȽѡѧڶ꣬ȿ Ѿѷ֣ͻС70 ĩǶʱգ ǰΪΪǵ°ܻ⡣һ֣ ѶٱΣաѺˣһ ڲӰųĮùȿ𾪡˵ ѵİ£˹ѷ֡һλͬѧ ǵãһǿ³Ůԡ

ȿһҹٷý˵1984 ꣬Ժһ λȥʱʶ˱ܳݡ ĵһλȴ˵ȶڱѧʱѡȥ μᡣ¼µġ籨ϵһƪд˵ ȿĵί Լĸ˱Ƚϡе С˵￴ˡ ͹ȻΪͬľǵĸĸ ǴɽμӸģ ĸжܵȺȿͽڸĸ ڱĻг ĸױѺĸں Ҳչˣ ͷ

˹ϵ޿췢 չ߷壬ȴ 鷳顣1986꣬ȿѧϰĻᣬ޸˱Լ 9 ıڶ꣬ӱ Ϲϳ

1987 ףɹͨĹʦʸԣΪĸйõִյʦ֮һ1988 ꣬ ίǣˡʦΪйһԼֿ˽ʦ ʦ֮һɷĹԽԽߣȿ Ҳ÷ˮ

1995 ְ꣬ѿʦչ˱

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ĿǰΪֹû֤֤¼ұָʾȥ 庣ĹϵĻѧ߳Сƽ ʿΪξֳίܹǸ 2011 ָʾѺµˡ

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ǻӭйԺе飬 йصķԱһйȷʾϣ ԸðĿܷϹȨ־׼Ҫʵʩ̡

Ӣһλй˵ǵһλ 鱨˱ɱˣָӢ˵ʲôأйо仰 ٺʲˣСưͳԻп˵




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ĻУ߹⵽ϴ 汻ɡͽڼ顢С 򣬳Ϊɷеһۡ 鱦ĸŸ˵Ƕʲ׼ʽ 1967 ǿϳʱۺ͸߸Ь ϹһȦƹȨ䡰˴ 

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1971  9 £Ϊë󶫡սѺͽӰˡд µֱԪ˧һʧˡݹٷָأǿҵĴ۵Ȩ֮ģıըëרУɱ ΰ䡣ëϯֱͼӶҪӵǵķɻȼϺľ׹ɹŻĮ

ֱëֱ֮Ϊܡʵ鱻ءȫΧġ˶

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һµУйڵעת ʮꡰĸйһп֮Դ ëʮ궼ڳ˯Եģǻ Ӧøлʱ쵼Ժʵķ ġ׶εУǫֱֳ̈̄ һ¡ʮܺ˺֤˳֤ ˣ߷ύ˴֤ݡĿ˵ĽҲлᷢ ˵Ǿ̻¶ĻҾë һҧ˭Ҿҧ˭

֮ܶǰͳΪˮŮһ౻ дͽ̡1991 ꣬סҽԺϵɱ

2000 ÿһλ߹򸯰ָرʱܵ Ǵǵ鸾һηϣм ί˵ǵķսۣЩ̡ 

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ڿҴɵĶԹȿʱܲ ֮ǰЩǵȽϡ

2012  5 £ý忯ձʿ һƪﴨԱĶҲɷá߳ƣ βɷùҪЭ˵Ҫ󣬲ŵԼ ġﴨ˵

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2012  8 £޵̨ۣۼȷ ˮ֮˵

۶̫ӵǶйȨԣȿԳƵ ǡջˮȿҲԼ־ ̫ӵʲôκ Ҷԣȿֹ볣ί̫ӵʧȥ ͷţǻ¡

ȿԸ䵱Ľɫпʱ Էͥʾˡл

һʯһѹҰ࣬ جһһΪҶ 쵽ͥ

ӵķ͹Ҵ˺ܴʧӦеΣҽԶİлlԱҵ˵ ػ֣ͥرʾΪάϣԸ̹ܲȻκоҲڴͥо

һλμһֱٹȿУ˵ ȿܴеɷ򣬱ĸ߲ϣдԶ粵ıɱָأ ͻҲйձ飬 ûǸԱǸɾģָأѶñǣȨ⣬ıɱָ һЩҲΪʲôȿļûн ı绤֪ûõġȿˣȾĸ߲㣬Ƿͥϵķپˡ

ȿйһ£ϡһԼͬʱҲȿǱӲκָأ ɷ̵Σաֵǿǣ УûбᵽһΡϤӵڲ֪ ˳ϣȿ֮һס

йһϻɽڣûաȿ һסһηı䣬жɽĻ ᣬԼĸĸ͹ڡĸʱһ ˣҪġ

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ڴ˰ǰãҪй쵼ɲȷ ˥ľѵ˵ʶ˹ȿıɱ κʷ˵й˥ľѵ ܿ뵽ˡջˮ⼸֡

 

һʷ˶ƯŮܹ̥ҡʱһ̰ƺλ谵֮ʱ














ܿܡھЩȨ еʤ߱ǶȨ ʽҲָ𡣶ߺͬ򶼱 ɱˡ




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λѧ˵ñṩŮ ֡ŮԱԼѧȸУŮ һǣ˯κ͸ܹ

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4  17 գʽѺ͹ȿһ λԳϤ״ĹԱҷʼ˵ξ ٿһܻ飬ϴһ£ ŵĹϵչ飻Ƴٿʮ˴󣬴ԭ  2012  10 ѮƵ 11 £ȼнбܵˡܿ죬ý嶼ͬһϢ4  Ͻڱ͹ȿѰߵйԱ֮һ

1942 йϲĽʡʯͿ̽ ɲ1962 뱱ʯѧԺڵйʯ ʹѧѧϰ̽רҵһרҵ ѧԸⱨΪϵ̽ ʱҪҰȹҵұ䵽й ҵеĵ䷶

60 йʯʹѧڱĴѧ ǺܶԺĺܶҵйӰ ˴󲿷йԴҵ

йůϷ󣬶ıѩض ǺġܿӦȻλ ӼԱʼɺĴӳ 1983 ꣬ ɺʯͿ̽־ֳίǣ̽ί ǺгǸ 120 ˿ڵʯ֮ǡ

1985 ꣬һңĸױһ ׼ݵʱ򣬵뿪ʼȫΧɫᡢܹ ߵȽĵԱɲǵְܸλѵ 43 ѡУ룬ʯ͹ҵ 1996 ֵйĹҵһйʯȻ ˾ CNPC ȻܾʯͺȻй  30 ҵĿ̽

йʯͺԴҲ ;Լܳ㡣80 ĩ90 ½ľʯͻսָӲָӣͬʱξ½ 3000 ๫ʤʯ͹ֵίǡֳɽʡӪ ίǡ

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1998 ꣬Ժ³˹Դء غͺԴıͿɫѡʱ ѧıʯ͹ҵķḻ鱻ѡС ʱйɸոտʼغԴ顢 սԵԴۡ

ԼڻҩͰϣʱ䶼 ڻͻˣһλǰԴԱ˵ˣǲϵسΪͻǹĵİӡ ߵ죬ԼѪ̳ġ

1999  12 £ڵϹԴһŸ֮һα룬 32 Դҵļ ġݵлܣĴʡίǡ

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8000 ˿ڵĴǺܶбҵĵط70 ĩǰĴĸĸĴ ĹҵũҵҲƵ·ӡ Ĺٷϣ̨һϵĴõĴ ƻܹٷûмرЩ¼ƻ ʲôԺܶȨ˵ӵСпѹ ֹĶֹǸǿ֯1999 ڱ һʾ˶󣬱Ϊа̡ʱͨ ֻ磬һСʱڱϺΧۼѧ ԱʹΪڹѧҽѧԺҽѧо ӥ2001 ϣָԾ ȺͿĥֹļˡ

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2002 ꣬ 60 һ꣬ξ֡12£Ϊܶ˲ƾʲôܵ һְ񡣵ʯ͹ҵУһµλʯ Ͳŵ쵼ˣǲȡ׼»Ĺ Ҿܵλãʵ˳µġ

Ϊĳɢ磬߹ šΪžƹȣ˼˵ְ Ͱ˺ܶĴʿƲһС жĿ˶

йʮߴϣΪһƥѡξֳί й쵼ġϰƽ PK ǿһУ ΪԵǰйǽ֧֡ ǰھӡ뾯ֺƹ侯Ĺ ذšһ˽ݺӰ 

б˵ͽݹϵܺ ˵ֻһҥһǿ϶ģܵˡʯ͵һλԱ˵ ʯ͵ͺͽˡҲԸ⵱ ǱȽʺļרȨ λá

ĸ׶.վѡǰ³ಲ ƬʾĽǣ 64 ʱҲʮߴǰϦ˶صıݣ2007  8  31 գӲһ ط־֣߽ԱѵĽ ǰһʮ

˵ξίԱձķԣ Ϊȱⰲȫľ飬οĹȥ 㡣ǽռϷ硣

ίʱĽУ˹صκΣ̵ִλάҳ ξð񰲾ҵǶεһλ

ίʼ 1949 ּ꣬ڼǿԹҾ˾ ơʱŬһսҵĸأ һµĹڵʱίֻ ͷΣû̫ʵȨ

ĸڼ䣬ë󶫵ĹĶ£ݻй Ĺ취ϵίϳˡй޷״̬ ë󶫵ġȺר£κεط֯͹ ضʱٿᡣνĸ ίԱᣬ硰ҡС͵С΢ һЩıٺԷ̡ڱë󶫿 ԲҪκηɣͰĸ߹Ͷ

ںëʱڣڡĸڼ䱥ȺĵСƽ һȺϸıָơί½ ڵڵĵλʹˣ 80 ڣίǵ λһǸԪǰŵְΪԹ ȥ͵һֳӶûʲôȨںҫ εڼ䣬иĸʶһɣͼǿ Ĺܺ˾1988 ίٴα Ϊ쵼С飬Ȩ޷ΧСҲСһЩط 쵼Сֻó˽Ĳ

