科学探求人们的共同经验;科学是由人所进行,它具有人们的风格。
“Science searches the common experience of people; and it is made by people, and it has style”科学的思考方式是试图应付重大现实问题(生命的不确定性)的其中一种策略。
我们不知道许多行动会带来何种结果。
我们或许只稍微知道有一些力量巧妙或直接地、渐渐或突然地在影响我们。
甚至当我们在尝试完成最简单的工作时。
The scientific way of thought is one of a number of strategies by which we try to cope with a vital reality: the uncertainty of life. We don’t know what the consequences of many of our actions will be. We may have little idea of the forces that affect us subtly or directly, gradually or suddenly. In trying to accomplish even the simplest task,科学是一种思考与提出问题的过程,而不是一种知识体。
它是我们宣称知道某事的其中一种方法。
就某种意义而言,科学方法是一套准绳,可决定有关不同真实性观点的冲突该如何解决。
它提供一种策略,使研究者在处理某些问题时能加以运用。
它提供研究的「消费者」,能持批判的态度评估证据是如何被发展,以及如何用在结论的获得上。
Science is a process of thinking and asking questions, not a body of knowledge. It is one of several ways of claiming that we know something. In one sense, the scientific method is a set of criteria for deciding how conflicts about differing views of reality can be resolved. It offers a strategy that researchers can use when approaching a question. It offers consumers of research the ability to critically assess how evidence has been developed and used in reaching a conclusion.
参考资料: 东吴大学上课讲义 1.东吴大学厂商决策 2.行销个案分析 3. 消费者行为