ηܿһת䡣1989 ѹѧ˶֮󣬵ԪƳµǽԡǿ ˾쵼ίĵλ쵼СٴγΪίְҲࡣ

1999  6 £йֹΪһ ί³ˡ칫ҡרԷ ĸܡռСũǷн¸ڹ ˵ʧҵϽӾᶯί ְȨΧڼӽάȡһ

 2002 꿪ʼίǽξֳί ڹϯ͹Ժ֮󣬳Ϊйʵϵĵ ҪԹ侯ֱӿƣʹȨѽ սʤ

ݹƣϽԱ 1000 򡪡ԶԶй 250 ˣÿ깩άȵԤ㣬 ﵽ 7000  ҡڵ֮СйȨ֮Ƶ ۹˹ҹȫȫ졢 Ժ˾ͽ̡ʦ֤͸ ռĹҰȫϵͳҪǣ˹ 侯飬ʹ֮һرӦ ᶯҡ

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1992 ֲ״ص˴һ־ ˵ʼװСʱؿͨ˷ µطҪѧһԼ鷨ˮ ƽѧῪ£ֻһ

ڴ˰ܸȿʱгķˡ Դӽʶ˹ȿɷõĺôɾ̫ ˡ

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1998 ꣬ʵֹܸҵ޹˾һĶܸ֣ 2001 ꣬˾ﵽ 40 ֣ͻȫйԼϳʡձôŷˡ˾ʲ 20 ҡ

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ܿͻص칫ң2002 ֿʼ˼ðҵ һٱչ˾еĹɷݡ2004 ꣬ ڱ񲿳ʱڴһʯ ˾ִգһƻûʵʩ

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2012  9  9 գڶǰֳУٷļᵽ֣

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¼ұְҵĴӵѧӵļԱʼȻΪʡʾֵĸɲ80 ڵʲ 쵼ְλиĸͷԵǺҫĹϵ ʹΪ칫ΡΣ𵳵ĸ߼쵼˵ ճ1988 Ժҫ֮δǣ һְλϣֱǡ

1989 ꣬ռ찲Ź㳡ʱ ˷˶ƽĸĸƻ¼ұ ʵ˴ίԱ籨ϣ һֹɷ¼ұûзĵ ෴ξֳίΪ ձԪǰڼС뿪죬¼ұ 찲Ź㳡Ժᷢ˸𽲻찲 ɱ֮¼ұֳˡ˳ Ϊߡһλǽ칫 Ρ2003 ꣬ڽ֧£¼ұλ á

¼ұȨʱйʵǰδеľУص⡣90 ǰϣڸ һǿľý֤ĺϷԡľߣȻԴĹȿͻ ļƻ⣬ʾйҵ ༯غʡݺʹС½ȫ 71%סȫ 30%˿ڡ 2003 ꣬ ֵֻռȫ 17%غ½ ͣͣζų֮䷢չĲƶ𣬶ڼ

ȫ򿴣ܶྭѧûָжʲ Ĺƽ̶ȣֵ 0  1 ֮䡪0  ȫƽȣ1 ƽȡйĻָ 2003  0.47 Զڹձ0.24)0.4)зζǣ ӵë󶫳ΪˡĹ˺ũ 䵽ĵײ㡣Ϊ˽չ⣬¼ ͺβȡһϵߣ 2005 ϳũҵ ˰ᱣϵͳ䲼汣С˽ҵЩ ֤߱Ч΢ڽһԹ㷺 ᲻¼ұͺμӿʵʩߵķսۣ ΪѾƻԵΡ2003 ꣬ķ չ˷Χĵˣ 3000 ظܵ Աؽ¼ұͼ̨涨Ҫ߼ɲ ͥһǿ֮߸

ڵڶڣβȡʩֲ֧Ĺҵ֧žãͬʱʿϿѹά ȶ¼ұȴʼƫ뵳·ߣ֧ĸɴ󵨵ۡаýļдᣬ ԹȥеĻ⣬̹ʵĻش ӡ2010 ȫ˴ǰڻش𷨹籨߹ʱ¼ұ˵

񵱼Ҫ ֤ѡ١ߡලȨrҪһලrҪں ȡɵĻ£ÿһ˶õȫķչr Ҫַ˵Ĵ쾫Ͷ˼ά

 2012 ȫ˴ϣĸһʱ¼ұᵽ ߴΡ˵йҪоƸĸҪ Ƹĸرǵ͹쵼ƶȵĸĸ

йʿܣдˡйӰ¼ұһ飬 ѺͶŹ򡣱ͷź뿪йָ ¼ұԴٶնž׶ƶͥĶηʴǹݡȽ¶¼ұ Ͷӵ֮һιϵԼӴ ҵ۹ָ¼ұٽθĸθĸֻΣԼľ档

¼ұ2008 5 Ĵе˫ױǴεɽ 7 ˱ȷɥ 5335 Сѧ

󼸸СʱͳˡԼ ۣ켸ҹָӾ֣ᰲοҴߡǰδ еѺѸӦ˹ǰδеĻӦ ֮ڣڷ׷ܶĴ ؾɢáҲ˼ǰδеȥ 飬Чطֹ˿ҵҥԺͲ²⡣

ȻֹŽһºͻزû ̫áܿ죬Աǻָһĸܺ͹硣 ýĿֻˡܶʧȥӵ鸸ĸۼһ ҪطԱѧУеĶ̽еˡ ǵҪòʱŭľһϵʾ 챻͹Ѻ˺ܶҳȨҡ¼ұ δйԤһλҳ¼ұдţ

ŵعԱָأ˵Ļ߸Ķ 𣿺ϯڴѧѧ̵ġ˽ЩѧУ¥Ǳ־׼Ľ̸ǵġһ⣬ ΪǻĲȶ

ηҿ¼ұԴǣͱġڡսۣûʲôϣ˶ ߣͼڹڲIģ˶ Լġ˵ 2004 ڱ񲿳ʱ ¼ұġ˿һִйó ¼ұƼθһְǵĹϵ ڱȥԺͱýίһλ Ա˵ʼ̫ӵߵøԶ¼ұ ڼϣʹ¼ұһεĻϣ Ĵг˵йܸɶˡ ĻгͺܶŪúΡ

2011 ꣬ģʽȫע⣬¼ұ ȴΪһ̹ʵңִܡﵽͬԣ ƺЧķʽܲʾ߲ͬ쵼ȥ Աģʽ߶¼ұȴֹ֧㶫 ʡίǡζгõĽһ ĸϵɻ¼ұȷ˵ һֱԺҫȸĸΪԲѵذ Լһҵļ̳ˣë󶫺Լĸ ס

ԣ2012  3 £¼ұ˴ڼʣ Ϊһλĸ߲쵼һʵ;˺ܴ塣¼ұָͼָëڡĸ еһЩʹǧǱȺ4 £ξֳίδڲͽ仹ʵ ˾ַʱ¼ұǰǽһ ŰѱΪ°Уܵĳͷ

һλݹԱΪ¼ұԱǿӲ ȫʶ̬ءԼ ˽ӪҵϰȡֶΣ¼ұ; 2013 Լڽ֮ǰ屡ԱԼ ˵档ͬʱе¼ұֹξֳί˵ԼȨԺ󣬽跴壬 ¼ұ˶ͽ

2012  9 £֮󣬸Ϊ 72 ȫʤȻŦԼʱ ¼ұƸı⾡¼ұӱĵ̨ лõһСԼ˹ڷŭͳЦıӡ дһƪۣ֤ģ¼ұ ܶԹ𺦣Ҫڱֻһ 쵼ܻ¸ 2000 ԪΪڶλ쵼 ԼΪˣ¼ұƻǵֱ սĺϷԡ

סۼҷʤƽȴһͬĽǶ ¼ұšڷʤƽ󣬶¼ұ ɡ˵ߣԵڵȨɵԣ һвĹֳ ¹ݶ𹥻¼ұ߾һ̰ ݡԶˣΪڵ ϵ쵼ȨƽȽɨһϰ¼ұĳţ ԰Щʧȥһרıɡ

סѧ߳Сƽ˵øΪ̡¼ұѡ ΪϵҰĺߣϸк µʽЩùڸһ޸ ܹԱ¼ұûʶ򵹱ͬ׼ Լڣ¼ұĶҪͬõǷܵ塣 ڵǰ¼ұŸ ҵȨ֮ µı¼Ҍı ֮С ʱһԳǡ¼ұһλ ѡˣ Ҵ绰ܲ ɷһλжΰ Ụ̊ŦԼʱı ᵽ ŦԼʱеĴ󲿷ʲ¼ұ˵ˡ Ұһ߽˲ɷáţһ¼ҹϵ ԴָҷһʼڶԴ¶˵ ¼ȾʦܿҪһҪҷ ϡϢԴ˵ڿ꡶ŦԼʱ ºĵӦ

һļûдκβϷҵΪڶŦԼʱ¶Ǽӵ 27 Ԫ170 ң ڣйصļ˶Ӧþʹ˹壬 ̡ܹ˾ĵƣеΣģ ѡͬ¡ӦöԼҵΪ Ρ

ҺܿͽӵԾʦ͹ʦ ڱҴ¼ ĴƣֻʦǼҪԡŦԼʱ ϵľ档ЩϷ ý㷺ʱҽӵ¼ ˺鷢ƬļΪе 绤̵ķרϠЩļ̫ģ̫ Ϊ֤ݡ

ͬѰǣҲȳűǣΪ ¼ұ绤ȡķΪһ༭Ⱦϰˣ ÿλ߹ٵĸ汨ˣٷ´鶼 ϸţɧżߣͼƪ£й⽻ᷢ һ̵ָý塰ģй쵼ˡ

ûĸᵽĸˣκηӦ 2012  6 £˹ϰƽƸı һûйڷϰƽѲȡ˲ ͬѰĲ裬ҷ꾡ʵı ¼ұһʵϴӦڵҪԹΪԼ绤ýϣȫǳԤϵģ͸ ¶ýԸɣ̨ýĿԡ

⣬¼ұǻͨһ Ϣ¼ұӦŦԼʱָءô ұ˵Ҫҵļ˽׼Ϊ ˳еΣʹĴۡ¼ұ˵

¼ұľ϶ķӦ ΥҲԸĴһλ˵ ʹ˼ҲΪһ𾴵μҶ ʷĳʵʵθĸ

ϵ¼ұѺ֧ һ롶ŦԼʱйչֵĻ᣺ һֱƶƲ涨ĳ̨û ʲôLģһὨԼ˵ĲƲ¼ ڣҵμЩ֣ йνһ±׼߲쵼һ ǰδеİ͸ֹܺȵһЧ ʽ

ҵ»شٸ߲쵼ǲҪ谭¼ұŬ ƵĳЩ߲쵼ֹ¼ұ⣬ ῪһΣյ¼ұԼһЩҲҪ ĬҪǵľ棺

ؼǣƣ˹ڵĺַϣֱݣ߲ͻȫ֤ ĸѾûˣ͸ˡǶиܵĶһɱ³

й쵼˺ΪԼĹѾΪ羭úδԺҪһζйýļලΪйÿһκ;ϵ ȫԺ

ŦԼʱ¼ұıý߹ٸ㷺ļල2012  12 £ͨѶͷ һƪһϸҵ̺һ мҲһֹǾý¶ ۵㡣ý壬ý壬̬ܵ űӦйýĹල˽ɫҪ ôԽԽýලĽҪô֪Ĵ 

2010  10 £ڽ CNN ȫ򹫹㳡ӽĿ .(FareedZakaria)ֳɷʱ¼ұ ҵľģ裬ݡ

߱ˣǻûп¼ұ˵κ ӦҪô쵼ӵķԣ ԤԵģҪôԼʶԡŦԼʱҳ ˾޶Ʋ⣬޷壬ΪЩ ʵġ




ϯܹ

Ȼٷƣһ˾ ΰڻǻѵĸ߲쵼ˣκ ұǷͥЩеˣʵϵķ١

ڵһ֪ǺϺʵġйɾٺͷ٣ɵƵģеİӣ ǰѾ˽

ǣκ¼ұͳ˱ڵڵĶֵĴ ʣЩǾĵ 2012  2 ¿ʼδϷ ںܶຣýıУǱµĶԾ  7 £ʿѱְΪִ ڵһ㣬λ̸ʲô

ǰһģУ¼ ſܳƵǱСܶҳƣ εļֻΪѡϸһº ڵߣͲѿζԱʶ̬ ǳӽ~Ƕë󶫵ͽ

2002  12  5 գһѩйأ ɽһƬѩأëһ ݵģɽߣԭ󡣡Ǹѩĺ Ϊ·УǱ֪ڼСȻӵûֹεǡ60 εó̡ £ġʥء֮һ1948 ë󶫺ĵ ʱܲ

һͷȾںڵͷ󊡪߹ǧƪһɵĿ ǧƪһɵëʽɽװһζ סڼ´ӵˡʽΪ һι¶档Ⱦʮꡰ̫ӡ ʼǸĪˡ˲֪˭ ֪Ե͹ٵǺйĹ ھӵգǺ֪ǻΪйĸ Ƿأйվ

ѡΪĽɫӣΪڸʤǰҹ 1948 ꣬ëΪͳ ԣָ˶Թ񵳲ӵսۡĬĬšʧޣ 21 ͳָֻ Ϊһ߶ٵĵط׶Զھ ص֯ι۷ʡëʱɳǡ 60 µһԲһֻ ĸоµչͼƬϣԿܶ Ĺ߲쵼Ǽª״ι۵ǵĴ£½ءոׯ ڣԼԱôԸ̧ײĵˡ ĥɻʱëùḥ̂ܶһҹһʱƣߵľĳ ͻչƷǼӵʽͽ쵼γɼ ķ

ݵУλعë 40 ĳ 飬ѰشйСڹٷ ƵýǰȡһͬѰľٶҶĳʥ»籨˵һʱ רעԱٿĵ߽ȫ ᡣǴλϣë󶫷˽ȫڳΪһִҪ͸ܡ˵

ȡȫʤֻﳤ˵һйĸΰģԺ·̸ΰ󣬸 ࡣһھͱڽףʹͬ־Ǽرǫ顢磬ʹͬ־Ǽ ѿŵ硣

ë󶫵飬¹涨ֹ 쵼ף٣໥ףƣ໥ ƣõ쵼˵ȵȡ

һλθһýߣõ ЩǼЦΪ񵱹ٵм䣬ȾƳԷ ÿ쵼԰ԪƵ̰ȣͼĸˡ źļǷ֣Լ 30 ԪǮһٷȰ裬ΪдãǼ־¹ҹһϸ ݵأһϰյôġڶ죬κ ӷ˼ļңԵعԱ˵һûм ܶĵǲġ

뿪Ӻһλһλ 14 ӵĺմ񣬡úô˺ ãЦտ˵رǣʲôҲ Ҫ׼Ǹˡӳ˹  2002 ʱԺܵӡʱһϰջǳ ϣͽֹ۵ġǰν񣬸˸о䡢 ͷӢͷǺһĴͳ󡪡򾲡ǫѷнصľֹ Ϊһƽ˽յҪڼ䣬ë󶫵ĸ飬ѻָë󶫵ĳһ ĸ߶ȡʱʱ뵳ԱǣѴңĵڴˣŻִĺϷԡЧë οյøվ̨һ ܶߺʿϿѹӳëӰ졣ġڡ˶Ǻ ѧһ˳µı֡

̫ӵͬ 1942 йϲʡһС̼ͥĸСʱȥˡ ݱҶֱսȻֺˡȨ һҹӪ˾˻ƣ΢Ĺʴӡ

1959 ꣬ƾԼĴڷܣο廪ѧ һйʡѧԺѧϰˮ̡1968 ꣬ Զĸʡˮ粿±ߵһֵ̾Ա ࣬˷ëʱԼĲأ ˵;ӹʦתΪɲ˻ص ֧ǡйļϲúеһ £˵Եײ㣬Щڸܸɲܲ ǡ1978 ꣬εĸڼȥǰ ԩûۡڡĸ׵˵ظɲ Ǳ˵̰۹һˡ ³ȫ˶Ӱëȥ󣬵Ӧ ׵İӣΪƽڻؼ籼ɥڼ䣬 ҵйزź͵ʱ쵼Ҫ׻ָǰİ

Ȱ棬ڼһߵķ磬Щ쵼ǹȥȺȾơ̸̸ġλ 50 ǮʱһµĹʣϯ ûһ硣СʱԺί칫һλˣ˵س̫æˡֻý ʦԼõġϴģȫеһ𣬰Ʋ ˡ˺ʹҲûлع硣

μĵط٣ȫǰ1980 ꣬СƽµĹ޸˵£ϳϸɲ ƣĴŹͬ 3 £͵طһϵнӰƻҪпƼĴѧҵ ɲεҪ쵼λϡڸ࣬ʡίƽ ε廪ѧע⵽εĺΣһγмƻϣξ˵ļͳֵգ ƽĥӡ1981 ꣬ƽرι Ҽί쵼źε뵳УμӸɲѵࡣڠһѧϰڼ䣬Сƽ²Ž һҪٿĵϣҪίԱ ￴ 50  50 µ

СƽҪ󱻼ʱˡ1982 ꣬һ дѧѧ߳ΪίԱεѡΪί ԱΪǴǡͼ˴Ӹᵽ˱

  һ쵼µ֯  14굽 28 ꡣĿǰ  7300  Ա֯ṹ ͹һ ָ ˵ʶ̬ ֻ 빤ʱ䣬 ǣȻǵһǡڴڼ䣬뵱ʱй ǺҫϤһ߱ȫΪйִĺ٣Ա֯ˡ80 ڣڸ߲ ĸĸëɱɣΪйǰ;ʮּҡ ɶȡţһӰ졣վһߡֲ֧ڹݣǣκڽ һɣԺһսѡм· ʵʹ᳹ĸɷĻͬʱԱɳëҲӦ͹᳹ҷԴ

1985 ꣬ڸĸҫƼ£ αйϲĹʡйƶʡݡθý˵Ϊʡίǣݸṩе ᣬ˽й˽ײڹݣ չʾθԵؼоڵصľúͽʵذձָʾƫκ һɱĽٴʹ棬1987 ꣬Ķ ʦҫΪʲ׼ɻָȴְʱͬԱ⵽ࡣĴۣ ίɵصίǣһȶĹĿ еҪһص쵼

ؼº󣬲ӵľR ಡͻͻȻȥʹøִԲֶߣ һ˵ΪԵɱˡһκ᲻ʱڡΪε ίǣڽάֺһֱ ŬһǷˡ1989  3  7 գԺĽڶ죬ձһƬ δŸָֿӽϲӻָ򡣺θ ףһ˵ĸֿ档һСļ̬Ƶжϣ֪ ̫ýֵ֧ĲضͿͱˡҪչ һйصĹȨϺһ磬й 1951 ȷģ1965 ꣬رȷΪδֿƬı˵ԪϵĹ иδ֤ʵĹ˵ѡձϺεƬøСƽ˿˵޸Ҹɣԭ򡣡

Ľ硣ŷᡢȨ֯ǿǴйĲпѹ15 ийԵε⣬ǿӲף˱ҡں ڱ֧˵һƯĿˡ

1992 йʮĴǵСƽһί ԱʩӰᡣڰȨȥ֮ǰԪǶ һ͵쵼α÷Ĳ£һ  1989 ǳٷ֮Ϊ찲ŷ粨֮¡ µ쵼ӽйһ͵ķԪϣ һƽȵĽӰƣԱ֤άͳελҲ 塣ݵĵСƽĵģѡһ 䣬ܹСƽĽӰ˽ֹ ƽ⽭ȨͬʱɵСƽֵ֧ĸĸ

ѰҵĹУγڵСƽԺ رҵĴڵСƽͺܶԪϵļȻʻ ţ˻һǿӲ䡣˵С ƽϲεͳƽļͥҲ ùڱȽ׽뵳ɶ ܺõĹϵ״Ҳɵ ڷֻ

Ժεѡùںηǳίǣ̶ܴϲΪ֪ĽɫйʮĴϾ ָΪĽӰˣйĻʴκܿͱΪһζȱĬеˣΪ̹ʵ ˵Լ뷨ԶǴ֮䡣 һ棬ҪֺĵСƽԪϣȻԪҪˣȦȻܻԾӰ ֪Ǽȿּ̧Ҳܹһ 棬ֱάֺĿǰϰ彭ĹϵͬˡҪø⡣ ԼǴǵλãİԼţԭ ͬ£εҺ͵طĸλһŸɲίԱᡣ˺ʽλԺһƻڼܺδṫһ㣬 ڵڻǱΪɵġ䡱̫ӵһĿǰй̳Ҳռŵλ

Уָйڹϵͳҵˡŵ³УűΪĺ󱸾Ϊڵѵ ܵ㡣̫ӵĿӵиĸݵķḻ ԴеĴΣͨ ҳƾԼʡɴ ġ

ȥʮ䣬ڵѾ൱ܵ ûһ̶ƽ̨ǣΪͬһ֯ ͬһһˣǻΪ ˴ᡣ

̫ӵԽУΪԼйξӢ̫ ӵҵطչԱΪе һࣻڳ;ƽȣԼΪ Ĵֽ֧еƽȻᣬп ΪȺ˵ΪǽӴѧʹѧ ɶ֯ߣʶ̬ɫʸŨ

εɣ 50 ɳڡĸ ʱڣ80%дѧѧκͺܶͬ˶ רҵȻҲкܶǷɡáڡѧ רҵΪڷǳʱ򣬾ʹӲͬ֯ҡڵͨΪְ ҵšα˿ë׷ߣǰصĹԱ߷Ϊܶ๲ ѹʶ̬ҵչĹߣǿ ıġ

̫ӵҵϵΪϵǵļͨ Ե˾޴ĲƸ廪ѧ оԱ˵ɹԱԱȽϡɾڴڸʱбȽǿСܶʿ κԭϺʡίǡ2013 εй ǿ֮Ըǵġס޹ϵΪɽٸܵԭǹȥĹйأ ϵͳĹٽӴ򵥻Ĺ ںΣ߷ֻ֮Ҫ򵥻ʳܾɽ亣ζơǿǳĹ񣬾˵ĩӰʱ ͳԷ档һЩ漰ɸ߹ٵĳţ εаƻ֤ϵķҰǸܵϰѾӰ쵽ÿһλԱˡ

ʱڣǿǫ̈̄Ļڰʡί͸ǣ2005Ϊίǣ2007 Ϊ㶫ʡίǡͱ һҲǽξֳίѡЩɸɲ ͺŹͬľͬļֵۺҰ ζǵΣֳԼκٵľ޴սĵġھϣйǰνǰ ۻŬۻĴ󵨸ĸ￪һʱڡڽʱǿ GDP Űѵ󣬴 ͿԶֵһ飬˸ˡһͳελҲ ιˡ˺Ȩʱײ㶼Եرȹȥԣһйһ׶β˱ʷκʱڶҪ İ̡³ֵļƽȣõĴ ޷Բ˵ԽԽᶯвĳоũ񹤣һһģʾ ǿƲǨǷнǷϽ𣬻ձܡ Ϊ׷߾йķغͻԴûжԺκοǡ½Ȼ

ʶ跨ƽԽԽӿĺ蹵ͻҲ֪θĸ֮ƻȨƽ⣬һЩˡ粻أͿƵĳͻһӾ ʧȥ͹ҡԼǰǰǺҫ ȡ˽ѵҫƶƸĸ ƣܾѹ찲Ź㳡ĺƽ飬˶ δʱͱˡ

βôһѧë󶫲 ϧάһרӵΪϡ ġгᡱ̸裬ơ塱 ҪȨΪãΪϵΪı

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һλξйϵϢԴ˵ 2012 9  28 ξֻϣԱύһݹڱı棬˱ڹȥ20 ܵÿһʻ¸ͬʱҲ˱ ʽг뱡вԹϵŮǵ ֡Ԥϵģʽץסעû˭ı˶ǮϢԴ˵ܶ ίԱϸıŮǲ֣ҪôЩûģЦ˵ 

ŮԷ򱣳ֲԹϵһ䣬Ȼ˵úҲ˹ڲͺ󡣹ڱĹ£Щˣڴгʱ ˡ2005 ꣬һ־һ ܺ˵һ⹫ţָ 90 һģ ҧͷɭšһƪ˵ ǰƯŮ˺ͱ˯2007  ǼŮˣаĶĻᶼ¼ˡ Ѷ˵һٶλ˯мΣ ˯Ů˽ܸѡ

Աȷ 27 ŮӵݣмܶģءŮԱCCTV Ů͸ǡ 9 29 յõʱֻǵա

Ϻܿ촫ͬյŮ˵˿ֻţλŮԱģ΢ϱף Ǵʶû졣ķѧ꿣 ۡƻձ˵΢յһЩŮ˵ĹίУ Ҫɾġ⡱

ڵӰĴһθˮ棬Ϊ Ҳصᵽǰ˵ʦ2012  6 ۶ԲѶ͡ƻձϣΪЩý巢 ͱɫ鱨9  29 գ ʧȥ侲΢дŭ ɵӣ ЩǷǣе ˣǰ ͸Ӧ죬ٸ Ǹ Ӧȥ裬ڣ ڡ

ʶĲηңڽµϸڷŽٷ鱨棬 Ϊ֮һейػ顢˽ ɶԵȷΪ˽ͨȴǡٷҲû ˵ǲǲμκοԱ֮Ϊ԰ Ⱥ

йʦ·ȷţɫָص ͼһܻ ·ΪζŮǵ¶˵ ˱ӵġǺ񣬵ǹжٺ񣿡

ڿ˵

Ůˣë󶫡ҶӢܶСƽһֱ£ĸûŮˣε˲ֶܲΡĹϵŮǵĹϵ ĹϵŮǵĹϵͲ

5Υ֯¼ɣʧʧغ

ָأԵָʹúĹֳѧһλ͸¶Ľڣ 2012  10  4 սܲɷãһָط̵˵˵ʧ ʧô˭ʧ˱Ӵг 񲿳ίǣ쵼ľûκƺͱ ˭ӦԲôı𣿡

6л˱ӷ

ģȴ˵ΪԺϸ ˷֮š֪ڴʱζֵεģ2012  1 λ ҲǸεģУڱ˶бﷸЩˣǵƣ칫Ѷƹ ܶ޹Ī֮ﱻ˵ ɣЩҲڳ

ѡ˫ΪιŬ֡Աָ أڸ߲ѸΪߵ ɨ˵·10  25 գйʮ˴ٿ֮ǰ 10 죬й ȫ˴ֹ˱ ȫ˴ ʸ񣬰ָܵ صȨһΪԱл 2012  11  8 յĸ߲쵼֮ǰУΪ ѹҪΪڲԶ֮ǰһӡ һֱûоСʮ˴֮ǰҵȨᣬ ţŦԼʱ¼ұƲĽ¶ȵȣ ӳһСʮ˴ǰطı һλϢʿ˵ʮ˴ǰһλϣ ίԱͨ˶Աġ˫ûб ͥ 28 Ҳͱջ˾šû ɽĻͱʮãˡ

ܹѾ˱սᣬŦԼ йʿλûᡣصĸܣձ᲻ڹ˲ͳ˵ ˰ѱΪǸս״䡣֪ ʹǻΪ򵹵Щ˸а񡢸ɡ 

˵ԱһѳߣһǱһĺӦЩĵģڵڸһѹֻὫǱԵ תΪһķǿս

10 £ 400 ҡѧߺʿ ЩΪԼվڱһߣȫ˴ дһ⹫ţҪΪԼ绤

Ҫ˰ҪҪʵΪݣ ԷΪ׼Էڣȡģ˵ һйξίԱξֳί 첢乤Կ϶ġڹٷ ýΪõĵ㷺עеίǡ ȨַܵĻ̸ʲô ͨȨķɱأ 50 ĩ˶ ļߺѹΪɷӵһݡ ΪֻĹײϼӸඤӡ˵ һ޴ǵСƽĸ￪·ߵ ʤϵһƪ˵йʤĵ̨ǰϳϵëɼ ǸشҲй𡮺֡һˮ롣Ҽ,ݴػܿһëǷǹ ȳڸ˼ʮʷʵһ塣 ͬʱëɵĵ̨ΪйִϰƸĸ

Ĺ۵뵳һµģҲ͵ΪֹЩûڵĻҲû߹ڶԵϣǰƾ־ߡд˵¹֮ǰ Ҫһֻ޴򵱼ƷȨͲ ֶβԼСһıˣֽ Ʒĸɺë޹ءһһû ໥ƺȨǸܣһȨ޳ܣһ ûмලȨǶá

þӢۼ«̹ʵĻش𣺱 ҰĺģʽΪһв͹Ȼ ͼȨͷѵڸ߲˵ǾǴ«ѵ ׼ȷظ˱һıʣ˴ɣսġ Ϊ׵ĵΧĿںš

׹ֽ󹫱2012  9  28 һƪ УԱηڱڴӵ£ ͬȺ֡ؽĶĵ ˵øԻԶý٩٩̸Щ ͳѡʱĳλѡˡ

ûбһǡˡμҵ ͷ̬ڣйϯμ穡ȡŵ½о͸¶ǡŵ½ָ ģ˵ͼ콨һ ģӦԶμǣûе͹Ժ쵼ĳɾǲܵġ

йĸĸ̵ԼӽǸԣǹͷ񡱡ĻУûû˵̧ۣҲ˺̫ܶӵʹԽԽеռ̫Ρ ݡԼûˡǣӵ¹ ʱ߲쵼ܹˡɱ˱ ΪһΣԵĺϷԹս³˹ ѧоԱ˵շǳߣ쵼ٵս Ͼġ

ĿǰѾƽ˾ָص һֵˡ˲ȡǿƴʩ ٷý屨˵ר˵һ˾飬 Сȿˣȴ ģ϶о

ڶξֳίûʲôҪˣµ 쵼˻ƿ˾ƣȨȶ֮󣬱Ⱦ޷ йδֲԵӰ졣ڱںʱ нΣ޹ؽҪһλķѧ ˵µ쵼ϳͱﵽһĿһչʾθܺȨľġ 

й֪ʦӳڽܵ¹֮Ĳɷʱ˵ͽ̵̣ĻĿǰ Աܻ 10 򣬾 10 ͽ̣ݺýıܻ 2600 ԪѧѧԺںڽ֮ĲɷʱҲԤ⣬ٻ 20 ꣬ һ

Ӻһʾûڣ ܻһЩ󣬵ķ֧ߺ йëɷӸеʧͻ˽ⱡ˶˵ ίɸ൱绤ʦ˼֮· ͸˵Ա˽⣬޶ȵΪԼ 绤

۱ﲻĶﶼһĿ ꡪ鱡ɽκλᡣһλ뱱߲ ϵ֪ʿŦԼʱڲ˵ Աж궼νǾų



̫ϻ

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طܲ⣬ͼƻһ1708 ꣬ϲˣĻ̫λطط λҪɱϵ̫ӣΪ̫ӡط Ұ񣬡꼱磬Ϊ̫ ӣ侮ʯطʩħ̫ӡ Էֹٴƻμƻ

˵ҰĲĴ̫طᣬ ôִĿǽ°ܣ߲淢 ˵ͼƻйȶȨӣвϰƽӰ࣬ һԾŶĴҳˡ˱ УѱѺܴҶΪ š

Ѿʮ꣬Ϻй߹ ȻںܣŴй̫ϻʡڴӹ ʧʹһЩܶϰնӡ󣬲 λʱôεıȽϣȥ ңڿʼòͬ۹⿴λǰϯˣ ̩ɽִȨס

Ӱ죬ýѶǴΪԡ

2011  4 £طϺԶĹݡ֪ϲԼɫȱȹݵطٱҪũ񵽺 ȥ׽Ұ͵ϲһҲպö Ĳ񷵻Ϻû죬ͷ˰ ͵ҽԺҽûܖ˳򡣱߲ ֪ϢҪϺѽת 301 ҽԺ ĸ߸һ㶼￴

ҽŬѰҲͬʱԿʼ ýפۼڲϢʿĻ˵˸ΰ ͣˡһ汾˵ڹʱȾӴĲصĂv֢˵߲Ⱦѽ ͻرȾ׼һ¡صˡ

7  1 գһɴﵽ߷壬Ϊûгϯй 90 ᡣ7  6 磬½һҵط վƬƬ˵ǡĽͬ־ ࡱ 6 㣬һӰĵ̨ ATV ж Ŀй⽻˾ܾش BBC λ߹ڽ񽡿⣬ȫý嶼ʼɵ ôˣܶұ˶ԽĹУ ¶ 2012 ȨӽʲôӰ졣ڶ죬ATV Ϣѱȫǧվתأйٷ» áɿϢýıҥԡ

ڽȥϢ 10 ³ֹϢֹ ¶ˡţһλԱߡ¿Ĳ ءһλԼ.ս˹ҽԺʵϰйҽ ҵ˽յԭ򡪡ǽڼԵҰ Яļ£ҩձȬK ˡǲýĲ˷籩 Ͳö֪ˡ

Ȼý˽Ĺע͹˽Ϊһ ̫ϻʵӰڵ֮ǰǶʱ䡣2012  2 £ܵ¹֮󣬾˵ϵ ѰİȻ𣬵ûмһλ ֪˵Ϣְ󣬺ξ̫ϻȰ߱׷ ԵΡԱս֣˾ԵĽɫ

⼴񡱡1989 ꣬ڵСƽһ һҲпѹ찲Ź㳡Ŀ飬 󣬽ȨʱйڶϺ ίǣرɱֽ羭õѧ ϽпľʱΡȻ˵Сƽ ͵Ԫ϶Խ̬ӡ̣еڷġ ˼롱ֵʱܹǿӲؼԭ򡣸Ҫǣ һʿļͥġڿս ӢۡϺڼ䣬й ǵСƽеԿƵˡǵСƽ˵ ǡ

һԵʱ 63 Ľ˵úͻȻ ġ´桷־ƪ£˽ͻȻ֮ ֱϣпһһȨƽع̣

1989 ꣬ʱϺίǵĽ 63 ꡣͳ Ϊݵĸ߼쵼׼ְһһȫ˴ίḱί ԱȫЭϯһһԲû ΪĸУϺͨѧĽڡ

1989  5  30 գϺһλϣĽ ӱһ绰ϡӵǴĽ֪ͨҪϵæϵʱֵһרڱԷȴ һͨɣɡֱʱű֪Сɽ

ǼʱΪ

1989  6  24 գΪµǱܸȫ ȫй۲Ҷһ

9  4 գСһ쵼̸ʱΪʵ ݵʱѾ죬ᶨرʾ¾ɡСܿᵽһ⣬ʱ ְ񽻴Ÿɲ 100 쵼ӣ ۹ڽϣ˵ίҪиϯҪȷľίϯͬʱҲҪȷҾίϯ˿ һһ˵齭ͬ־ίϯ ͬ־ͬһ죬С֣صξֳݵı棬Ҫʵ֡ȫˡ

ƪûἰСƽѡ˽ ࣬ΪҲѡ˽Ӱˣȷڽ 20 Ȩƽȹɡ

ĵһûɵóãһᵽȨλ֮ǰûϵĳɾͣڵҲûǿȨڶܵСƽȾݣ Ȼ̫ϻһʩ޴Ӱ죬ʱ԰ѽ 󣬺ܶ˾ãûë󶫺͵СƽġɫϲŪӢͶʱʱ׸裬һپ͵ӡ˻ ЩйȴĻڣЩ˹ СĹԱ

㲻ʵȴûжȻ˵ Ԫǿ֧֣ϰƽĸϰѫ ĸױһΪ˰ڱɣڵһм ķ룬ԡʲ׼ɻ· ѹʱ徭õķչļΥСƽ ģСƽΪڿڶŷ֮йΨһ·Ƿչá1992 ꣬Խ øĸ﷽쵼СƽѾòͷʱɭ֢ѾõСƽûоӰƷ ˡСƽøߵѲڴ˽졣Сƽ Ϸƶ˾øĸȷرʾĸĲò죬쵼ֱεġ

СƽĻ˽˸׸ı䣬Сƽĸĸ﷽룬Լǰ; 1993 𣬽ſ˫۽ʱ壬һҹ֮תΪ׷󾭼 չгáƻ徭 ãΪڵгãı־Գɾ͡ ˡۣʱҳΪԱ

ڽۻ쵼£в׼ ˡȷе˵һȺʱҵ˱ײ㣬𽥳Ϊ ܹӰߵǿκ;ҲΪ Ƶý֮һЧϢԴĹ˿뿪 й飬Ĵġɡ

ۻΪġǳɳڹ ֮ǰϤƼҲë󶫡ĸ ĿֲйҪһ㲻ǽ ǵϵʱΪע ֧Ϊͨɹó֯ ͳɹ 2008 ˻ᣬйĹʵλ 

쵼дͬ˶Ǽרң Ǵ߶ʵʩߡǸ˵Сƽľøĸ﷽ȻʵʩޡëʱǱëĸĶ 񣬶 90 £ұֻһ ˼׬ǮʲôԲںˡһظĸҵԺʹ̼´ҵƲɴ ʧҵʲһСҵУ в̫ӵȨ²ܿƵʱڲ˴ܣıҲ³ֵա ƶ֮䡢غ½δ֮ ˹㷺᲻

ʿ͵Ҫص 1989 찲Ź㳡 ⡪ڸܺ⣬Դ˺ ǡܶ౻ѺʿͿ߱ͷˣЩ뿪йЩΪЧذ ʣԽйξٴ֧֣ ӵǣܶ൳ǿӲɣ 1989 6 µѪѹҪãĴӽи ˡ

 1989 ¼Կ̬ȣԷֹѧԱȺˡֹųȫ԰Ƶӵߣ ָ˵ǧƵͽڱѺڼڿ^ߣ ָժȡǵ١ֹѽɡ СںԼ߹١

⣬мίȨٽ跴 켺һӾǰίǳϣͬͬһϰΪ 

1995  4 £ϣͬѡигһٷде֪Լ֮ηɱһΪڣԳϣ ͬȡж1995  7 £мίϣͬ ʽͥ1998  2 £ϣͬʽ̰ ְߣи߼Ժдͽ 16 ^ ڹٷоϣбǰҪСö'ؽ˼ֵ 8 ԪƷûб桢Ͻ 1990 굽 1992 ꣬˴Լ 420 Ԫ ڱ⽨˵ΪͶʡ ǴǵסڱڳԺֺͷ Ŀϻ 4 Ԫ

ýƶϣϣͬıԭ򣬺 ǽ߻ıζ֣ԼȨ ϣͬĵ̨˱ڸԱ 

1997 ԺŵСƽϸһ һȥȫվ쵼λϺ ελȷԼбϣ ļõ

 2002 ݵʱ׷ƻһ ҰȫίԱᣬѽߵλƶȻ Ըطһƻй񣬰 7000 ԱѪȵȨ񲻻ٽ 쵼ˡ񵨸ʷ B áǧٿ׵Ĵ󴬣е߸Σաԣ ȫȨʵ˵СƽŵȨƽȽӡ

Ժش󳡺ϣ߲쵼д ûٹ֣Ȧʿ֪ ˳򲻽ڡһƪ˵Сƽͨ ʧʾȨͨ¶Ĵڡ2006 ꣬ںѺԭϺίǡ ųʱܶ˶ΪǺһ衣Ǻܿʶ ıʵǷнּ⣺е˳ ıѡ˵ڶγϣ˽ļˡмίɳרפϺ£ռ͵ڳ ֤ݡ2006  9 £νָܵرְ ΥŲϺ籣ʽ𡣹ٷýһӵж˵ĸܸ߹١2008  4 £ܻ ְȨ 18 ͽ̡

мίȨǿ˸߲еĲȫСڱѺʱܶ˶뵽˳ϣͬͳ ǶйֱϽеĸˣǱġ

ɢѡεĽӰ ϰݵĹؼԽɫ2007  10 £йʮߴĻ ηҾȵص֪ѡΪ͹ְλ Ӱˣ̫ӵϺίϰƽǺ ʡίǿʱƣźܶĻ ףýõܶй¶Ϣ֪ʿϣ ϰƽǽͬߵֱʡΪ ʹЭϰƽΪһ ǡֻ̬ȵǣֱ 2009 ꣬Ųò һ˵ϰƽʵ¹¹.Ĭ һرѡ

ϰƽԽΪɽΨһһλ̫ӵ˵ ĵڣҲԼ֮¡δ֤ʵ˵ǣ90 ڵСƽԽĶҡ ǲǻʱĸףСƽʱԪ֮ һѺͰ˽񡣽Яرһؼʱ̵֧֡ 

ȻʱƣڽĿнʧ裬ϲסƷͳҰġӵһλٲ͹ݵһУôһ£

90 ĩڴг£񵽴 ʡΪȡý񣬱ڴľ޷ 񡣲һ뿪±ѻȫ ˡ˵Ϊʮֲ죬ѱΪһСˡ ҪǣԴǺ㳡޴İɫ ʯʾһһǵȨֻ찲Ź ĳ¥ǰ

ųɾ˽һĻᣬʱܶ ΪȾˡ4 £ڱʱξֳίδȻ磬 αֳһĳɺͱɶҽ⡣ҳûʧȱʾǿҷԪ ֮һǾĻͻ ߡ֧ԻԵĴġ

2012  4 ֮󣬽ԽԽڹǰ֡

ǻƷǰͿܲãȻڹ Ժ¶档ٷý忯ǳһƬ˵

񽡲߽Ӧݹȡ Խϯʱơ

ҪϢġ彡ڱ һϽݹؼԽɫں;Ӹ 쵼϶ϴ

2012  9 £εаƻְ ץסᣬξεˡ ѡĽӰϰƽԭĶУɹξﰲɿͬߣѽӰ չʮꡣ

Ȼܶݺ󶼱ñأȴƺ෴ȡ˸д˵ָ ʵθĸԼŲ2012  10  ҵһλѣýһСͻϾξ ίԱĻйθĸǾͿܱ ƷֻܲҡͬһϢԴ 8شٸ߲㣬 1989 찲Ź㳡˶Ҫ ת䵳̬ȡǲˡҪһƻ һ⣬һһִһ⣬˵

Ļͼûеõ֤ʵִ ЧҽˣͼһĸĸɡۣĹףΪϰƽλ ɨ·ζųһ̫ӵԶشݻٱ񲻽ϰƽһüĵ֣ ʮδǱڵĵ֡




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¾һӭȾ йʮ˴쵼˻죬ٺʲ

ֵʮ˴ĻʽӦʤߵᣬ ˵ĸо顣2012  11  8 գڴйʮ˴ڱٿȫص 2200  μһεĴᣬΪȷµķѡһ 쵼Աһᣬٷý̵ĺͳ ƽʱԲţʱʼˡ

Ϊһϲ¼Աǫ̈̄ ͵ָ̨ҪǶಥ̵ĽĿֹ κвݺ͸ʵĸһλּ΢ ˵ҵ̨Ⱦͣһİ 塷ΪǸ֡

еĿĻʽȴ׷ ̵һжεǺҪĬ ë󶫡Сƽȹʵ쵼½ϡڽУǵĿ׹̶־Եϣ 1 Сʱ 40 ӵĽУԹԱ˵ľ棬˱۵İʾ

ԸܡΣǵһֵ עش⡣ãͻԵ ˺

·͸ý壬˴ںγ ƪеʵӦ߳նȥʱЩرϯ̨ǰ͵Ĵ Ƿģڱǿ׵ģ˯ģ˿ȥĲɣ Ǻ޹ϵĳƪ۵ĵʡ

ûбĵǳƺϢģһλԸ¿ ̫ӵ۵иǿĸԣһƥ޷ ԤҰģʽڵڷһֽĲͬҵ⣬Ҫͬİ취ģʽһС խĶߴܺ󣬾ȫһļžˡ

ø߲쵼еšߣǧ¾һ찲Ź㳡תơ˵  140 򾯲־Ըߣڵڼֹκ ɧҡȨ֯ƣʿϷʿ  7ܶ˱ǿ뿪˾ жҡѣԷֹ˿ھеʱ ˵ڵһ¼ܣд˵ֶ ϵƹ䱸ΪɿϢߵҪңطɻģ͵Ĺ˿ͳʾ֤

νţĿĻʽڹٷý岥ʱڵķӦȫ˿Ʋ˵Ϊ ţҪƳٿ

֮һܶйѡƵĻ̲Ųʡ˵Ĺ棬޸ĵ£ ŻҪںȤ߹̡Թؼı ĻʽϹ쵼ӳԱһǱؿģΪ пԿǽʮķǹ쵼 Ťתľã⡣

Դ 80 ÿʮżĵ 쵼Աĵ½ĽӰˡ ϣͨѡٻƣѡ 390 ҳԱ ίԱͺίԱȨľ߻ί ԱᣬѡǺ 25 ξίԱξִ ĳԱѡټξֳίͳȫȨ ġ

ξֳίǱԪϽ񡢼 ĺΣԼξֳίȨԤָ ġǲƤͼ£ڽǰϡ ᲻Ǳ۵ĳϣ쵼ľ߽ȷϵġ

˭ǲǺܴءܡʹǰһܶڴ ̽ھ쵼ڹǰ ġڸɾͺѡۣпӺɾ

2012  8 ֮ǰùڶ̫ӵĿ Ӹ棬ΪһȺȨײ㡢ܺ޷ˣ ̫ӵмĶ۵㣬Ҳ쵼ϯλ ʹκռơںý عⷨ\֪δܹƻҲ ̫֮ӵõ˷̵Ļᡣͬʱһλĸ ξֳίǿ֮һԴƻļ ĵľٴйϵƻԴܴ죬 εƾκѡĻᡣ͸ǰ ϯڽӰԸӰһ ξֳίϯλаԼüͬߣ ̫ӵ

ϰƽԼλõĹ̲ƽȡ ںκ¼ұΪǰķʱϰƽ ǰģȻΪ̨ˡ ڲ֪˵ֱܱսϰƽġ̫ӡ λȶϳͱйǵġ˵ ̫ˣϰƽѱ硱ġ2010  12 £ϰƽȥУﱡġڡ ˶ḣߡģֵóޣϰƽ ϸ˽⹫ⷿĿ滮ڲ쿴ⷿ ˵ʵҪ졢áԱ ģʽ϶ý 2012  10 µıϰƽŵԼ°лһλá ǵȥͱ꣬ϰƽһֽĳȻţ̫ӵмΣյѷ죬 ϰƽһҪԴ

9 £ϰƽӹҰʧڡ˵岻ʣٷýԴ˶ûбʹý һͨҲ£δ֤ʵı˵ϰƽܵ ԪϺͶйδֲͬ۵̫ӵĹʢʱһͬδ֤ʵϢ̫ һξۻϷִϰƽӹһӴУ ϰƽҪ侲ʱ˫м䣬 ʱ򱻷һӴ˺󱳶ˡʧˣ Ĭҥ𡣡߸Ĳдϰ ƽݽ˴ǳʣĹʣǰϯ˺üλ Ҫϰƽ¡ֵ˵׼Ҫ֮ʱ һʱҥȾȷ˵ϰƽӰƻʱֳ ⡣

һλӽϰƽ֪ʿңϰƽȷʵ 岻ʣءڴڼ쵼ٿ ܻ飬ƶӰսԡȻЩҥ˹ڶԵ ļϵеôš

й쵼㻻Ĵᱻ 2012 ͳѡ ֮졣ѡĽͰϵǱڵĸ ԡͳѡǰļұۣʱ˫֧ʵĽӽԤĽйĹڵǰ δеȤܹٷƹȱͳѡ˰°ķ۱磬Ψְѡй쵼ļ καȽϣмý廹ܵ й쵼ܽȡһЩĸʩпƵڲѡ٣òѡٵķʽȷξֺξֳίѡ ⡣

ʮ˴ͨĻײĽػνѡٵ˵Ϸ ƣκιڲѡٵ˵һԸ ڹв֤ͬҵ ˡ

2012  11  15 磬¡ѡξίԱ ˡһγίÿһƷȾں ͷ䲻ȵЦݣö 400 ߼档Щףȫһ˲ ȷϣ 25 ξίԱ

ξֳί 9 ˼Ϊ 7 ˡСĳίᱻΪǸЧʣھʱϵļʡ취 2011 Ϳʼۣ֮󱻲ɡί ְλйִ˾͹Ұȫձй ӻҪԤ㣬һְλξֳίųһ ӳίбְλܣſƷ Ϊξֳίһ𺦡

ڲϢʿ˵߾߻ϯλ ʹξҡִѡһ򵥵Ӳָˡ䡣һЩĺѡ˱ų ȥ 57 Ĺ㶫ʡίǣΪǻлᣬμһ־Щ쵽 68 ģǰϺί͵˳ίǡ첻 Ͳлˡ˳ίƽ 63.4 ꣬ 2007 һӣƽ 62.1 ꡣ

Ʋе۹Ƽ 58 ϰƽϣ Ļβʽǵڡ 2013 괺ȫ˴󿪻ʱ쵼δ糬 ֮һл񹲺͹

ϰƽʱ򣬺ܶԸ뱡ȽϣƵĳɳ͹Ľ ȫͬһɠй䣬һΪ

ϰƽ 1953  6 ³һҵļͥȱ Сꡣĸϰѫйλָ ë󶫣սͽս50 ΪԺͱһϰƽͯű ǻӣ߸ŮľӢѧУ 1962 귢˾޴ĸı䡣

ĸϰѫΪһܵǣǱ¼ 1936 һλͬ־ƽ͹۵漰һλë󶫺 ġӰⱾ鱻ҹٷ ֽ־ժҪתءϰѫָⱾ鹥ë󶫣 ͼϰѫҷУ1965 걻ᵽϣΪ һĸ

ĸʼʱн ڱһйѺ˽ʮꡣһ䵱һĸǣ 1959 ʶʱڶһԶ¡

ϰѫȫҶĸȺ⵽ˡͱһΪһɲĶӣϰƽѧУ ﱻųںܶ֮⡣ĸڼ䣬ڰĺ ǣѧһڴεȺܣ˵ع עĶ15 ꣬ϰƽ뿪ũ 仧տʼصϼңûĸ ݸϰƽ 12 ͬѧ±ԭ һСӣסҤϡݳƷ ӡ

Сûãһ֪ͬѧ߹ˣ ΪǾ̫ӦϰƽҲ رĻ𳵡ڱΪδܻسǣί ץְѺ 6 ¡ػʱ 㶼Ⱦ·ŵɹŵũĸҲλ ϵĹˣҪص±ȥܡٽ

ӱ󣬵شϰƽˡĺú ɡұȱ˶˺ܶ࣬ڽýɷʱ䣬 ѧ˳̣Ϊ̵˸ɻмϢһ£ ˵ʱϲʱһЪʼ ļ꣬ɵĴ㳣ԼĹʡǮϰƽĿǮ

ʼڼ໷гɳ˵ȻΪ׵⣬뱻ܾΪ֧顪 ɲǴӷ ȡůǼǵǸǫ͵ˣϲۡһܣͻ˵ ϰƽһߡŦԼʱ죬 ìѾˡת 1975  12 ¡ڡĸпüĴѧչũѧԱ 쵼ƼѧҵͨͥĹϵϰƽ 廪ѧйʡѧԺ뿪ϣǰصҤ⣬ø𡣺ܶ˷ ƣʮ·վϰƽ˵ ûᣬᡣ

15 ʱ㯡壬й ý˵22 뿪ʱѾżᶨĿ꣬ šΪһͣ±ԭҵĸΪҲҪΪʵ¡ ϰƽ˻ϵѧֻص廪˼˼νרҵĲʿʹΪʱй쵼λǹʦĿƱ ֮һ

ϰƽ廪ѧϰڼ䣬ëȥ󣬸ױ ͷţȫƷֻص1979 괺ϰѫΪ㶫ʡίǡʡͬ 5  6 գʮ ƼʱӢֳص۵ı߾ΪдԣŮɯ׶ڼǷ ۱߾Ὺ죬ù㶫롣

߾ͼס˵Բģ߷վʧءȺ˼ؿڣ100  ڱбǹеͼε۱ġ ˵ۣΪһЩûͳ ֡ϰѫ֪һ֮󣬾˵Ҳǳͬ顣㶫ũ׼ۣΪӵ۵ˣ ڵ 100 һ¼ʹϰѫչйһڣ۽һСǣ Ȼ㶫ʡͶ߿ƶйĽ 衣

ϰƽ֧ܶ˵ܸ׵Ŀ˼͸ĸж Ӱ1979 廪ҵڹԺ칫 ܿί칫顣ڴڼ䣬йǰפӢʹŮ˻顣1982 ꣬ҪһӢ ȥϰƽ뿪йǾ˻顣һ꣬ ϰƽһλ̫ӵǰϯĶԴֱ뿪Ӳݸ㿪ʼǵġ

ϰƽйĵ꣬ܶѶصľȨڱĸҲĵĶ㡪1982 걻ѡξ֣Ǵ ǡϰƽ\ֵڱø Ӱϰƽ˵Ѹ׵ı ԼLһ·Ҳ֧ϰƽ˺ ʡίǣԴȥ˺ϡѧǵ ӣ˴Ľء

ϰƽͱͬϰƫĵطɲ ʵнġǾϰƽΪ˸ ĸҰģЩʱϰƽȥ һ׶εĳɾͣҵĿ˵һλӰݣһ͹װ硣 󣬵ӾȫϰƽֳΪһε㡣Ӯ˵طݹԱģΪ̨ ˸״ļƻ

ƾԼ ͷԺͼͥ ϰƽܿ ʹӵһְλ Ϊ ǰ;֮һ 1985 ꣬ 32  յ죬ϰ ƽʼغ ڹ㶫ʡݸ ʡġ    ̨ 壬ϰƽָ֧õгã׼Żߣ̨ʣ𣼫ٽ 1949 жϵĸ̨غ ֱͨ½̨Ϊл񹲺͹һ֣ һƱ̨ܶ˼̨ų⣬̨ ֱͨһֱǸ⣬ʱʱǿʱв ϡһֱձܱ߻رźĸԷйľš

1987 ꣬ϰƽй֪ľ質 £ڵӴϣһġϣҰϡ ʹּ˲þͽ˻顣ܼ򵥡 һЩͬһ˶ٷ˵һʱ ˿Χסϰƽӣǰվһߣ ߹ˡϰƽǺ͹ϯԺ΢ Ϻܶ˵ë󶫷˽Ժ йĵһõóˡ

1988 ꣬ϰƽΪµίǣǸһ ƶĵٷý屨˵ĵһ ִձĸܡΪһº͵ˣ˵ ǧطռйأΪԼ˽ʱڷ ˻㷺飬ְ˼ΥΥռ ĹԱ80 ĩµίڼ䣬 ˻˼ֵ 60 ԪġЩϰƽI 

2002  10 £ϰƽ㽭ʡʡй˽ ҵɹĵطѾȡ˹ҵġҲλ 㽭ʡ GDP  65%

ϷչʾԴ;ļ ʽͿĨһƬ죬ϰƽĲӸȽ ƽϰƽ㽭ĳɾͣҪı ṹŬһַŵͶܼ͵һ߲ηչĵǿЧʺͻƽ⿼ǡϰ ƽĿںǣˮɽǽɽɽ쵼֮£ʡϢͻʩĿͶʼʮڡϰ ƽ˽ҵҵĹϵΪ˴ ǲ߹̡µΪ㽭ʡĹҵṩŻݵĽߣ˽ҵ ϰƽ㽭ľһƽ˽ҵ бϰƽԣҵҵƶ½ʡȥͶʣI˵ʡǵ

˵ĸĿ˹ע⣬ǾϰƽƻˣڼලԱĹͶߵߵ绰ýܵĵ鹤

2006 ꣬йϺܳšϺίǳܻߺȨ 18 ͽ̡£ ϺίξһĽΣǱй㷺 Ĳ²˵νԼһһλá Ȼϵѡϰƽҡϰƽ º͵ķʽϵʹΪһɶ ܵѡڽϺ㽭ϺΪй ŵҪҲȽ˽⡣

ʮߴٿǰ 7 £ϰƽΪϺίǡ ָʴʱ򣬺μƻƾԼš ǿȻ2007  10  22 գе쵼 ߼ʱȵؿһɬϰƽй֪֮һɷΪ֪Ȼŵ ǿ֮ǰһϰƽΪǺ͹ϯǿδ2010 ꣬ϰƽļ̳ ݱһΪҸϯίϯ йӴ۲ӡҪǵ·Ľ衢طĿȻֺĽԮȼã ĺǰɳӹ̺Ĵ̡

ϰƽֱϣܶҵĺ档֮ļ ڲϢʿ͸¶ƻ˺ μƻõĽӰԣϰƽƺٺ Ӱ⣬ϰƽξֺ͵ںܶҲ 㷺֧֣߶׵ѡѡĹ̿ʼ֮ǰ νй飬ϰƽÿζ뾱ߡ

֮ϰƽί 2008 ˻ȫ ڰ˻ϣݵ;˳ΪȨҺͲض忹Ŀꡣ2008  5 £ һԴ൱ռȥȫע Դʹˣ˻еú˳֯ʩĿĿĻʽйĽ˹ ǿϰƽΪ쵼ĿŶȡ

ΪεĽӰˣϰƽԺܶҽ˷ʡ㼣鼰ŷޡ޺Ͱޡ 
ϰƽ쵼ˣ۶ܸߡͳݵǣйڼϰƽ ѣ˵ϰƽԵ̹ʡ͡šżأ ̫̹ˡ 2009 īڼ䣬Щ й¾ðȨĹң

ЩԱû¸ɵˣǵָֻš йһƶȥǣ ʲô˵ġ

Ļúܶ۲ҵδ⽻ߵĸߵ Χָϰƽһʶ̬ӻ ߡ⽻ǸעʵʵˣڵĻϵͳȹһд󲿷ֹϰ ƽ󲿷ǺһġóȨϣ ѹʱϰƽܻڱʹüԴǣ̨ϣֳΪ̬Ըò

 2007 ȷΪӰ˺ϰƽͱܿý壬ٽܲɷáйһڵȴ쵼˵ СĽҪײ쵼ˣһϵıҪ ˣ˺ͼͥϸǼġڵ ۣ󲿷ǽȱдĹϰƽļͥ ĸ˾

 2002 ȥǰϰƽĸһиɓĵ˼뿪 1962 ͱȨ ģûоëʱпȨܵ ɱʿء80 Ϊ֧˵Сƽľ ĸߡǧƶ¸ܵ λθĸͶmƱԪ֮һڸĸҪ 쵼ҫȨ֮ҲżԵ ǿǴ 1989 ѹ찲Ź㳡Ŀ顣ϰѫһˣǵһҳϵĸɲӡһλ 80 ĩݷùĸɲ˵ǸûʲôҾߵļ Уһһϰѫʱ ǿġʱԼݽ óǮӼǡ

ϰƽĸ׾˵ҲͬƷ¡ڹȥУ ˵ټμͥ飬ϸֹĺϰ ƽȥ̡ϰƽֵܽƺδ ĸ׵ĸ롣2012  6 £һƪϰƽĵ鱨档ƣϰƽĴУ ĸ㣬ӵڡʲ 3.76 Ԫڶ๫˾еͶʣһʲﵽ 17.3 Ԫϡ˾ӵ 18%ļӹȨһпƼ˾ӵмֵ 2020 Ԫ ƱϣЩʲϰƽûκֱӹϵҲûмϰƽԤԴٽ ⣬һ滹ǰܻϰƽ йһվһں ϰƽ֧´ṩ쳣ϸµо £ı棬ƴʲġ

ĸ汨ý廹רעϰƽ Լļ¼й۲˵ƶίǺ͵ίǣغйгĸǰصĿٷչʡ ʹϰƽƽ״ݸλ˽⡣Щλϣϰƽûдһͼǿë ƽġģʽôĿóһ гúɻġ㶫ģʽʼһԼıԡעʵʣϰߵ͵ָصʹ øɶԽȫΪǸԵѡ񣬶 ΪǸԸܸһóϷԸıԼĺѡˡǸʵߣȫ׹쵼 йһĸԡϰƽſõĹ㷺 Դ͸Ϊ㷺֧֣һУʹܹʵ¼ƻ

ϰƽ쵼ӵĺܶԱڡĸгɳġĸһ⣬ǰ쵼㶼ѡһȸõһߡ60 ĩ 70  Ϊ֪ࡱũȹһײĽ ϰƽǸڱĵ쵼˶ԵײΪ ͬ顣һλסһҤũйý˵ϰ ƽʡʱλũصĹǼϰƽ ΪȥĴóǮļ áңҲϲһȰϲƬ 䡣ϰƽźʹҹͬϲãһƬ ߸ϡ

бǰεĽڣϰƽ֧ΪֱܹӦκ Σֱ 1971 صڷɻʧ£Ǹе⡣ںʡֹֽڵΪֱԪ˧ һμֻʱϰƽֻᵽ ʵϸֻԸ߹ǶýԡУΪϰƽĸëʱ֧һ ܶȺѧƲ⣬ܶɸ ͬ飬һδֳ

ϰƽΣڼסϰƽڵϯʱ򣬾ʾΪԻ ˵ֱ˻ڼ䣬Ա¸˵࣬й۱һи񣬡 ЩóȥôͲˡ

ҪǣվϰƽһߡΪǣǵ쵼ӵ߻ίϯͳ˧ ȫװݹʷй쵼Ӹ Ԥ񡣵ǵͬɱȨʱӵ֧ ͷǳؼǰϯûоӾ飬뽫 ҲûʾȤһݵȱʹǰν ѾοԼ˵Сй˵ֻ ҪӾãԴڣʧȥӵ֧֣ ֽԵġϰƽͲͬǾ˳ ˸һλ飬ýе;һ ⣬ĸ質Ҳǲһλ߽׾١

йʮ˴ٿһǰϰƽԼ еҪţԼǿھе쵼λѼ˾ټί°ӣ쵼ȫ װڲϯ֮Ȼ ίϯβͬһˣѶԾӵָȨҲһΡϰƽĹǺĲ ƽ˾߼Ķ˵ԼҲ֪ҪѾ ܶȹᶯȨԼθĸĲȣȵȿܵķ籩

ȻϰƽԾӵӣǿһ˲ƣҲҪܱ߹ҵִȡǿӲһģ˶Ԥѹ ɣҲ 1989 찲Ź㳡ϵķʽɺܼ ܵвʱκοܵĴʩ Լ˵ǣ1989 ֮йڴ ˶øΪˣѧ˾Ա ڵķŭϽͣҲǴ𡣲 浽ʧص״̬侯޷Ӧߣôɣϰ ƽǻӾ˵ġǸʵߡ

ĿǰΪֹڶϰƽԺܸΪר ˵ںΰӵĲΪĻ𡣡 ϰƽ֮һڣʹĸӳġϣ Ұϡڵ̨ﳪ죬Ծгϡץ ס˹ڵɢۡ 30˹̨ʵ֡ᷱ١ŵ סˡЧȣвġ

Թ˵Ƕ˵ϰƽӵ Ȩ쵼һûзɵĵͳһȫ ˿Ĺңһչľʵ壬ֱϸδսһֱռеİλ^ Ǵһǡϰƽ˸ߵ ûаʵֵؿǽȥ

ҵͳȣϰƽ㣬Ϊ ѡٳġңξֳίڣÿԱ һ޴˼һϵ漯šϰƽë 󶫺͵СƽһԾŶҪϣʵʩ ίһͬ⣬ʵǸκ;滥ƽĽίǿܻһϯֹ飬Ǻ ٻཻ

ĿǰξֳίĽṹǵСƽ쵼ȷ йȶŬ

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зζǣһṹϷֹһ 󣬵ҲɱʹõԪϣСƽ ΪξֳίûһӵоȨ1989 ꣬ܵСƽȾóȨǿԲ˴ίԱ ԸѹߡжίԱ⵽ 

ϵ֮󣬵Сƽලÿһ ڲϢʿ˵Ϊɭ֢ ôϣ 1992 Ͱѽõˣ ΪԽ񾭼øĸٶȺܲΪȷԸ Сƽָ˽ĽӰˡ

Сƽ󣬽Ȩ֮ܿ Ȼ֧ξֳίξ˵Ҫ϶ ̽񡣺͵СƽһԤӰƻʮߴָϰƽΪʴ 2012 Ӱ쵼 ⡣

ϰƽ 2012  11 ¾ְڿԤĽòӦйԪϡϰƽߵ̫Զǿ ԤϰƽҪ̫ӵսǾʸԼ̫ӵм ͵˶ͼľʩӰ졣ǵǵκ ϰƽЩ˼ʹϵòãǶܳΪϰ

ԵڲͬĹԱѧ ߺͼǴذй쵼ϡɡ͡ĸɡ ıǩں̶ܴϣûĸĸɻ ɡΪˣй쵼ѡ񵱸ĸɣ ڸĸӻԼľú桪ǿȨǵŮй޴ ƸһκθĸʩƻȨƽ⣬Σ ʱ˶Ϊ˱ɡ

ĸɲоϰƽί ͬ⣬λĸйδΨһ·˭Ҳ Լڳָĸڰҷ塪 ν֮Ѿй쵼ʶ ϵĶҺԼˡУĿǰй쵼 ģθĸĶڡڹϣй޴ 㴢ĺǱڵгƣȻ ׬ǮͶߡɵμҺͻѧߣǻ к£йԻþ档ڹڣͨϿ ѹȻܹס֡

һֻ£ϰƽΪйĸǷĿ ԺСϰƽȡһϵгθܡΪḣչ˽ҵȨԴʩͬʱܻ ʱɶһЩĿƣ»֪ʶӵ ΡҲЩʵԴʩǿƽ裬ȶԶѹһеģһרҲǾԲġ⽻ϣ ڹйȥĺս£ǻ ȥϰƽڽڹó׺ʱܻȡӲʩΪ̬

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